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Biomedical subjects

P Berry

Publications and source records attributed to P Berry.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Differences between jejunal myoelectric activity after a meal and during phase 2 of migrating motor complexes in healthy humans.

Using an intraluminal probe with six pairs of annular electrodes, the myoelectric activity of the proximal jejunum was recorded during 48-hr sessions in 16 healthy volunteers receiving evening and noon meals (1000 kcal) and breakfast (400 kcal). In 10 subjects receiving no drug, the characteristics of the migrating motor complexes (period, duration of each phase, velocity of propagation of phase 3, duration of the postprandial disruption) varied markedly between subjects but were relatively constant from the first to the second day of recording. Single spike bursts propagated at a rate of 2-5 cm/sec, clusters of 3-10 spike bursts propagated at a rate of 0.5-1 cm/sec, and similar clusters recurring repetitively each 1.5-2 min were observed after the meals and very rarely in the fasted state during phase 2 of nocturnal migrating motor complexes. In six subjects, oral administration of codeine (50 mg) 1 hr before a meal induced migrating motor complexes in the postprandial state, with characteristics similar to that observed in the fasted state except a longer duration of phase 2. Single spike bursts and isolated and repetitive clusters of spike bursts were observed during phase 2 of the codeine-induced migrating motor complexes and after meals preceded by placebo, but very rarely during the phase 2 of nocturnal (fasted state) migrating motor complexes. It is concluded that the patterns of jejunal contractions consisting of propagated single spike bursts and isolated or repetitive spike bursts characterize the postprandial state in healthy humans and are dependent upon digesta flow.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cholecystokinin and gastrin induce cell contraction in pig ileum by interacting with different receptor subtypes.

The aim of this study was to determine the cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor subtype involved in the direct myogenic effect of CCK on pig ileum. Smooth muscle cells were dispersed from pig ileum circular muscle layer and incubated in the presence of various concentrations of CCK agonists and antagonists. Contraction was assessed by measuring the length of 50 cells and expressed as the percentage decrease in cell length from control. Maximal contraction varied between 19% +/- 3% (gastrin II, 10 nmol/L) and 26% +/- 3% [CCK octapeptide (CCK-8), 10 nmol/L]. EC50 for CCK tetrapeptide (CCK-4) was the same than for pentagastrin (30 pmol/L), which were more potent than CCK-8 (100 pmol/L) and unsulfated gastrin 17 (100 pmol/L), which in turn were more potent than unsulfated CCK heptapeptide (CCK-7; 300 pmol/L) and sulfated gastrin II (300 pmol/L). The maximal contraction induced by synthetic analogs of CCK was 22% +/- 1% for 1 nmol/L JMV 170 and 23% +/- 1% for 10 nmol/L JMV 180. EC50 was 10 pmol/L for JMV 170 and 800 pmol/L for JMV 180. Contraction induced by 10 nmol/L CCK was inhibited as follows: L 365,260 half maximal inhibition (IC50) = 1 nmol/L greater than L 364,718 (IC50 = 90 nmol/L) greater than proglumide (IC50 = 1 mumol/L). Contraction induced by 10 nmol/L unsulfated gastrin 17 was inhibited as follows: L 365,260 (IC50 = 1 pmol/L) greater than L 364,718 (IC50 = 60 nmol/L) greater than proglumide (IC50 = 4 mumol/L). Removal of Ca2+ from the extracellular medium did not alter the contraction induced by CCK-8 (10 nmol/L) but impaired the contraction induced by unsulfated gastrin 17 (10 nmol/L) -56% in Ca(2+)-free medium, -77% in Ca(2+)-free medium plus 2 mmol/L EGTA, and -70% in the presence of 1 mumol/L nifedipine. These results show that the CCK receptor of pig ileum smooth muscle cells is closely similar to the B receptor and is not dependent on an influx of extracellular Ca2+ to induce cell contraction. By contrast, gastrin could act through a specific receptor subtype, the "gastrin receptor," triggering a Ca2+ influx into the cell to induce cell contraction.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Diaphragm of inferior vena cava associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome. Contribution of ultrasonography and color Doppler echocardiography].

We report the case of a young man presenting clinical features of portal hypertension of unknown origin. The ultrasonographic examination showed suprahepatic blockage signs leading to the diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome caused by incomplete diaphragm of the inferior vena cava. The color Doppler examination suggested caval obstruction, showing an abrupt shift from a laminar to a bosterous flux. Secondly cavograms and surgery later confirmed the diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Perceptions of mental handicap: a comparison of Australian and Irish school children.

Australian secondary school children (N = 955) were surveyed concerning their perceptions of persons with mental handicap. Data collected related to reactions to meeting a person with disability, helping the handicapped person, responses to specific statements about handicapping conditions, causes of disability and the need for further information about handicaps. Results showed some parallels between Australian and Irish school children with both groups reflecting the positive impact.

Attitude↗
PubMed1991

Physicochemical and bacteriological analysis of the contents of occluded biliary endoprostheses.

