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Biomedical subjects

P Bolme

Publications and source records attributed to P Bolme.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Disturbances in dental development after total body irradiation in bone marrow transplant recipients.

The dental status of 16 children who had been treated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for serious bone marrow diseases was followed for up to 6 years. Several types of disturbances in dental development were observed in children who had been conditioned with total body irradiation (TBI) at 10 Gy before BMT. Thus, impaired root development that caused short V-shaped roots was found in all patients, a complete failure of root development and premature apical closure were found in five patients, enamel hypoplasia was observed in four patients, and microdontia was observed in three patients conditioned with TBI. Patients younger than 6 years of age at BMT exhibited the most severe and extensive dental aberrations. The TBI at 10 Gy appeared to be the major cause of the disturbances found.

Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced↗
PubMed1988

INH and streptomycin in Ethiopian children with tuberculosis and different nutritional status.

The plasma concentration of INH and streptomycin was followed in 45 Ethiopian children with tuberculosis. The children were grouped according to their nutritional status as normal, underweight, marasm and kwashiorkor. INH was well absorbed in all nutritional groups to give therapeutically active plasma levels. When terminal half life (t1/2) of INH was calculated for individual patients there were more children in all nutritional groups with t1/2 greater than or equal to 2 hours than less than 2 hours, indicating a slow acetylation of INH. Streptomycin was well absorbed in all nutritional groups and therapeutic levels were obtained with 20 mg/kg i.m. After 30 mg/kg i.m. of streptomycin kwashiorkor children had an increased t1/2 of streptomycin indicating a decreased renal excretion of the drug in kwashiorkor. The clinical follow-up of the children indicated that serious tuberculosis could be successfully treated with INH and streptomycin in the doses used.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Growth and growth hormone in children after bone marrow transplantation.

Growth and growth hormone (GH) were investigated every year in 24 children after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for severe aplastic anemia (SAA) or leukemia. Conditioning included total body irradiation (TBI) in all cases of leukemia. The young leukemic children grew poorly. At 4 years after BMT, the mean standard deviation score for attained height had decreased from 0 to -1.73. GH deficiency was diagnosed with provocation tests. Three years after BMT, 10/18 children had a subnormal response. Ten children were further investigated with 24-hour GH profiles. Children with SAA had normal growth and GH levels. TBI seemed to be the major factor responsible for impaired growth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Regulation of lipolysis during the neonatal period. Importance of thyrotropin.

We investigated the lipolytic effect of several hormones on isolated human adipocytes obtained at different donor ages. In neonates, noradrenaline and adrenaline had an insignificant lipolytic effect (70% over basal). In this age group only thyrotropin (TSH) had a significant effect in physiological concentrations, and the maximal lipolytic effect (700% over basal) was the same as that of isoprenaline. The lipolytic effect of TSH was the same in premature 4-10-wk-old infants with a gestational age of 27-33 wk as in neonates, but fat cells from infants 4-10 wk old, born at term, showed a significantly lower effect. In children and adults, the lipolytic effect of TSH gradually decreased further and was present only in unphysiological concentrations. The catecholamine-induced lipolysis was pronounced and was similar in children and adults (350% over basal). TSH is the dominating lipolytic hormone in vitro during the neonatal period. Thus, the peak elevation of circulating TSH, which is seen immediately after birth, may be essential to lipolysis during this part of life.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1988

Oral condition in children treated with bone marrow transplantation.

Oral health was studied in 49 children below 12 years of age treated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Dental treatment prior to BMT was required in 41% of the children. Ulceration of the mucous membranes in the mouth was observed in 37% of the patients during treatment. Those given methotrexate as prophylaxis against graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) exhibited oral ulcerations more frequently (p less than 0.05) than those given cyclosporin. One year after BMT all patients with a clinical chronic GVHD exhibited changes in the oral mucosa. During the first year after BMT 31% of the children developed carious lesions. Children treated with 10 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) had a significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced salivary secretion rate. Dental development was severely affected in children treated with TBI. These disturbances consisted of arrested root development, enamel hypoplasias and microdontia.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1987

Changes in catecholamine-induced lipolysis in isolated human fat cells during the first year of life.

