Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Blin

Publications and source records attributed to P Blin.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Sexual repertoires of heterosexuals: implications for HIV/sexually transmitted disease risk and prevention. The ACSF Group, Analyse des Comportements Sexuels en France.

OBJECTIVE: To provide a quantitative and population-based analysis of sexual repertoires among heterosexuals. DESIGN: The French National Survey of Sexual Behaviour (ACSF), conducted between September 1991 and February 1992 on a representative sample of the population aged 18-69 years. METHODS: Sexual practices of the last heterosexual encounter were investigated among 4261 individuals; we measured the combinations of different practices and their correlations with age, and calculated frequencies for the main repertoires and their correlations with the interpartner relationship. RESULTS: Vaginal penetration and caressing were almost systematic, self-masturbation and anal penetration were rare, while mutual masturbation and orogenital practices had intermediate levels of occurrence. Examination of the correlations revealed (1) a very high correlation between practices which are reciprocal or symmetrical, (2) a strong association between genito-manual and genito-oral practices, (3) an association between anal penetration and fellatio, and (4) no clear correlation between any set of practices and vaginal sex or condom use. A small number of repertoires accounted for the vast majority of encounters. Younger people tended to have a more diversified repertoire. Repertoire types and diversity were strongly correlated to the pattern of interpartner relationship, independently of age. CONCLUSIONS: Reciprocity seems a standard feature of the heterosexual repertoire. The absence of a negative correlation between vaginal or anal penetration and other practices argues against promotion of the latter as substitute for the former. By contrast, the independence between condom use and any specific repertoire argues for its promotion as a universal means of protection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A double-blind comparison of the long-term efficacy of a potassium channel opener and a calcium antagonist in stable angina pectoris.

The efficacies and safety of nicorandil, 20 mg b.d., and diltiazem, 60 mg t.d., in the treatment of stable angina pectoris were compared in a double-blind randomized parallel group study involving 123 patients. The duration of the study was 3 months. Exercise tolerance tests were performed by the patients when on placebo (day 0) and at the end of the study period (day 90). Both groups were comparable at day 0 in terms of demography and cardiovascular status. Nicorandil and diltiazem were both found to decrease the frequency of anginal attacks and the consumption of nitroglycerin tablets (P < 0.01). Maximum exercise capacity, the amount of work that could be performed before reaching ischaemic threshold, and the amount of work required to reach onset of angina were significantly increased for both groups of patients on day 90 compared with day 0 (increase in maximum exercise capacity: nicorandil--6.9 +/- 18.9 kj, diltiazem--9.6 +/- 16.2 kj, P = 0.44 ns; increase in work to ischaemic threshold: nicorandil--9.4 +/- 18.1 kJ, diltiazem--14.7 +/- 15.4 kJ, P = 0.10 ns; increase in work to onset of angina: nicorandil--10.0 +/- 20.1 kJ, diltiazem--11.4 +/- 14.9 kJ, P = 0.68 ns). Differences between the two groups were not significant. The double product of systolic blood pressure x heart rate and peak exercise for both drugs was either unchanged or slightly decreased at ischaemic threshold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Diagnostic and therapeutic management of ethylene glycol poisoning. Importance of crystalluria. Apropos of a case].

During the course of a case of ethylene glycol poisoning with ensuing oliguric renal failure despite early dialysis, we show the importance of early diagnosis of this intoxication in underlined. Characteristics of ethylene glycol poisoning are: metabolic acidosis with anion gap (without lactic acidosis or keto-acidosis) and high plasma osmolarity. Awaiting the result of blood and urinary toxic values, crystalluria, by typical needle monohydrate calcium oxalate crystals finding, evokes the diagnosis and permits to start a specific treatment. This treatment is based on: principles of intensive care, ethanol administration (or 4-methyl-pyrazole now available), also thiamine and pyridoxine administration and finally, dialysis therapy. We can hope, with early and intensive management of this poisoning, to prevent the renal failure, principal complication of ethylene glycol ingestion, which can lead to chronic renal failure. Therefore, crystalluria, an easy and specific diagnosis technic, is of great interest.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1993

Synthesis of monohydroxylated fatty acids from linoleic acid by rat aortic smooth muscle cells and tissues: influence on prostacyclin production.

