Biomedical subjects

P Binetti

Publications and source records attributed to P Binetti.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[New prospects in physician-patient communication: role of the animated model].

UNLABELLED: Today information technology and multimediality play a key role in the field of medicine and only recently have been used to improve the doctor-patient relationship. The authors propose the use of induction movies also in this field improving communication between doctor and patient especially when handling surgical operations and complex procedures. These movies give detailed information to patients showing images and explaining in a simple way surgery, therapy and innovative procedures helping the patients to cope with surgery and therapy reducing anxiety and worry. This innovative method was also used successfully for the training of students helping them to understand important issues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An induction movie on CD regarding two different surgical techniques was shown to 20 patients (7 females and 13 males, average age 50.8), 20 doctors and 20 students. RESULTS: Doctors and patients appreciated this new communication method enabling doctors to better communicate with patients and patients to better understand operation procedures. Worry for operation was reduced and compliance before and after surgery was increased. As to the notion point of view students understood quicker and easier. CONCLUSIONS: This method is innovative and enables technical information to reach patients, doctors and students faster. Images are kept in mind easier and help patients to evaluate the pros and cons of surgery reducing worry. There was more communication between doctors and patients improving therefore their relationship and at the same time reducing communication barriers.

Communication↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Counseling for adolescents with eating disorders].

INTRODUCTION: The increase of disorders connected to eating behaviours arises serious problems in the social and health-care setting. These require long-term therapeutic interventions, which have to be strongly integrated on the pharmacological, psychotherapeutic, social and cultural aspects. At present the issues develops itself on three levels: a) increase of the number of subjects, especially adolescents, b) protraction of the illness, with frequent critical relapses, c) always less defined evolution of the pathology with a tendency to become chronic and develop other kinds of illnesses. OUTLINE OF THE SURVEY: The Clinical Psychology Service of the CBM University Hospital examined 300 records of adolescents with various forms of eating disorders. Some of these interventions were requested by various clinical departments while other cases were directly taken care of and offering pharmacological as well as therapeutic interventions. RESULTS: The analysis of adolescents' dynamics allows an interpretation of modern eating disorders as one of the issues characteristic of the always more difficult body-mind integration. For adolescents corporeality is a weight, some kind of foreign body they don't like, and it is not thought as the basic way to get in contact with others so to express one's own feelings and wishes. CONCLUSIONS: Eating disorders are very strong symptoms of personal and social malaise. For this reason they require an integrated intervention starting from the family environment, reaching the child in its uniqueness as well as the larger social context. Actually the latter sends messages to young people which are strongly destabilizing from an ethical point of view as well as for body aesthetics. A counseling service offered at first to parents becomes an effective way of preparing both sides to more complex and articulated types of treatment. These can be more expensive but can build up again a disturbed or not properly developed psychological balance in adolescents.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The right to be born and the need to be born healthy... questions in medical ethics].

INTRODUCTION: Science, thanks to the commitment of huge amount of human capitals, in many cases supported even by enormous fund investment, gain continuously ground reaching new position and spreading out the borders on human chances in a sphere so delicate like birth. New genetic screening tests, new contraceptive drugs using even more sophisticated features, comply with the new law on assisted insemination, put up new challenges involving all the scientific-social environments and necessitate precise answers on ethical side, but even concrete commitment on vocational training. PROBLEM: In this case we take working examples distinguished only on perception, as the pre-implant diagnosis, the morning after pill, and certain about the recent legislation on assisted insemination, to highlight their common scientific and cultural milieu. These problems call for an unquestionable and unique response, to restore clarity about choices involving the need and ability on human being to look for and find answers about existential matter as the beginning of life. Human being value and its significance need to be relentlessly restated, just because they are endlessly debated by a synergy of the emotional point of view, even impressive, and new stand out techniques. PROPOSAL: in that sense vocational training is undeniable goal, even more, but not only, in a Faculty of Medicine. A student needs to learn to reflect on the relations between scientific forthcoming and their ethical and bioethical repercussion.

Contraceptives, Postcoital↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The reciprocal evaluation in the Learning Organization].

INTRODUCTION: The culture of the appraisal was introduced in the Italian Universities only five years ago and the collected data come from the evaluation nuclei in the university on the basis of grills structured, proposed from the national Observatory for the Appraisal, where data are dealt in comparative key. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Medicine faculty of the University Campus Bio Medico every year carries out an evaluation survey where the judgments from the students are compared with their didactic results. We utilise questionnaires to both inquire into the quality of the logistic and organizational aspects and into the didactic teacher competences and tutors, taking them in consideration singularly and as a whole, through the integrated course's analysis. RESULTS: This study represents one further development regarding those already published in the previous years, because it compares every teacher's results of the last the five years and every student's academic career from the first moment the student entered into the faculty. The two evaluative lines have been discussed in meetings with students, teacher and administrative staff. CONCLUSIONS: From the quantitative type of data gained through questionnaires, through the curves of performance of the students and through the interpretation that are in question observations for the improvement of the didactic quality are obtained.

