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Biomedical subjects

P Bailey

Publications and source records attributed to P Bailey.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Influence of thyroid hormones on morning and evening TSH response to TRH in major depression.

The serum levels of thyroid hormones and thyrotropin (TSH) were evaluated before and after 8 PM and 11 PM thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) challenges, on the same day, in 41 drug-free DSM-III-R euthyroid major depressed inpatients and 16 hospitalized controls. Depressed patients exhibited elevated circulating concentrations of thyroid hormones, which were associated with and may have contributed to the blunted TSH response to TRH. This was confirmed by: (a) higher basal levels (albeit not always statistically significant) of free triiodothyronine (FT3B) and free thyroxine (FT4B) at 8 AM and 11 PM in the depressed patient population compared with the controls; (b) lower basal levels of TSH in the depressed subjects (even though this was only statistically significant at the 11 PM sampling) compared with the controls; (c) blunted TSH response to TRH (delta TSH) in the depressed group (although this was only statistically significant at 11 PM) and blunted delta delta TSH values (differences between 11 PM-delta TSH and 8 AM-delta TSH).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Negative symptoms in schizophrenia: considerations for clinical trials. Working group on negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

There is little agreement about the methodology of clinical trials of antipsychotic drugs in patients with negative symptoms. A literature review revealed wide variation in experimental design, rating scales and study duration. This reflects differing views as to the definition and response to treatment of negative symptoms. Some degree of standardization would improve comparability of studies and aid the development of new compounds. Patients included in such studies should have displayed negative symptoms for at least 6 months. Depressive symptoms, positive schizophrenic symptoms and extrapyramidal signs may all influence or be confused with negative symptoms and may respond to treatment; they should be at a low level at baseline and should be measured during the study period. Studies should last at least 8 weeks. Several scales are available for measuring negative symptoms and are reviewed; a global impression score should be used additionally.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1993

Neuroendocrine profile of SDZ HDC-912 and OPC-4392, two new atypical antipsychotic drugs, in schizophrenic patients.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary dopaminergic system of two new atypical antipsychotic drugs: the ergoline derivative SDZ HDC-912, which is a dopamine (DA) D2 receptor partial agonist; and the quinolinone derivative OPC-4392, which acts as an agonist at presynaptic DA autoreceptors and as an antagonist at post-synaptic D2 receptors. The effects of both compounds were compared to the effects of the benzamide derivative amisulpride. Prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) levels before and after challenge with apomorphine (Apo), a dopaminergic agonist, were determined after at least 2 weeks washout and again after 1 month of treatment in DSM-III-R schizophrenic inpatients. SDZ HDC-912 significantly decreased Apo-induced PRL inhibition, and tended to decrease PRL secretion and Apo-induced GH stimulation. OPC-4392 induced a significant decrease in baseline PRL and in Apo-induced PRL suppression, and a non-significant decrease in Apo-induced GH stimulation. The neuroendocrine profiles of these two compounds agree with their dopaminergic properties; however, the decrease in PRL basal level differentiates the two drugs from neuroleptic agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of hemophilia A with a highly purified factor VIII concentrate prepared by anti-FVIIIc immunoaffinity chromatography.

To reduce the risk of pathogenic virus transmission associated with the therapeutic administration of plasma-derived anti-hemophilic factor (FVIIIc), a process utilizing anti-FVIIIc immunoaffinity chromatography to isolate FVIIIc has been developed. In addition, the starting cryoprecipitate solution has been treated with an organic solvent/detergent mixture to inactivate lipid-enveloped viruses. A final ion exchange chromatography step is used to further remove contaminants, e.g., anti-FVIIIc antibody, potentially leached with FVIIIc during the immunoaffinity step. The purified FVIII is stabilized for lyophilization and storage by the addition of human albumin. The monoclonal anti-FVIIIc antibody used in the immunoaffinity step of the process is not detectable in the final preparation. Viral reduction studies performed at specific steps of the process demonstrate that 11 logs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and greater than 4-5 logs of other lipid-enveloped viruses are inactivated within the first 30 s of exposure to the solvent/detergent mixture and 4-5 logs of various model viruses, e.g. Endomyocarditis virus (EMC), are physically removed during washing of the immunoaffinity column. The lyophilized product is reconstituted using sterile water in a matter of seconds. The pharmacokinetics of Hemofil M were compared to those obtained using a standard heat-treated concentrate (Hemofil CT) in five severe factor VIII deficient hemophiliacs in a randomized, cross-over study. No statistically significant differences were observed in mean half life (p greater than 0.6) or median recovery (p = 0.4) between the two preparations. No clinically significant adverse effects were observed in patients receiving either FVIII preparation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Management and treatment of diarrhea in Honduran children: factors associated with mothers' health care behaviors.

