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Biomedical subjects

P Bech

Publications and source records attributed to P Bech.

198 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Quantitative rating of manic states. Correlation between clinical assessment and Biegel's Objective Rating Scale.

We have investigated Biegel's manic-state rating scale and found the interrater reliability high when the scale was administered both by nurses and psychiatrists. In our study of validation, we tested each item of the scale for calibration, ascending monotonicity and dispersion parallel to a global clinical assessment of the manic state. Six of the scale items were then found valid and those items differed from the valid items in studies of Biegel by including increased social contact. Like Biegel, we found a positive correlation between items concerned with depressed mood, indicating a fluctuation in the mood of manic patients during 8 hours of observation.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Depression: influence on time estimation and time experience

Time studies are partly concerned with time estimation partly with time experience. In a study of depression both principles were applied. Depression did not influence time estimation, but, on the other hand, the patients did report a slowing down of time (change in time experience). An item analysis of Beck's and Hamilton's rating scales showed that the disturbance in time experience accompanies items referring mainly to mood changes, only to a small extent to somatic symptoms, and not at all to changes in the psychomotor activity.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1973

Cannabis and alcohol: effects on stimulated car driving.

The effects of cannabis and alcohol on simulated car driving were studied. Cannabis resin containing 4 percent Delta(1)-tetrahydrocannabinol was administered orally in three doses equivalent to 8, 12, and 16 milligrams of that component. Alcohol was given orally in one standard dose of 70 grams. Both cannabis and alcohol increased the time required to brake and start, whereas alcohol increased while cannabis decreased the number of gear changes. An effect of dosage on response was observed with cannabis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Diagnostic Melancholia Scale (DMS): dimensions of endogenous and reactive depression with relationship to the Newcastle Scales.

The two diagnostic Newcastle Scales for depression have been evaluated in a drug trial with antidepressants. By use of latent structure analysis (Rasch models) it was found that two dimensions are necessary for describing the diagnosis of depression, one for endogenous features and one for reactive features. Of the depressed patients 50% had a pure endogenous depression, 14% had a pure reactive depression, 32% had mixed endogenous and reactive depression, and 4% had uncertain diagnosis. In the pure endogenous depression group 77% had a monotonically non-decreasing improvement curve during treatment whereas in the other diagnostic categories around 50% had such an improvement.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Combined versus sequential hormonal replacement therapy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study on quality of life-related outcome measures.

BACKGROUND: To compare combined and sequential hormonal replacement therapies to each other as well as placebo in patients suffering from the postmenopausal syndrome. Clinical outcomes were measured concerning both the specific postmenopausal symptoms (using the Kupperman scale) and health or well-being dimensions (using subscales of the General Health Questionnaire and specific depression and anxiety scales). METHODS: A prospective randomized double-blind study over 12 months of 105 normal early postmenopausal women in the setting of a general hospital. RESULTS: Both hormone replacement therapies were superior to placebo on the Kupperman scale (sweating, hot flushing, myalgia and vertigo). The psychic symptoms on the Kupperman scale were psychometrically invalid. However, psychic symptoms as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory and the General Health Questionnaire were significantly improved by the hormonal replacement therapies. No differences were observed when combined therapy was compared to sequential therapy. CONCLUSION: One-year treatment with hormonal replacement therapy is superior to placebo in measuring the somatic and psychic symptoms of the menopausal syndrome. No differences were found in this respect between combined and sequential replacement therapy.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lithium treatment of meniere's disease. Results of a double-blind cross-over trial.

21 patients with Meniere's disease participated in a double-blind, cross-over trial, with 6 months' lithium treatment and 6 months' placebo treatment. Even if the results were not completely unequivocal, no difference was found between lithium and placebo treatment. The results might imply that both other medical as well as surgical treatment of Meniere's disease exert a pure placebo effect; so far no controlled investigation has been published, establishing the value of surgical treatment of Meniere's disease.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CSF total protein: normal values. A re-appraisal and discussion of its value in diagnosis of acoustic neuromas.

A reference material of total cerebrospinal fluid protein (CSF protein) from 53 men and 45 women is presented. Lowry's Folin-phenol method for determining CSF protein has been used unchanged in this laboratory since 1964, with normal values ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 g/l. In this new reference material higher values were found with the 0.05--0.95 fractile interval for normal CSF protein determined to 0.29--0.88 g/l. This implies that the value of determining CSF protein in diagnosis of acoustic neuromas is most questionable. Among the medium sized tumours there were statistically significant increased values, but no clinical significance. The large tumours showed both statistically as well as clinically significant increased protein, but these tumours can be easily diagnosed by other means. A more detailed determination of CSF protein is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rating scales for states for anxiety, depression, mania and schizophrenia. A multiaxial approach.

Rating scales are considered to be an efficient instrument in the assessment of treatment effect, and during the last 25 years a number of rating scales has been constructed for measuring states of anxiety, depression, mania and schizophrenia. The paper describes some of the most frequently used scales. Time has come to coordinate the existing rating scales and to agree upon common operational definitions in the judgement of psychopathological symptoms. Basic practical guidelines to be used in both clinical practice and research are given.

Anxiety↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rating scales in psychopharmacology. Statistical aspects.

The scaling problem of measurement of clinical data in psychiatry should be differed from, although connected with, the statistical problem of statistical significance testing in psychopharmacological trials. The scaling levels (ordinal versus interval) of a rating scale as well as the statistical tests (non-parametric versus parametric) are different in Phase II and Phase III trials. Sufficient statistics of improvement curves and of recovery rates are discussed.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