Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Berry

Publications and source records attributed to P Berry.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Metabolic fate of the new anti-ulcer drug enprostil in animals. 1st communication: absorption, distribution and excretion in the mouse, rat and rabbit.

Absorption, distribution and excretion of [3H]-enprostil ((+-)-11a,15a-dihydroxy-9-oxo-16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranorpr osta -4,5,13(t)-trienoic acid methyl ester, TA-84135), a new anti-ulcer prostaglandin, were studied in mice, rats and rabbits. Radioactivity associated with enprostil was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with Tmax values of 15 or 30 min. Absorption was also efficient inasmuch as approximately 80% of an oral dose was recovered in bile and urine in 24 h in bile duct-cannulated rats. Experiments in pylorus-ligated, bile duct-cannulated rats demonstrated that enprostil was mainly absorbed from the intestine, rather than from the stomach. In mice given oral doses of 2, 8 and 32 micrograms/kg, Cmax and AUC values of enprostil radioequivalents increased proportionately to the increase in dose, indicating linear kinetics over this dose range. Distribution of enprostil-associated radioactivity was investigated in rats by quantitating tritium in various tissues after the oral administration of [3H]-enprostil. Radioactivity in tissues was highest at 15 or 30 min after dosing. Highest levels of radioactivity were found in the stomach and intestines, the organs which came into direct contact with the dose, and the liver and kidney, the organs involved in excretion of enprostil. The rate of elimination of enprostil-associated radioactivity from all tissues and from plasma was similar. Enprostil-associated radioactivity did not accumulate in any tissue. Radioactivity was found in fetuses following oral administration of [3H]-enprostil to rats on the 12th or 19th day of gestation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Adrenal medullary transplant as a treatment for Parkinson's disease: perioperative considerations.

Autologous adrenal medullary transplantation, a new treatment for severe Parkinson's disease, is both complex and risky. Detailed planning is essential prior to beginning the procedure, and perioperative concerns unique to the patient and the procedure are challenging. This article reviews rationale for treatment and focuses on preoperative planning and care in addition to intraoperative concerns.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of the stressfulness of harvesting broiler chickens by machine and by hand.

The procedures of manual and machine catching acted as short-term stressors, and induced a state of fear in 8-week-old broiler chickens. The heart rate of birds caught by both methods rose to similar high values but that of birds caught by machine returned to near normal rates more quickly, suggesting that they were less stressed. The duration of tonic immobility, a response which increases with fearfulness, was much longer in manually-caught birds. These results suggest that stress could be reduced and welfare improved by catching and picking up broiler chickens by a carefully designed machine, rather than by hand.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Renal vein renin measurement and arteriography in the investigation and management of severe childhood hypertension.

Forty-two children aged one to sixteen years with persistent and severe hypertension were investigated by renal vein renin measurements. There were no serious complications in the 49 procedures performed and technical failure occurred on three occasions. Arteriography was performed in 35. Asymmetrical renin release was found in 22 patients and of these 15 underwent surgery. This was successful in 12 patients (80%) who became normotensive. Ten had unilateral disease (100% cure rate) but only 2 (40%) with bilateral disease became normotensive. Renal vein renin studies combined with arteriography have a useful role in the investigation and management of childhood hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The temperament of Down's syndrome toddlers and their siblings.

The Toddler Temperament Scale was completed by mothers of 37 Down's syndrome children. Questionnaires were also completed for 13 siblings. Comparisons with standardization scores on the difficult dimensions suggested that the Down's syndrome children were more rhythmic, less intense and of more positive mood than children of the same CA. In addition, they were less withdrawn and more adaptable than children of similar MA. The siblings were more rhythmic than the standardization sample and more persistent than the Down's syndrome children. There was no trend for Down's syndrome ratings to be strongly associated with own-sibling ratings.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1984

Maternal influence on the task behaviour of young Down's syndrome children.

Twenty-one Down's syndrome children (mean CA 45.5 months, SD 12.4; mean MA 24.8 months, SD 7.5) and 13 control children (mean CA 39.9 months, SD 11.6) played with a box which had 10 doors each secured by a different locking device. There were two conditions, one in which their mothers were free to interact with them and one where maternal involvement was restricted. Results showed that mental age was significantly associated with measures of competence and organization. When MA was partialled out as a covariate, group differences remained for the competence measures, relocking behaviours, and aimless actions. The involvement of the mother had a significant effect only in decreasing the aimless actions of the Down's syndrome children.

Achievement↗
PubMed1984

The behaviour of Down's syndrome children using the 'Lock Box': a research note.

A Lock Box for investigating problem-solving behaviour in pre-schoolers was used with seventeen Down's syndrome children (mean CA 37.4 months, S.D. 10.1 months) and seventeen 'normal' children (mean CA 37.4 months, S.D. 10.2 months) while their mothers were present. The behaviour was found to be different for the two groups, with the normal children showing greater competence, more organization and less perseverance. Significant associations between Lock Box measures and the mental age of the Down's syndrome children paralleled those reported by Goodman for older mentally retarded children in a test situation without the mother. The Lock Box is especially appropriate for assessing the ability of language-delayed children and it is suggested that a situation with the mother present may extend its usefulness with very young children.