Education, Medical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Biotechnology and the birth of a third culture.

Biotechnology represents such an important challenge for present day culture that one can speak of a biotechnological revolution in many other scientific fields as well, such as biology, clinical medicine, pharmacology, and genetic engineering. It also significantly affects political and economic choices to such a degree that they call for a new kind of attention from jurisprudence which has to regulate an ever changing world. Many important queries arise particularly at a bioethical level, issues that will also affect future generations. Scientific progress has unexpectedly widened the biological knowledge of human kind. Thanks to the contribution of continuously more refined and advanced technology, it has nurtured the hope of solving all problems and of overcoming all limits. The scientist's intellectual curiosity, encompassing these new resources, is spurred on by the desire for knowledge and understanding. However sometimes he loses sight of the repercussions and of the possible uses his achievements may have. Only a profound personal education, integrated with the scientist's technical and scientific expertise, will allow science to knock down some barriers, advancing constantly but without losing respect for man's dignity. However the separation between scientific and ethical expertise can only raise new barriers and create limits to the freedom of science which will appear just restrictive, while a kind of medieval obscurantism will be opposed to ethical rigour.

Biotechnology↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Old age: ethical and psychological perspectives].

PREMISED: The extension of the average life and the contraction of the births have generated a negative evaluation of the future social models. The old age is seen more as a problem than as possible resource, more as something to be frightened from than something belonging to all of us. ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM: The current study aims at overturning this negative point of view that sees senility as a continuous recourse to Medicine and not as a progressive resource investment, seems to be dominating today the relation of care witch seems the old aged needing is a connection point in dialogue among generation opens new possibilities of interaction. For this reason it is important to understand the meaning of senility for the cognitive point of view grasping the elements of specific richness that are important to keep obtaining a new point of view of the old age. CONCLUSION: Bioethics and psychology can help induce to think that senility is that phase of life in which the subject nevertheless all the psycho-physical limitations, individualises the answer to important questions of life and death, that are removed when the pragmatic realization is more pursuing.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Patient education and the use of the so called complementary or alternative medicine].

PURPOSE: Modern cultural trends are inclined to recognise to all human beings an always more ample right to become involved directly in choices affecting them. This even when health is concerned thus requiring expertise not always accessible to all. Informed consent to often gets reduced to a mere formality, having a mostly defensive purpose for the physician. DESIGN: Patients' education is becoming an ever more pressing issue in order to safeguard decision rights and the effective knowledge of the implications of every decision simultaneously. Patients' education has serious ethical implications which can't be eluded nor referred outside as happens when we let mass media inform on the advantages and disadvantages of various therapies. One of the major fields were this misinformed choice right is expressed is the so called complementary and alternative medicine. CONCLUSION: Nowadays physicians have to get back their therapeutical leadership once again, with renewed responsibility and through education as well. Information as such is a necessary and not sufficient condition. A sheer education involving the physician in a deeper as well as in an extended therapeutical alliance is needed. The challenge of taking care involves the whole human being: his/her sick body, his/her wounded feelings as well as intelligence which has to understand what is happening clearly.

Complementary Therapies↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Bioethics, bridge to medical education.

INTRODUCTION: Research in education assumes that every intuition regarding the improvement of the educational process is followed by one demonstration and foundation. Creativeness and rigour with the relative implications in the context of research and difficulties are the two main elements. OBJECTIVES AND DIFFICULTIES: The knowledge that features the transition from a PHOG approach in teaching: prejudice, hunches, opinions, guess to an evidence-based education is not easy to collect, to document and to generalize. But this is still not easy to apply in a context that is very difficult to improve, to know and to check. To obtain high quality education research activity is needed, because the costs and consequences of the non quality are very high and serious and the relapsing could be very important from the assistance, social prevention and clinical research point of view. CONCLUSIONS: In the university research is done in everyone's cultural area, but it should also be done in the teaching area. This is important especially in a faculty of medicine where education depends on continuous improvements in assistance and also in the prevention to be carried out through projects aiming at education to health.

Academic Medical Centers↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Terri's case and the ethical challenge for an always more technologically advanced medicine].