The deposits obstructing 12 biliary endoprostheses were examined by scanning electron microscopy and analyzed quantitatively by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Calcium palmitate and bilirubinate associated with proteins were found in all the deposits. Apart from the small amount of cholesterol, this composition closely resembled that of brown pigment gallstones and suggested an infectious cause. Facultative aero-anaerobic organisms were found on bacteriological investigation. beta-Glucuronidase activity was only detected in one sample, suggesting that the calcium bilirubinate may have been formed through tissue glucuronidases. In our study, deposit formation was thought to have been caused by the action of bacterial phospholipases (although not measured) rather than beta-glucuronidases.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Autologous transplantation as a treatment for progressive supranuclear palsy.

Autologous transplantation of the adrenal gland has been attempted as a treatment for severe Parkinson's disease with limited success. Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), a more aggressive neurological entity of similar pathology, is due to a loss of dopamine in the caudate nucleus and putamen. The autologous transplant procedure has been performed on three PSP patients in an effort to restore dopamine to the caudate nucleus and putamen. The rationale and preliminary results of the transplantation procedure are reviewed in this article.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

[Report of a case of post-radiation hepatopathy].

We report the case of a 65 year-old woman treated by radiation therapy alone for Hodgkin's disease. She developed febricule, nonicteric cholestasis, and inflammatory syndrome two months after irradiation. The clinical record, biological and histological results allowed us to dismiss another etiology especially an hepatic location of Hodgkin's disease. Out come after a twenty months predominance of pathohistological abnormalities in the centrilobular region were in favor of a radiation-induced hepatitis.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Prospective assessment of acuity and stereopsis in amblyopic infantile esotropes following early surgery.

Sensory and motor status were evaluated prospectively in a group of 84 infantile esotropes with fixation preference. Treatment consisted of part-time occlusion therapy, spectacles for bilateral hyperopia of 3.0 diopters or more and bimedial rectus recession. Successful occlusion therapy was associated with both a decrease in fixation preference and a "trade-off" in grating acuities of preferred and nonpreferred eyes. Three patients responded to occlusion therapy and spectacles alone; the remaining patients were treated surgically before their first birthday. Adequate alignment was achieved in over 75% of patients. During a mean follow-up of 28 months, 31 patients required further surgery to maintain horizontal and/or vertical alignment. Following occlusion therapy and surgery, acuity development proceeded normally. Postoperatively, approximately 35% of patients had at least gross stereopsis with random dot stereograms.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1989

Metabolic fate of the new anti-ulcer drug enprostil in animals. 1st communication: absorption, distribution and excretion in the mouse, rat and rabbit.

Absorption, distribution and excretion of [3H]-enprostil ((+-)-11a,15a-dihydroxy-9-oxo-16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranorpr osta -4,5,13(t)-trienoic acid methyl ester, TA-84135), a new anti-ulcer prostaglandin, were studied in mice, rats and rabbits. Radioactivity associated with enprostil was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with Tmax values of 15 or 30 min. Absorption was also efficient inasmuch as approximately 80% of an oral dose was recovered in bile and urine in 24 h in bile duct-cannulated rats. Experiments in pylorus-ligated, bile duct-cannulated rats demonstrated that enprostil was mainly absorbed from the intestine, rather than from the stomach. In mice given oral doses of 2, 8 and 32 micrograms/kg, Cmax and AUC values of enprostil radioequivalents increased proportionately to the increase in dose, indicating linear kinetics over this dose range. Distribution of enprostil-associated radioactivity was investigated in rats by quantitating tritium in various tissues after the oral administration of [3H]-enprostil. Radioactivity in tissues was highest at 15 or 30 min after dosing. Highest levels of radioactivity were found in the stomach and intestines, the organs which came into direct contact with the dose, and the liver and kidney, the organs involved in excretion of enprostil. The rate of elimination of enprostil-associated radioactivity from all tissues and from plasma was similar. Enprostil-associated radioactivity did not accumulate in any tissue. Radioactivity was found in fetuses following oral administration of [3H]-enprostil to rats on the 12th or 19th day of gestation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Adrenal medullary transplant as a treatment for Parkinson's disease: perioperative considerations.

Autologous adrenal medullary transplantation, a new treatment for severe Parkinson's disease, is both complex and risky. Detailed planning is essential prior to beginning the procedure, and perioperative concerns unique to the patient and the procedure are challenging. This article reviews rationale for treatment and focuses on preoperative planning and care in addition to intraoperative concerns.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of the stressfulness of harvesting broiler chickens by machine and by hand.

The procedures of manual and machine catching acted as short-term stressors, and induced a state of fear in 8-week-old broiler chickens. The heart rate of birds caught by both methods rose to similar high values but that of birds caught by machine returned to near normal rates more quickly, suggesting that they were less stressed. The duration of tonic immobility, a response which increases with fearfulness, was much longer in manually-caught birds. These results suggest that stress could be reduced and welfare improved by catching and picking up broiler chickens by a carefully designed machine, rather than by hand.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The temperament of Down's syndrome toddlers and their siblings.

The Toddler Temperament Scale was completed by mothers of 37 Down's syndrome children. Questionnaires were also completed for 13 siblings. Comparisons with standardization scores on the difficult dimensions suggested that the Down's syndrome children were more rhythmic, less intense and of more positive mood than children of the same CA. In addition, they were less withdrawn and more adaptable than children of similar MA. The siblings were more rhythmic than the standardization sample and more persistent than the Down's syndrome children. There was no trend for Down's syndrome ratings to be strongly associated with own-sibling ratings.

Child, Preschool↗