Attention↗
PubMed1984

Mental development of adults with Down syndrome.

Measures of cognitive, verbal, and functional performance obtained at widely separated time periods were examined for adults with Down syndrome. Comparisons of first and last test profiles for Raven Coloured Progressive Matrices, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, and Adaptive Functioning Index (Social Education) Test all demonstrated significant increases over a mean time span of 5 years. These increases could not be attributed to year of entry into program, history of institutionalization, or age of the individuals. The findings indicate that mental development of adults with Down syndrome continues well into the third and fourth decade of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The temperament of Down's syndrome toddlers: a research note.

A toddler temperament questionnaire was completed by the mothers of fifteen Down's syndrome children who had been assessed two years earlier with the Carey infant temperament questionnaire. The results suggest that infants who have been scored as showing signs of difficult temperament move towards the easier signs on the toddler scale. If these temperament questionnaires are biased by maternal perceptions, this move may reflect a reduced level of maternal anxiety.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1982

Mutagens from the cooking of food. II. Survey by Ames/Salmonella test of mutagen formation in the major protein-rich foods of the American diet.

The formation of mutagens in the major cooked protein-rich foods in the US diet was studied in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium test. The nine protein-rich foods most commonly eaten in the USA--ground beef, beef steak, eggs, pork chops, fried chicken, pot-roasted beef, ham, roast beef and bacon--were examined for their mutagenicity towards S. typhimurium TA1538 after normal 'household' cooking (deep frying, griddle/pan frying, baking/roasting, broiling, stewing, braising or boiling of 100-475 degrees C). Well-done fried ground beef, beef steak, ham pork chops and bacon showed significant mutagen formation. For chicken and beef steak high-temperature broiling produced the most mutagenicity, followed by baking/roasting and frying. Stewing, braising and deep frying produced little mutagen. Eggs and egg products produced mutagens only after cooking at high temperatures (the yolk to a greater extent than the white). Commercially cooked hamburgers showed a wide range of mutagenic activity. We conclude that mutagen formation following cooking of protein-containing foods is a complex function of food type, cooking time and cooking temperature. It seems clear that all the major protein-rich foods if cooked to a well-done state on the griddle (eggs only at temperatures above 225 degrees C) or by broiling will contain mutagens detectable by the Ames/Salmonella assay. This survey is a step towards determining whether any human health hazard results from cooking protein-rich foods. Further testing in both short- and long-term genotoxicity bioassays and carcinogenesis assays are needed before any human risk extrapolations can be made.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Mutagens from the cooking of food. III. Survey by Ames/Salmonella test of mutagen formation in secondary sources of cooked dietary protein.

A survey of mutagen formation during the cooking of a variety of protein-rich foods that are minor sources of protein intake in the American diet is reported (see Bjeldanes, Morris, Felton et al. (1982) for survey of major protein foods). Milk, cheese, tofu and organ meats showed negligible mutagen formation except following high-temperature cooking for long periods of time. Even under the most extreme conditions, tofu, cheese and milk exhibited fewer than 500 Ames/Salmonella typhimurium revertants/100 g equivalents (wet weight of uncooked food), and organ meats only double that amount. Beans showed low mutagen formation after boiling and boiling followed by frying (with and without oil). Only boiling of beans followed by baking for 1 hr gave appreciable mutagenicity (3650 revertants/100g equivalents). Seafood samples gave a variety of results: red snapper, salmon, trout, halibut and rock cod all gave more than 1000 revertants/100 g wet weight equivalents when pan-fried or griddle-fried for about 6 min/side. Baked or poached rock and deep-fried shrimp showed no significant mutagen formation. Broiled lamb chops showed mutagen formation similar to that in red meats tested in the preceding paper: 16,000 revertants/100 g equivalents. These findings show that as measured by bioassay in S. typhimurium, most of the foods that are minor sources of protein in the American diet are also minor sources of cooking-induced mutagens.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Looking behavior of Down syndrome infants.

Eleven Down syndrome infants were individually matched for sex and socioeconomic status with 11 nonretarded children. Looking behavior for the two groups was coded when the children were 6 and 9 months of age while they played with their mothers without toys. No significant group differences were found for maternal looking, holding, and vocalization behavior, but the Down syndrome infants spent almost half the play time looking toward their mother, nearly twice the time spent by the contrast group. Results were discussed in terms of Down syndrome fixation characteristics, maternal behavior, and referential looking.

Attention↗
PubMed1981

The affective response of Down's syndrome infants to a repeated event.

In a study with 17 Down's syndrome infants, the older infants (mean age = 20 months, 6 days) responded to the regular reappearance of a squeaky doll with significantly more affective behavior than did younger infants (mean age = 9 months, 24 days). When the 10 younger infants were included in a longitudinal study of their responses to this same event, the onset of affective behavior was significantly correlated with the mental development index of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, and was also associated with some aspects of temperament as measured by the Carey Survey of Temperamental Characteristics: these aspects were poor adaptability to change and a low tendency to approach new situations.

Affect↗