We have investigated whether cellular metabolism of linoleic acid (18:2) can influence prostacyclin (PGI2) production by cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) and tissues. Incubation of rat SMC homogenates with [1-14C]18:2 results in the enzymatic synthesis of [14C]13-HODE (hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid) and to a lesser extent [14C]9-HODE as defined by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GLC-MS). The observed changes, in percent enzymatically synthesized 13-HODE in the presence of indomethacin, aspirin, metyrapone, 15-HPETE (hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid), and NDGA, suggest that it is formed from the PGH (prostaglandin endoperoxide) synthase pathway. Incubation of intact adherent SMC with [14C]linoleic acid demonstrates that the monohydroxylated compounds are predominantly esterified within the membrane phospholipids and not released into the incubation medium. The simultaneous incubation or a short-term preincubation of 18:2 and arachidonic acid (20:4) do not modify the enzymatic profile of 20:4 transformation. By contrast, long-term preincubation of cells with 18:2 or 13-HODE stimulates the transformation of exogenously added [14C]20:4 to [14C]6-keto PGF1 alpha. However, exogenous 13-HODE does not enhance [14C]6-keto PGF1 alpha recovery from [14C]20:4 prelabeled SMCs. Our results demonstrate that 18:2 is a substrate for PGH-synthase in rat aortic SMC and tissues. The 13-HODE formed is essentially esterified in cell phospholipids and remains without any significant effects on the release of [14C]6-keto PGF1 alpha from [14C]20:4 prelabeled SMC.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of tolerance during intravenous administration of low dose of isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of unstable angina].

The eventuality of tolerance was assessed in 19 patients with unstable angina treated by continuous intravenous infusion of 50 micrograms/min of isosorbide trinitrate (ISDN) in association with heparin and betablocker therapy. The tolerance phenomenon was evaluated by the hypotension produced by the ISDN infusion and by the amplitude of fall in blood pressure produced by an intravenous bolus of 1 mg of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) according to the principle of crossed tolerance to the two nitrate derivatives. Under these conditions of administration, the authors observed partial attenuation of the blood pressure response to continuous ISDN infusion and absence of cross tolerance between ISDN and intravenous GTN. The co-prescription of intravenous N-acetylcysteine at a dosage of 10 g/24 hours in 10 of the 19 patients did not affect the blood pressure or the response to the GTN bolus compared with the 9 other patients who had received placebo after double-blind randomisation. The results of this study do not indicate if the maintenance of vascular sensitivity to nitrate derivatives at least for 72 hours, was related to the choice of a relatively low dose and/or the use of ISDN rather than another nitrate derivative, in particular glyceryl trinitrate. The use of intravenous ISDN at a low dose over a 3 day period in the usual conditions of prescription for unstable angina does not seem to induce a quantitatively significant phenomenon of tolerance.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1992

Effects of monohydroxylated fatty acids on arterial smooth muscle cell properties.

The hydroxylated derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids may be potent modulators of basic biological responses involved in pathological processes, including atherosclerosis. The object of the present investigation was to study the effects of monohydroxylated fatty acids (namely 12-HETE) on the properties of aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) in culture. The changes in cell expression of differentiation antigen alpha-SM actin and 2P1A2 was followed by computerized morphometry, using specific monoclonal antibodies and the activation of cells by measuring cell motility. In addition, intracellular [Ca2+]i mobilization and IP3 formation were studied. Finally, the metabolic routes of monohydroxylated compounds and their effects on PGI2 secretion were reported. The results demonstrate that 12-HETE is able to stimulate the phenotypic modulation. PGI2 production and motility of arterial SMCs, despite any detectable activity in increasing [Ca2+]i or IP3 formation. By contrast with parent compounds 15-HETE and 13-HODE, which appear as potent prodifferentiating molecules, 12-HETE is specifically metabolized via a 10-11 reductase pathway in addition to the classical beta-oxidation pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that cellular metabolism of 12-HETE, produced by platelets in the vicinity of the arterial intima, and also by cells present inside the atherosclerotic intima, or associated with modified LDL may play a key role in the atherosclerotic process.

