Increased occurrence of cytoplasmic filaments in in vitro propagated rat liver epithelial cells.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
P Biberfeld
Publications and source records attributed to P Biberfeld.
B-CLL cell surface markers and mitogen-induced thymidine uptake: a comparison between lymph node cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes in 25 patients.
Lymphocytes from peripheral blood and lymph nodes from 25 patients with B-CLL were analysed by immunofluorescent staining of surface membrane immunoglobulin (SmIg), the B-cell marker B1, and the T-cell markers Leu 1/2/3/4. Tritium-thymidine uptake was measured in mitogen-stimulated 4-day cultures. Differences in these parameters between cells from the two sources in each patient were calculated with the paired T-test. All cell samples showed a clonal B-cell population. More blood lymphocytes than lymph node cells expressed the monoclonal SmIg (mu or gamma, p = 0.04; kappa or lambda, p less than 0.01), and T-cells were more frequent in lymph nodes (p = 0.01), where the T helper/suppressor ratio was higher. Furthermore, lymph node cells showed a higher thymidine uptake in response to the mitogens LPS, PWM, and Cowan (p = 0.01, p = 0.01, and p = 0.004, respectively), but there was no difference in the responses to EBV, DxS, TPA and PHA (p greater than 0.5). The higher response in lymph node cells to some mitogens might in part be explained by differences in the numbers of accessory cells, such as T-helper cells, but also by the existence of leukaemic B-cell subsets with different mitogen response patterns and different distributions within the lymphoid compartments. The characterization of subsets within a malignant cell clone might be of clinical importance.
Adult↗
Interferon induces proliferation in leukemic and normal B-cell subsets.
3H-thymidine incorporation following stimulation with interferon (IFN) in vitro was investigated in cell cultures from peripheral blood of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), spleens from necro-kidney transplants and healthy blood donors. It was demonstrated, that IFN can induce a proliferative response in some normal as well as leukemic B lymphocyte subsets. The responses were not T-cell dependent. The results indicate, that B-cell subsets that proliferate in the presence of IFN, are present in higher proportions in spleen than in peripheral blood, and that they constitute a portion of the leukemic blood lymphocyte pool in some patients with CLL. We have previously demonstrated, that IFN induces varying degrees of transformation and differentiation in blood lymphocytes from a majority of CLL patients. The functional characteristics of different B-cell subsets, and their heterogeneous distribution in leukemia, may be important for the results of IFN treatment in various malignant B-cell disorders.
B-Lymphocytes↗
Monocyte/macrophage giant cell disease in SIV-infected cynomolgus monkeys.
A non-opportunistic, generalized giant cell disease (GCD) was found in 12 out of 25 (48%) cynomologus monkeys infected with SIVsm. Most organs were affected notably the lymph nodes (LN), spleen, gut, liver, lungs and CNS. The multinucleated GC varied considerably in cell size and in the number and cytoplasmic distribution of the nuclei. Immunohistochemically most GC expressed SIV antigens and markers of mononuclear phagocytes (CD68), CD4 and also occasionally the T-cell markers CD45RO, CD43 and CD2. Monkeys with GCD had more pronounced immunosuppression with lower CD4-cell counts, more often demonstrable SIV antigen in the blood and LN and had been infected for a longer time period, as compared to monkeys without GCD. These findings show that SIV infection in cynomolgus monkeys is frequently associated with extensive formation of multinucleated GC of macrophage origin, which appears to be related to the pathogenesis of the infection and the degree of immunosuppression.
Animals↗
Accessory cells and macrophages in the histopathology of SIVsm-infected cynomolgus monkeys.
Thirty-three out of 39 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) infected with SIVsm (strain SMM-3) developed various pathologies similar to those seen in human AIDS. Lymphadenopathy was frequently seen (72%) and was characterized by hyperplasia followed by involution of follicle/germinal centres due to follicular dendritic cell (FDC) destruction corresponding to the degree of immunodeficiency. Various organs such as the lungs, liver, central nervous system, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system and adrenals showed histopathological changes with prominent monocyte/macrophage and multinucleated giant cell formation. Eighteen (54%) monkeys presented with extranodal malignant lymphoma (ML) associated with marked CD4 decrease and destruction of follicular architecture. The high frequency of ML, giant cell disease and lymph node changes seen in the present SIV model provides an attractive system to elucidate the role of FDC and monocytes/macrophages in the pathogenesis of these conditions in common with HIV infection and human AIDS.
Animals↗
Immunodeficiency and prognosis in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
Monocyte depleted blood lymphocyte subpopulations, their functions and relation to prognosis were studied in 68 untreated adult patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas classified according to the Kiel nomenclature. The median observation time was 48 months (range 41-60). The mean total blood lymphocyte and T (SRBC-rosetting) cell counts were significantly decreased as compared with age-matched controls (n = 57). Twenty-five per cent of the patients had a monoclonal blood B lymphocyte population. The spontaneous lymphocyte DNA synthesis, measured as incorporation of 14C-thymidine, was increased and the response to mitogen and antigen stimulation was decreased. Blood lymphocyte counts and functions before treatment were not related to the rates of remission or survival.