Catecholamine-induced lipolysis in isolated human adipocytes during the first year of life was investigated. During this period fat cell size increased markedly. Basal and catecholamine-induced glycerol release were positively correlated with age when lipolysis was expressed per cell. However, when lipolysis was expressed per unit of cell surface area (micrometer squared), this correlation was observed only for noradrenaline. Basal lipolysis and the effect of the pure beta-agonist, isoprenaline, were identical in infants and adults. From 0 to 2 mo of age noradrenaline had very little lipolytic effect. The addition of the alpha-2-adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine, to noradrenaline equalized lipolysis per micrometer squared in infants and adults and the alpha-2-adrenoceptor sensitivity was significantly enhanced in infants. In both groups the lipolytic adrenoceptor was of the beta-1 type. In conclusion, adipocytes from infants have a poor lipolytic response to noradrenaline partly because of the small fat cells but mainly because of an enhanced alpha-2-adrenoceptor activity.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1986

Excretion of noscapine in human breast milk.

The excretion of noscapine in human breast milk was studied in 8 lactating women given a single oral dose of 100 or 150 mg after a light breakfast. Serum and milk samples were collected for 24 h after drug intake. Although noscapine is a weak base, only a small amount was excreted in the milk. The median milk/serum ratio was 0.29, range 0.15-0.88. The noscapine dose received by a child during a 24 hour period, when the maternal dose is 50 mg t.i.d., was calculated to be 0.8 (0.4-1.9) micrograms/kg (median and range).

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A randomized trial comparing use of cyclosporin and methotrexate for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis in bone marrow transplant recipients with haematological malignancies.

Patients with haematological malignancies with HLA-identical marrow donors were randomized to treatment with cyclosporin (CSA) or methotrexate (MTX). Two of the 29 patients randomized to MTX died before engraftment compared with none of the 30 treated with CSA. Engraftment by leucocytes (P less than 0.0001), granulocytes (P less than 0.02), and reticulocytes (P less than 0.01) was faster among the CSA patients. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding transfusions, hospitalization and incidence of early septicaemia. Granulocyte transfusions were required in seven of 29 MTX and two of 30 CSA patients (not significant: NS). Overall (grade I-IV) acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was more common (P = 0.001) in the CSA patients. Grade II-IV acute GVHD was seen in 40% of the CSA patients compared with 22% in the MTX patients (NS). In the adult patients grade II-IV GVHD was slightly more common (P less than 0.05) in those treated with CSA compared with MTX. Chronic GVHD appeared in 30 and 39% in the two groups respectively. Actuarial 3-year survival was 58% for the CSA patients and 69% for the MTX patients. There were no significant differences regarding the incidence of interstitial pneumonitis or relapses between the two groups. The side-effects of CSA treatment includes nephrotoxicity (83%), hepatotoxicity (20%), hirsutism (43%), hypertension (23%), tremor (27%) and gingival hyperplasia (27%). Serum creatinine values were increased at 3 and 6 months in the CSA group but were within the normal range after 6 months. A blind study on oral side-effects revealed that CSA patients more often had a normal mucosa (P = 0.025) and less frequently had mucositis (P = 0.01) compared with the MTX group.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Congenital spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. Morphological and biochemical examination of skeletal tissue in an unusual case of this disorder.

This report deals with an unusual case of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, where the diagnosis was suspected clinically and radiologically and where cartilage and osseocartilaginous specimens were taken for ultrastructural and biochemical analyses. Unlike cases described previously the electron microscopic studies of chondrocytes showed dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. The dilated cisternae contained an amorphous substance, and the picture is suggestive of a metabolic disturbance. The results of the biochemical analyses were within the normal range and did not indicate storage of glycosaminoglycans.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1983

Chloramphenicol pharmacokinetics in Ethiopian children of differing nutritional status.

