The application of capillary zone electrophoresis in the assay of the tricyclic antidepressant drug, dothiepin, in tablets is discussed. The method developed for dothiepin which exists as the cis- and trans-isomers and contains two major related impurities, an 11-oxo compound and a propanamine, utilizes inclusion complexation with beta-cyclodextrin. For optimization of the method the structured procedure of factorial design was used; the electrolyte solution was 50 mM disodium hydrogen phosphate with 10 mM beta-cyclodextrin-propan-1-ol(90:10, v/v). Good precision (RSD = 1.06%, n = 6), linearity (y = 26.84x + 2.25), and correlation (r = 0.999, n = 7) was obtained for trans-dothiepin. The reproducibility of tablet extraction was also acceptable (RSD = 0.77%, n = 6); the recovery of the trans-isomer was 98% (w/w) and the level of cis-isomer in tablets of dothiepin (75 mg) was 5.58% (w/w).

Cyclodextrins↗

PubMedDate not supplied

3D bolus tracking with frequency-shifted BURST MRI.

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to develop and test a 3D bolus-tracking MR technique for perfusion imaging of normal and pathological (infarcted) human brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All experiments were performed on standard 1.5 T GE/Signa clinical scanners. Five normal volunteers and one patient with a subacute brain infarct were studied. Modified [frequency-shifted (FS)] BURST MRI was performed during injection of a bolus of Gd-DTPA (0.13 mmol/kg) in the antecubital vein. The 3D datasets were acquired with a time resolution of 2.2 s and an effective spatial resolution of 4.3 x 4.3 x 6.4 mm. Three-dimensional maps of blood volume and bolus arrival time were determined by fitting a synthetic curve to the intensity time course on a voxel-by-voxel basis. RESULTS: Both relative cerebral blood volume and arrival time maps demonstrated sensitivity to regional differences in blood supply in both normal brain and in the subacute brain infarction. The transit time maps showed arrival time delays of 5-7 s within and around the infarct and confirmed the diagnosis of left middle cerebral artery occlusion. CONCLUSION: The results of the measurements on both normal and diseased human brain demonstrated the ability to acquire valuable 3D information about brain perfusion using FS BURST MRI.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

From chaos to complex order: personal values and resources in the process of psychotherapy.

TOPIC: Chaos as a scientific metaphor for the therapeutic relationship. PURPOSE: To provide an approach to psychotherapy of a psychotic experience through aspects of a single case. SOURCES: Selective literature review and author's clinical work. CONCLUSIONS: Appreciation of the water metaphor, and its deployment within Eastern philosophy and psychology, may help Western therapists develop further traditional interpersonal relations today.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The tidal model: developing a person-centered approach to psychiatric and mental health nursing.

TOPIC: Overview of the theoretical and practical basis of a new model of psychiatric and mental health nursing practice. PURPOSE: To illustrate the history of the development of the model and some of the processes that aim to re-empower the patient and develop genuinely collaborative approaches to care. SOURCES: Literature review, author's research, and related clinical experience. CONCLUSIONS: The Tidal Model provides a practice framework for the exploration of the patient's need for nursing and the provision of individually tailored care.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Treating the untreatable.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Common sense caring.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Empathy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The philosophy of psychiatric nursing.

In this panoramic overview of the meanings of mental health care, Philip Barker maps out the birth (or rebirth) of the philosophy of psychiatric nursing. The time is ripe for a fundamental re-examination of the main premises and values of the nursing culture, and for the rejection of concepts which have outlived their usefulness. Returning the focus of psychiatric nursing to the identity of the person in care, the 'binding' of the nurse and patient, regardless of conventional and expected roles, is the most important issue on the psychiatric agenda. Dr. Barker's brilliant analysis challenges psychiatric nurses to review their own values and practices, and acts as a catalyst for change.

Communication↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Perceptions of the psychiatric nurse's role: a pilot study.

In this article, the authors report on a face-to-face survey of members of the public regarding the role of psychiatric nurses. One open-ended question was asked of 100 pedestrians in a city centre. The resulting data were analysed and then validated by a panel of senior psychiatric nurses. The researchers found a generally positive perception of the role, certainly in relation to the esteem in which nurses continue to be held, but detected that the stigma of mental illness still surrounds those who have to come in contact with mental health professionals. The researchers believe mental health nurses must be better prepared to articulate their contribution to mental health care to counteract public fear, and that the media can play an important role in this process.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Condom use and HIV risk behaviors among U.S. adults: data from a national survey.

CONTEXT: How much condom use among U.S. adults varies by type of partner or by risk behavior is unclear. Knowledge of such differentials would aid in evaluating the progress being made toward goals for levels of condom use as part of the Healthy People 2000 initiative. METHODS: Data were analyzed from the 1996 National Household Survey of Drug Abuse, an annual household-based probability sample of the noninstitutionalized population aged 12 and older that measures the use of illicit drugs, alcohol and tobacco. The personal behaviors module included 25 questions covering sexual activity in the past year, frequency of condom use in the past year, circumstances of the last sexual encounter and HIV testing. RESULTS: Sixty-two percent of adults reported using a condom at last intercourse outside of an ongoing relationship, while only 19% reported using condoms when the most recent intercourse occurred within a steady relationship. Within ongoing relationships, condom use was highest among respondents who were younger, black, of lower income and from large metropolitan areas. Forty percent of unmarried adults used a condom at last sex, compared with the health objective of 50% for the year 2000. Forty percent of injecting drug users used condoms at last intercourse, compared with the 60% condom use objective for high-risk individuals. Significantly, persons at increased risk for HIV because of their sexual behavior or drug use were not more likely to use condoms than were persons not at increased risk; only 22% used condoms during last intercourse within an ongoing relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial progress has been made toward national goals for increasing condom use. The rates of condom use by individuals at high risk of HIV need to be increased, however, particularly condom use with a steady partner.

Adult↗