Adult↗
Antibody spectrum against the viral transactivator protein in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and Kaposi's sarcoma.
We analyzed patterns of antibody response to recombinant transactivator protein (human Immunodeficiency virus type 1 [HIV-1] tat) in serum samples from HIV-1-negative subjects (n = 60), HIV-1-infected asymptomatic patients (n = 20), HIV-1-infected patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (n = 25), and patients with Kaposi's sarcoma without HIV-1 infection. None of the healthy subjects possessed anti-tat immunoglobulin G (IgG) in their serum. All asymptomatic patients with HIV-1 infection were anti-tat IgG-positive. Epitope mapping revealed that these sera had anti-tat IgG to all the functional domains of tat protein. Histochemical studies on lymph nodes from five asymptomatic HIV-1-infected patients showed that, in all cases, tat-positive cells were present within the germinal center at the stage of follicular fragmentation containing immunoblasts and small lymphocytes. Of the 25 HIV-1-infected patients with Kaposi's sarcoma, 4 were anti-tat IgG-positive; however, the epitope analysis revealed that IgG to functional domains of tat protein--in particular to transactivating response element (TAR)-binding site--were absent. All patients with Kaposi's sarcoma without HIV-1 infection were anti-tat IgG-negative. Presence or absence of anti-tat IgG and a prevalence of different antibody profiles in different groups of patients indicated the pathophysiologic role of tat protein. Thus, a passive immunization with anti-tat IgG could be a useful strategy to influence the pathophysiologic state of the disease.
Antibodies, Viral↗
Immunohistochemical expression of extracellular matrix proteins and adhesion molecules in pancreatic carcinoma.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Carcinoma invasion and metastasis in general involve multiple steps including dynamic changes in the composition and structure of extracellular matrix proteins and cell surface receptors. In the present study, the usually highly invasive carcinoma of the pancreas was investigated regarding the expression of various extracellular matrix proteins and their corresponding integrin receptors, as well as E-cadherin. METHODOLOGY: Phenotypic expression of various markers was investigated immunohistochemically in frozen sections of 16 pancreatic carcinomas and normal pancreatic tissue. RESULTS: An irregular and discontinuous deposition of type IV collagen and laminin in the basement membrane was found in cancer tissue and a pronounced desmoplastic reaction with deposition of type I, type III, and type IV collagen in the tumor stroma. In contrast, the noninvolved pancreas showed an intact basement membrane and a sparse stroma. The collagen type IV and laminin receptors alpha 2, alpha 3, and beta 1 integrin subunits were expressed on pancreatic cancer cells but not the alpha 6 integrin subunit normally present on epithelial cells, suggesting anchorage independence of the carcinoma cells. An increased capacity for cancer cell motility was suggested by the abundant expression of the "antiadhesive" extracellular matrix proteins, tenascin and vitronectin close to the cancer cells, and the expression of cell surface receptors such as alpha v (vitronectin-binding). Expression of the alpha 4 integrin subunit was also increased on cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of extracellular matrix proteins and the cell surface immune phenotype differed in pancreatic carcinoma as compared to normal pancreatic tissue. The present findings substantiate the notion that disseminated growth of highly malignant carcinomas of the pancreas reflects an invasive interaction of the tumor cells with extracellular matrix proteins of a well-established stroma. Similar findings were observed regardless of tumor histology and patient survival time.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Monoclonal antibodies against carcinoma cells of the human urinary bladder: immunohistochemical staining of tissues.
We have previously described the generation of mouse monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) directed to cell surface antigens of human bladder carcinoma. Based on experiments with cultured cells and a limited number of freshly isolated tissues, four distinct antigens were identified as being associated with this disease. In the present investigation, comprising the immunostaining of tissues of normal, malignant, and fetal origin, we have confirmed and extended the close association of these antigens with bladder cancer. Antibodies to all four antigens could clearly discriminate between malignant and normal uroepithelium. Two of the antibodies, SK4H-12 and 4E8, showed no additional reaction when tested with various adult tissues of normal or malignant origin. Antibodies to the remaining two antigens gave a positive staining of a few other tissue types.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
The tumor-associated antigens BR55-2, GA73-3 and GICA 19-9 in normal and corresponding neoplastic human tissues, especially gastrointestinal tissues.