12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid↗
PubMed1991

Postmarketing surveillance of zopiclone in insomnia: analysis of 20,513 cases.

The subjective response to the prescription drug zopiclone, an hypnotic agent belonging to the cyclopyrrolone family, was assessed under the usual conditions of prescription of an hypnotic in general practice. The study included 20,513 insomniac outpatients with at least two of the following symptoms: sleep onset latency longer than 1 hour, more than two nocturnal awakenings, early morning awakening 1 hour or more before scheduled time, total sleep time of less than 6 hours, complaint of tiredness on awakening. Insomniac patients were treated with zopiclone and followed for 21 consecutive days within the context of a follow-up surveillance study. The population was predominantly female (62.6%), and the mean age was 52.3 years. The dosage of zopiclone prescribed at the inclusion visit was 7.5 mg per day in 87.5% of the cases and 3.75 mg per day in 10.5%. A total of 93.8% of the patients completed the survey. Spiegel questionnaire improved during the 21-day survey, and 9.2% of the patients reported at least one adverse event that led to treatment discontinuation in only 2.8% of the population. No serious or unexpected adverse events were reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Synthesis of hydroxy fatty acids from linoleic acid by human blood platelets.

The metabolism of linoleic acid by washed human platelets was investigated. [1.14C] linoleic acid was converted to [1.14C] hydroxy octadecadienoic acids (HODEs) at about the same rate with which [1.14C] 12-HETE was produced from [1.14C] arachidonic acid. The total radioactivity in HODEs was distributed among two isomers: 13-HODE (85%) and 9-HODE (15%) as defined by CG-MS. The production of HODEs by intact washed platelets was inhibited by indomethacin (IC50:5 x 10(-7) M) which suggest that hydroxy fatty acids were produced by PGH-synthase. By contrast, the production of HODEs by platelet cytosolic fractions was not modified under indomethacin treatment but completely abolished by NDGA (10(-3) M) and inhibited by the platelet lipoxygenase inhibitors 15-HETE (2.10(-5) M) and baicalein (10(-5) M). Platelets thus contain two different active systems which may convert linoleic acid to hydroxy fatty acids. Since these compounds remained essentially associated with the platelets, their presence may significantly participate in the mechanisms of platelet activation.

Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase↗
PubMed1988

Modelling the 1985 influenza epidemic in France.

The Rvachev-Baroyan-Longini model is a space-time predictive model of the spread of influenza epidemics. It has been applied to 128 cities of the USSR, and more recently, to forecasting the spread of the pandemic of 1968-1969 throughout 52 large cities. It is a deterministic, mass-action, space and time continuous model. The model has been applied to the simulation of the influenza epidemic of 1984-1985 in the 22 French Metropolitan districts and results are presented. Estimates of the parameters of the model were made using the French Communicable Diseases Network data. These parameters are the contact rate, a, (estimate = 0.55) which is the number of people with whom an infectious individual will make contact daily sufficient to pass infection and the infectious period, 1/b, estimated as 2.49 days. The mean annual railroad passenger traffic from district i to district j varies from 0 to 1,991,000 persons depending on the districts. The computer spread of the epidemic is presented on weekly maps. Results are also presented on district charts, giving the size of district epidemics and the time of peak of the epidemic. The precision of the computer fittings was judged satisfactory by the calculated size of peak differing from the real one by less than 100 per cent, in 17 out of 18 districts, and by the calculated time of peak differing from the observed by less than two weeks in 14 out of 18 districts. Although precision could be improved with more detailed information about passenger traffic, the French use of the model has been satisfactory.

Computer Simulation↗