To evaluate drug utilization during the last 15 days of pregnancy, one hundred six women were interviewed post-delivery in the CHU Bretonneau in Tours. Eighty-three percent received at least one drug during the 15 days preceding delivery and 27% more than 3 different drugs. Treatments for venous disorders (31% of patients), iron (31%), analgesics (25%), antacids (11%), magnesium (11%) and laxatives (11%) were most frequently used. In 92% of cases the drug was prescribed. Five women received a drug with potential risk for the neonate. However only one infant developed and adverse effect, possibly due to benzodiazepine (hypotonia).

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Duodenal ulcer: long-term treatment].

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Anti-Ulcer Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparison of plasma concentration and tolerance of a single dose of human calcitonin by intradermal and subcutaneous administration].

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to compare plasmatic levels of calcitonin obtained after intradermic (ID) and usual subcutaneous (SC) route of administration. PATIENTS METHOD: 6 volunteers between 18 and 40 years old received calcitonin 0.5 mg (Cibacalcin, Ciba-Geigy Laboratory) by ID and SC routes in a random order but at the same site of injection. Each administration was spaced by 8 days. Plasmatic levels were measured by R.I.A. before administration then 2 (M2), 7 (M7), 15 (M15), 30 (M30) minutes and 1 (H1), 2 (H2), 4 (H4), 8 (H8), 12 (H12) hours after each administration. RESULTS: Tmax were at 23.6 +/- 10 min and 16.2 +/- 7.5 min for SC and ID routes respectively. With ID route, Tmax was reached simultaneously or earlier (3 times). Cmax is significantly higher with ID route. Neither mean plasmatic levels at each plasmatic dosage nor mean areas under the curve between 0 to 1,440 min or between 0 to 480 min (this latest AUC calculate to minimize the importance of calcitonin basal level) were significantly different with ID and SC routes. 16 mild side effects (8 with each administration) were observed in 4 subjects. They appeared before 5 min. and were transient (1 hour) for cutaneous manifestations, and later between hours 3 and 7 for nausea and vomiting or asthenia. The mean lowering of calcemia was 0.29 +/- 0.21 and 0.18 +/- 0.11 mmol/l respectively for SC and ID route. In this study ID and SC routes for calcitonin administration are not different with regard to plasma levels and side effects.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunology of inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract].

The etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases is unknown: infectious factors have been suspected but couldn't be confirmed. The multifactorial origin remains the most credible. The development of immunologic knowledge and in particular of the digestive immune system, has allowed to evoke the responsibility of immunologic abnormalities in the genesis, the chronicity or the recidive of inflammatory bowel disease, the more that the histologic lesions evoke an immune mediated pathology. An increased production of mucosal immunoglobulins exist in the inflammatory bowel diseases; some have a specificity for bacterial antigens; the activation of the complement is observed during acute access of the disease. Mucosal or circulating lymphocytes are cytotoxic in vitro for colonic epithelial cells, this reaction being modulated by seric factors and bacterial antigens. The T lymphocytes are increased in the mucosa without the ratio T helper/T suppressor being significantly modified. The immunoregulation is also perturbed, the modulation of the local immune reaction being altered essentially during the active phases of the disease. It is not clear yet whether this perturbation is primitive or secondary to inflammation. It seems reasonable to believe that the humoral and cellular responses to digestive antigens are the corollary of an enhanced antigenic absorption, of a more adequate antigenic presentation to the immune system, consequence of the expression of class II antigens by an inflamed mucosa and of an alteration of immune control.

Antibody Formation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Fructosamine and HbA1c during monitoring of glucose levels in diabetes].

The authors compared the nycthemeral variations of fructosamine levels in nineteen patients with diabetes to fluctuations in their glucose levels. Thirty-five other patients with poorly controlled diabetes were given an optimal treatment then followed up for 2 months (mean glucose levels, fructosamine and HbA1c assays). Mean nycthemeral variations in fructosamine levels did not appear to be correlated with glucose levels. However, intraindividual nycthemeral variability was greater than the analytic variability. After correction for total protein levels this variability was smaller but remained significative. In this longitudinal study, fructosamine and HbA1c levels decreased when control of glucose levels improved. However, decreases were notably greater in HbA1c than in fructosamine compared at 15, 45 and 60 days of follow up. Inversely, fructosamine was correlated better with the mean glucose levels of the preceding 7 days than was HbA1c. When mean glucose levels were calculated for the 15, 30, 45 and 60 preceding days, the results favored HbA1c. The findings presented in this study show that HbA1c remains the best criteria for monitoring medium term glucose levels. However, further word is needed before this conclusion can be confirmed.

Biomarkers↗

PubMedDate not supplied