Immunohistochemical analysis with a monoclonal antibody, anti-BR55-2, was carried out on 163 tumors with their adjacent normal tissues and on 51 normal tissues from various organs by the ABC method. The expression of the antigen BR55-2 was compared with the expression of the colorectal carcinoma (CRC) associated antigens, GA73-3 and GICA19-9. BR55-2 was expressed in most normal epithelial tissues, whereas in the colon it seems to be exclusively a tumor-associated antigen. MAb55-2 might be of value in studying dysplastic lesions of the colon and in assessing the depth of invasion of CRC. In CRC, the expression of BR55-2 was complementary to that of GA73-3. MAb55-2 may therefore be of value in immunotherapy of CRC.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Cytomorphology and immunocytochemistry of fine needle aspirates from blastic non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
Fine needle aspirates from 54 consecutive patients with primary or recurrent blastic (high-grade malignant) non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) were analyzed by cytomorphology and immunocytochemistry. The cytologic diagnoses induced follicular center-cell-derived (centroblastic or anaplastic centrocytic) lymphoma (31 cases), immunoblastic lymphoma (11 cases), lymphoblastic lymphoma (9 cases) and histiocytic lymphoma (3 cases). Immunocytochemistry showed a B-cell phenotype of the neoplastic lymphocytes in all lymphoblastic lymphomas, 29 follicle center-cell lymphomas and 4 immunoblastic lymphomas. Four of the immunoblastic lymphomas were of T-cell origin while one case was not evaluable due to necrosis. A histiocytic origin was confirmed in two of the three cases that had a cytologic diagnosis of histiocytic lymphoma; the third case was shown by immunocytochemistry to be a true Ki-1-positive large cell lymphoma. Histologic and immunohistochemical analysis were performed on surgical biopsies from 18 patients. The results were in agreement with those on the fine needle aspiration (FNA) material in 14 cases. Three lymphomas could be phenotyped on aspirated material while marker studies on excised material were inconclusive. One lymph node aspirate contained mostly necrotic cells, which were unsatisfactory for adequate immunocytochemistry. However, sections from a removed tonsil from the same patient could be used for conclusive histology and phenotyping. In conclusion, the high diagnostic accuracy of combined cytomorphologic and immunocytochemical assessment of FNA samples validates the use of the technique in the diagnostic work-up of blastic (high-grade malignant) NHLs. In fact, the diagnostic accuracy seems so high that the technique can safely be used in the final diagnosis of blastic NHLs.
Adult↗
Maturation asynchrony in leukemic cells. An abnormal combination of normal cell markers.
Multiple monoclonal antibodies and enzyme assays were used to study maturity markers (myelo-peroxidase) and immaturity markers (terminal transferase, HLA-2) in acute myeloid leukemia cells from 35 patients. In 8 of the patients, indications were found of an expression of maturity and immaturity markers on the same cells, here in called maturation asynchrony. It is suggested that the orderly appearance and disappearance of markers during the maturation of normal cells is disordered in malignant cells, and that single markers should be used with caution for the maturation classification of tumors. The simultaneous expression of maturity and immaturity marker by tumor cells could explain also why such cells can be recognized as abnormal even in the absence of tumor specific antigens.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Bilateral pleural effusions due to amyloidosis in a case of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.
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Aged↗
Interleukin-13 gene expression by malignant and EBV-transformed human B lymphocytes.
Expression of the IL-13 gene in malignant tissues from 26 human B-cell lymphoid malignancies was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A positive signal was detected in 16 cases, which included high grade B lymphomas, follicular lymphomas and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias. IL-13 mRNA was also detected in the 9 malignant B cell lines and in the 6 lymphoblastoid cell lines tested, as well as in freshly isolated malignant B cells from 2 patients with a Burkitt's lymphoma. Two of 8 T-cell lymphomas and 2 of 4 T-cell lines expressed the IL-13 gene. In contrast, IL-13 gene expression was not detected in any of the 5 non-lymphoid cell lines tested. No specific binding of radiolabeled IL-13 was detected on B cell lines, suggesting an absence of IL-13 receptors on such cells. This conclusion was also supported by the inability of IL-13 or anti-IL-13 antibodies to affect the growth of malignant B cells. Taken together, these results show that both malignant and EBV-transformed B lymphocytes, either freshly isolated or maintained as cell lines, express the IL-13 gene. This raises the question of the role of B lymphocyte-derived IL-13, a B lymphocyte stimulating cytokine, on the in vivo function of normal B lymphocytes as well as on the in vivo behaviour of B lymphoid malignancies.
Animals↗
Ultrastructural correlation between follicular dendritic cells and the frequency of virus-like particles during the lymph nodes reaction of SIV/HIV 2 infected cynomolgus monkeys.
Lymph nodes from 18 SIV/HIV2 infected monkeys developing a severe AIDS-like disease were studied by electron microscopy. The lesions were correlated with the histopathologic staining and the anti-SIVp28 immunostaining. The investigation of follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and associated retroviral particles was focused on the light zones of germinal centres during the follicular hyperplasia, fragmentation atrophy and depletion. FDCs were mostly developed in the first two stages, while the highest amount of retroviruses was found in the two middle stages. During the last stage of follicular depletion FDCs were still present but deprived of dendrites and no viral particles were seen around. Associated lesions were small haemorrhages, binucleated FDCs, viral phagocytosis by macrophages and reticular paracrystalline inclusions.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