Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Barclay

Publications and source records attributed to P Barclay.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Comparison of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis in patients with disk displacement in the temporomandibular joint.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to validate the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) for the diagnostic subgroup of disk displacement with reduction, with magnetic resonance imaging used as a gold standard. STUDY DESIGN: The diagnoses from the clinical examination of 78 joints in 39 patients, each with disk displacement with reduction in at least one TMJ, were compared with magnetic resonance imaging diagnoses. The readers of the magnetic resonance images were blinded to the clinical diagnoses. The data analysis included kappa statistics and calculation of predictive values. RESULTS: The predictive value of the RDC/TMD for disk displacement with reduction was 0.65. For disk displacement alone-the movement of the disk on opening not being considered-the predictive value was 0.92. The diagnostic agreement between RDC/TMD and magnetic resonance imaging diagnoses for all joints examined was 53.8%. Most of the disagreement was due to false negative clinical diagnoses for asymptomatic joints. CONCLUSIONS: A positive RDC/TMD examination is predictive for internal derangement but not reliable with regard to the type of disk displacement; such examination is therefore of limited value in determining the true disk position and its functional movements.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Maintenance therapy with oral ganciclovir after treatment of cytomegalovirus infection.

While oral ganciclovir (OGCV) has been used as primary prophylaxis in patients at high risk for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after solid organ transplantation, its value in secondary prophylaxis is unknown. We have examined the use of OGCV as maintenance therapy following confirmed CMV infection on 16 occasions in 15 patients, in kidney (n = 4), kidney-pancreas (n = 3) lung (n = 6) and heart-lung (n = 1) recipients. OGCV was used in two distinct clinical situations. One group (n = 7) received OGCV as consolidation therapy (mean duration of 21 +/- 5 d) following i.v. ganciclovir induction therapy (mean duration of 16 +/- 5 d) for acute CMV infection, and sustained remission was achieved in 6/7 patients for a median follow-up of 300 d. In the second scenario, OGCV suppressed clinical disease in all patients with relapsing CMV infection (n = 9), with minimal or absent toxicity with a median follow-up of 152 d. OGCV reduced morbidity by allowing removal of central lines used for long-term i.v. therapy in patients with poor peripheral access. Hence, this study demonstrates the safe and effective use of OGCV as consolidation therapy after standard induction treatment with i.v. ganciclovir, and as long-term suppressive therapy in transplant recipients with recurrent CMV infection.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

The mechanism of cyclosporine toxicity induced by clarithromycin.

AIMS: Recently a number of case reports have described the interaction of clarithromycin with cyclosporine A, resulting in cyclosporine toxicity. This interaction is presumed to take place via the hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme system. METHODS: Following a case of cyclosporine toxicity and acute renal failure in a transplant patient started on clarithromycin, we investigated the effect of oral clarithromycin on the hepatic P450 system in five healthy normal male volunteers, by means of the erythromycin breath test. RESULTS: Cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A) activity was reduced in all subjects by a mean level of 26% following clarithromycin treatment. This would result in a significant reduction in cyclosporine clearance in patients receiving clarithromycin. CONCLUSIONS: As clarithromycin was shown to inhibit CYP3A activity in all subjects tested, we recommend that a high degree of caution be exercised when clarithromycin is administered to patients receiving cyclosporine therapy or other drugs known to be eliminated by CYP3A-mediated metabolism.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

Semantic priming: subliminal perception or context?

Briefly presented, masked priming stimuli that cannot be identified by themselves can affect the processing of subsequent targets. The effect, which is sometimes viewed as a demonstration of unconscious processing, has been linked to the subliminal perception literature. Experiments 1 and 2 indicated that the identification of primes in the context of semantically related targets is superior to the identification of primes presented alone, and that the identification of primes in the context of semantically unrelated targets is inferior to the identification of primes presented alone. Experiment 3 indicated parallel findings in a recognition task. Consequently, an explanation of semantic priming in terms of the interactive nature of stimuli that are near to one another in time seems preferable to one based upon concepts of unconscious processing and subliminal perception.

Adult↗