The pharmacokinetics of i.v. chloramphenicol succinate and oral chloramphenicol palmitate were studied in Ethiopian children with different nutritional states. In children with kwashiorkor the plasma clearance of chloramphenicol was significantly lower than in children of normal weight (4.16 ml/min/kg versus 7.53 ml/min/kg). In consequence the mean half-life was prolonged (3.76 h versus 2.85 h) and this led to somewhat higher plasma levels in the kwashiorkor children. The influence of the pathophysiological changes offset one another so that plasma concentrations within the therapeutic range were obtained in children with kwashiorkor given recommended standard i.v. doses. The absorption of chloramphenicol after oral administration in severely malnourished children was erratic, which suggests that this route should be avoided in such patients.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in Ethiopian children of differing nutritional status.

The pharmacokinetics of theophylline in Ethiopian children of differing nutritional status was studied. In 8 children of normal weight, the t1/2 beta (4.93 h) plasma clearance (1.22 ml/min/kg and Vd area (504 ml/kg) were similar to those of Swedish children of normal weight. In children with marasmus or kwashiorkor there was an increased volume of distribution. The increase in Vd was reflected in an increased biological half-life, in spite of a slight but not significant increase in clearance in both of these groups of children. The pharmacokinetic changes in clearance and volume of distribution found in malnutrition should counteract each other, so from a clinical point of view theophylline can be given to Ethiopian children according to the standard dosage recommendation, regardless of nutritional status.

Child↗
PubMed1983

The influence of the sweetening agent on the oral absorption of penicillin V.

Plasma concentrations of Penicillin V were determined following oral administration in children of mixtures containing different sugars as sweetening agents. Significantly higher peak plasma concentrations and area under the curve were found with sacharose than with sorbitol. Mixtures containing fructose gave intermediate values.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Pharmacokinetics and dose regimen of oral theophylline in children.

The pharmacokinetics of theophylline after oral administration in tablet (Oxyphyllin) or solution (Teovent) form was determined in 22 children 0.6-16 years of age. Four of these children also received intravenous theophylline. The absorption of theophylline both from the tablets and from the solution was rapid (mean half-time 14.3 and 16.1 min., respectively) and almost complete. The youngest children (2-8 years) given tablets had a significantly shorter half-time of elimination and a higher total plasma clearance than children aged 9-16 years. Adverse effects during treatment with the oral solution were studied in another 19 children. Medication was stopped by the parents of two children because of the unpleasant taste. Gastrointestinal disturbances were frequent but not serious enough to cause discontinuation of treatment. Simulations based on obtained pharmacokinetic data showed that in the average child below nine years of age oral theophylline, 6-8 mg/kg three times daily, would give plasma levels between 10 and 20 micrograms/ml (55-110 mumol/l) for about 60-70% of the day. A dose of 6 mg/kg four times daily would achieve such concentrations during almost 24 hrs of the day. In the average child aged 9-16 years a reduced dose of about 5-6 mg/kg three times daily would suffice to produce plasma levels of 10-20 micrograms/ml owing to the slower elimination of the drug in this age group. Individual titration of the dose is necessary for optimal treatment with theophylline in all age groups.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

The oral absorption of ampicillin, pivampicillin and amoxycillin in infants and children.

The oral absorption of comparable doses of mixtures of ampicillin, amoxycillin and pivampicillin was studied in 38 children from 6 months to 6 years of age. Plasma concentrations following pivampicillin and amoxycillin were higher than those following the administration of ampicillin. No significant difference was found between amoxycillin and pivampicillin. The oral absorption of pivampicillin mixture was further studied in 12 infants, 0-1 month and 1-5 months of age. The absorption was faster in infants and children more than 6 months of age than in the 1-5 months group. The excretion, indicated by the slope of the plasma concentration curve, was delayed in infants less than one month of age. The oral absorption of amoxycillin and pivampicillin from tablets was also studied in 12 infants and children, 6 months-6 years of age, in the same doses as when mixtures were studied and was more complete with pivampicillin than with amoxycillin. The absorption of pivampicillin was more complete from tablets than from mixture. Also with amoxycillin there was a trend towards more efficient absorption from tablet than from mixture.

Absorption↗