Data from the 1984 National Maternal-Child Health and Family Planning Survey in Honduras showed that one fifth (n = 711) of the children under five had experienced diarrhea on the day of the interview or the two days preceding the interview. The health care behaviors of the mothers of these children and the factors associated with these behaviors were the focus of this study. Only 22% of the mothers consulted medical personnel concerning the diarrhea episode; 74% treated their children with some type of medication while only 17% of the children received the recommended treatment, oral rehydration therapy. Most children were treated inappropriately, often receiving a combination of antibiotics, antidiarrheals and other drugs. Bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that the variables that most consistently predicted any and all three of the behaviors were the child's age and the severity of symptoms. Mothers of children two years and older were less likely to consult or use ORT than mothers of children 6-23 months of age. Mothers whose children's diarrhea had lasted three or more days or who were vomiting were usually twice as likely to consult, give any type of treatment, or give ORT than mothers whose children had diarrhea for fewer days or who were not vomiting.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Estimating infant mortality rates prospectively in Honduras.

In order to determine the validity of infant mortality estimates based on retrospective reporting, the Honduran Ministry of Health carried out a follow-up survey of women interviewed in a 1987 national survey. Women were interviewed approximately 14 months after the baseline survey and were asked about the outcomes of their pregnancies and the survival status of their young children. The overall infant mortality rate calculated from the follow-up survey was lower than that obtained from the baseline survey, due to the particularly low rate among the group of women who were pregnant at the time of the baseline survey. Possible explanations for this low rate are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Changes in nursing students' knowledge about and attitudes toward research following an undergraduate research course.

This study examined changes in baccalaureate nursing students' attitudes toward and knowledge about research, following completion of a research course. The teaching methods used in the course included having students critique research articles, complete objective examinations, and work in small groups to develop research proposals. The sample of 54 students completed a pretest and two post-tests measuring research knowledge, and a pretest and one post-test measuring research attitudes. The pretest was administered at the beginning of the research course, and the first post-test was administered at the end of the course. The second post-test was administered during the students' last semester in the nursing programme. Students reported more positive attitudes toward research at the end of the programme than at the beginning of the course. Knowledge scores were significantly higher at the end of the course than at the beginning of the course or at the end of the programme. There was no differences in knowledge scores on the pretest and on the second post-test. The findings raise questions about the effectiveness of traditional research curricula in preparing baccalaureate nursing students to be competent research consumers.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

Needs and anxiety levels in relatives of intensive care unit patients.

The purpose of this study was to explore the perceived needs and anxiety levels of adult family members of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The study was conducted over a 3-month period, on a convenience sample of 166 subjects selected from the total adult population of family members visiting an ICU patient in three Sudbury hospitals. Data were gathered using a self-report questionnaire, the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI) and Spielberger's State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Interviews were conducted in French or English according to the subject's preference. The major variables examined were: family needs; state and trait anxiety; on-site sources of worry; spiritual needs; level of knowledge of ICU from past experience or pre-surgery education; sociodemographic data. The Situational Anxiety Scale yielded a mean score of 45.24 and the Trait Anxiety Scale a mean score of 37.3. Inferential statistics demonstrated that family needs and situational anxiety were significantly related (P less than 0.0002). Furthermore, worries, trait anxiety, age and family needs explained 38% of the variation of situational anxiety. As well, spiritual needs and situational anxiety explained 33% of the variation of family needs.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

[Transcultural validation of a measurement scale].

This monography presents the validation study results of a new scale to measure family needs: The Family Needs Inventory (IBF) (Chartier and Coutu-Wakulczyk, 1988). The scale is available in both French and English from the Departement des sciences infirmières of the Université de Sherbrooke. Based on a perceptual framework, the IBF is a self-report scale composed of 33 items. It offers three different subscores of the importance of needs: the global score of needs, the intensity need index and the total number of needs. The IBF was validated on a sample of 400 subjects. These subjects were drawn from the adult population of immediate family members visiting a patient in surgical or medical intensive care units in three different geographical regions, in Québec, northeast Ontario and France. The reliability yielded a 0.90 Cronback Alpha coefficient and the homogeneity coefficient for Spearman-Brown and Guttman procedures were 0.88 respectively. The principal component factor analysis and factorial matrices lead to examine the conceptual structure of five independent factors.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed1991

Verbal short-term memory span in speech-disordered children: implications for articulatory coding in short-term memory.

One influential explanation of the development of verbal short-term memory in children argues that short-term memory capacity is a direct function of speech rate. This theory predicts that children with pathologically slow speech will show reduced verbal short-term memory capacity and will show less evidence of speech-base coding on verbal memory tasks. To test this prediction, verbal short-term memory span was assessed using a task that did not require a verbal response in 37 speech-disordered children and 37 age- and sex-matched controls (age range 4-15 years). The speech-disordered group had a significantly lower short-term memory capacity, a smaller word length effect, and reduced speech-motor activity during rehearsal periods. Covariance analyses revealed that these differences were not a function of general intellectual or motor speed differences between the groups, and that speech rate as a covariate abolished group differences in short-term memory. These results suggest that speech rate may be a causal determinant of verbal short-term memory capacity.

Adolescent↗