BACKGROUND: Highly technological medicine puts the physician in the condition of verifying always more and always better the patients' vital parameters. It also opens up new issues on the ethical side because it makes more difficult placing the borderline between life and death. The relation between the guarantee of the necessary cures, aggressive treatment and a possible request for euthanasia often appears smooth in the experts perception and in the public opinion. Indeed it feels involved in strongly expressing its opinion in a field which can affect each one of us or else in the treatment relation with patients and relatives. THE CASE: Terri Schiavo's recent death, after fifteen year of vegetative coma, occurred as a consequence of the withdrawal of feeding-tubes, has spread from the USA to Italy and the rest of the world the dramatic difficulty of clarifying issue of this impact. On one side there are solutions of an emotional kind, based on pietas, these affect the relatives who caring for such patients. This first considerations reveals its contradiction in the fact that the parents wish to keep on yielding their daughter's life and thus clash with her husband who, on the other hand, wants to interrupt all kind of treatment. On the other hand there are serious issues of a clinical and ethical kind according to which normal treatment is guaranteed at all cost and nutrition has to be considered as ordinary treatment. Aggressive treatment can reach other not lawful dimensions because they are against human dignity and end up in worsening pain and suffering. CONCLUSIONS: Nowadays there is a pressing need for a wide information campaign for public opinion on these issues as well, as there is the possibility that all citizen can write a living will fully conscious of his responsibility. Furthermore it is even more urgent that medical class and all those who take care of these patients are able to harmonise their technical and scientific culture, keeping in mind a ethical and anthropological vision in order to fully understand the dignity of the dying during their last days, in an atmosphere of warm welcome and paying attention not only to the patients but to their close relatives as well. This because the weight of the treatment is on them, as is the psychological and emotional tension. The new kinds of burnout are so important that are being considered by present medicine as a new challenge.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Ethics of care and new profiles of the woman].

INTRODUCTION: In health professions listening represents an essential condition for any cure relation. Learning to listen is thus neither easy nor granted. It requires the ability to put oneself in somebody else's place, maintaining self-possession of judgement and the ability of evaluating events. PROBLEM ANALYSIS: In health professions women have always occupied a privileged position for their sensitiveness and their ability of giving meaning even to everyday life. Empathy is the privileged way women have of getting to know, understand and take care of people. They follow a feminine style which accepts and welcomes other people even if they are not able to explain their intimate contradictions, their anxieties, their difficulties, their pain and weakness. Women know how to be near people, even if they understand they are not up to the situation, not expecting to solve pain: neither personal nor other people's. They act in a different way from men who instead are attached to a reductionism that assumes a theoretical scheme to understand the issue. Man's need to dominate the problem with knowledge makes him sacrifice the complexity of reality in which he lives. Men's simplicity, their tendency to generalize processes and easily find guidelines to proceed with no useless wastes, often sacrifices elements which find no place into the chosen standards. For women this way of behaving, apparently reassuring, is not possible because they are aware that such aspects while escaping their understanding express the personality of the people involved in this process, their uniqueness which does not accept generalisations. Behind interpretative schemes, behind apparently definitive diagnosis, women perceive vagueness and interpretative inadequacy. CONCLUSIONS: Female rationality is inclined to live with one's own and other's contradictions just because it is strongly attached to a reality which avoids simplification of understanding. It refuses interpretative schemes, theories which try to offer themselves as exhaustive models which can explain all events, lessening the value or even denying elements which do not fall within the interpretation model assumed. Women appear contradictory because they do not refuse confrontation with life contradictions and its perennial changes.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Therapeutic education and the increased risk of postpartum depression].

Postpartum depression affects approximately 13% of women irrespective of ethnic group and culture. In fact, it represents the main request for hospitalisation of a non-obstetric type for pregnant women. This is a particularly significant fact considering that women affected by postpartum depression have a depressive relapse twice as frequently compared with other women during a period of five years. Their children are exposed to an ambiguous relationship which does not help their cognitive, psychological and emotional development. Furthermore, in the most severe cases it can determine a serious risk for their life. Despite this, the syndrome symptoms and consequences are still not widely known and data seem to be underestimated both quantitatively and qualitatively. The present survey tries to study the causes producing this situation. It offers as well therapeutical and educational trends of intervention of a preventive and predictive type in order to control at least the major risk that can occur.

Depression, Postpartum↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Indicators of educational assessment and prospects of improving university life].

INTRODUCTION: Five years after the establishment of the National Observatory for Assessment--now called National Committee for the Assessment of the University System--(L. 509/99), a critical analysis of the indicators chosen in relation to the aim suggested by the law itself becomes necessary. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the assessment system of the University Campus Bio-Medico as it has changed through time, in order to highlighten possible trends which have allowed a real improvement of the entire educational system. In these years our University has endeavoured to answer appropriately to the National Committee exhortations by creating its own system of self-assessment. This has strengthened the inner motivation to improve of all stakeholders of the educational process (students, teachers, tutors). The predominance of inner motivations on external ones is the essential feature in an university system which grants an educational model based on personal freedom and its related responsibility. This system, created and managed by the Department for Educational Research (DIE) of the University Campus Bio-Medico, is organized in three wider phases: planning of assessment tools and their administration; preparing the focus groups which address targeted groups of people so to evaluate the results and prepare new tools. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In our University assessment process certain values have acquired the structure of tracks along which it is possible to find concrete features: educational independence and planning governance as well as joint responsibility and cooperation. These are the key concepts which show the uniqueness and foundation of the entire educational system.

Educational Measurement↗