Biomedical subjects

P Ballard

Publications and source records attributed to P Ballard.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1987

Anaesthesia for patients with cardiac disease. Intraoperative management.

The risks of anaesthesia and surgery may be very much higher for patients with cardiac disease than for healthy patients. Now that the chief risk factors are known, efforts to identify and correct cardiovascular perturbations during anaesthesia in patients with these factors are likely to be rewarded by lower morbidity and mortality. Extensive cardiovascular monitoring techniques widely used in anaesthesia for cardiac surgery are applicable in patients with cardiac disease undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

Anesthesia↗

PubMed1986

Malignant lymphomas and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Evaluation of 30 cases using a working formulation.

Malignant lymphomas occurring in 29 homosexual men and one thalassemic woman with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex are reported using a working formulation for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs). The patients' ages ranged from 25 to 59 years, with an average age of 42 years. Ninety percent of the cases were extranodal; 67% were exclusively extranodal. One case of Hodgkin's disease was encountered. All NHLs were of the diffuse types in both the intermediate- and high-grade categories, with the largest single group (49%) being of the diffuse, large, follicular-center-cell types. The NHLs in this series were classifiable as B-cell neoplasms and were aggressive as evidenced by markedly reduced median survivals. The morphological diagnosis as defined in the working formulation, especially for the intermediate-grade lesions, offered little significant prognostic information.

AIDS-Related Complex↗

PubMed1985

Effects of a protein-free, synthetic surfactant on survival and pulmonary function in preterm lambs.

We have created a totally synthetic, protein-free surfactant (Exosurf) composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, hexadecanol, and tyloxapol. We studied the effects of endotracheal instillation of Exosurf on survival and pulmonary function of preterm lambs delivered at 131 to 133 days gestation (term 148 days). Exosurf treatment was compared with instillation of surface-active material prepared from lung lavages of adult sheep and with no instillation. Lambs were delivered by cesarean section, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated. The Exosurf group survived longer (80% alive at 11 hours) than did the no instillation group (30% alive at 11 hours) (P less than 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the Exosurf and sheep surfactant groups. We conclude that Exosurf, a synthetic surfactant, produces significant improvement in survival and pulmonary function in preterm lambs.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): implications for treatment and the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.

Our experience in treating 7 patients with moderate to severe parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is reviewed. Virtually all of the problems typically encountered with dopamine precursor and agonist therapy in treating Parkinson's disease have been observed during a one and one half year follow-up period, including "end-of-dose" deterioration (or "wearing off"), "peak-dose" dyskinesias, "on-off" phenomena, and psychiatric complications. These have occurred much earlier than is typically seen when treating the idiopathic disease. This rapid evolution of therapeutic side-effects favors the view that at least some of the complications of dopamine precursor therapy may be related to severity of disease rather than the length of levodopa therapy. Finally, we suggest that the occurrence of this full array of therapeutic complications in patients with MPTP-induced parkinsonism furthers the analogy between this syndrome ane Parkinson's disease.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗

PubMed1983

Chronic Parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis.

Four persons developed marked parkinsonism after using an illicit drug intravenously. Analysis of the substance injected by two of these patients revealed primarily 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) with trace amounts of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxy-piperidine (MPPP). On the basis of the striking parkinsonian features observed in our patients, and additional pathological data from one previously reported case, it is proposed that this chemical selectively damages cells in the substantia nigra.

Adult↗

PubMed1983