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Biomedical subjects

P B Schneider

Publications and source records attributed to P B Schneider.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Suicide risk and care of suicide attempters].

Starting from the notion of suicidal risk and a critique of its usage, it is possible to distinguish groups whose suicidal risk is particularly high. The suicidal group-composed of persons who have already attempted to commit suicide once-is in this paper the subject of general considerations as well as personal research. The latter shows that it is still difficult to detect those persons who are about to commit suicide and that tell-tale signs-be they clinical or resulting from tests-are still not very reliable. The difficulties encountered by secondary prevention are made obvious by two pieces of research done on the taking in charge of suicide-prone persons in a university general hospital. the timely recognition of the pre-suicidal syndrome and of the self-denial syndrome is very important for suicide prevention. Self-depreciation, and consequently the narcissistic blow is, as are the aggression phenomena, one of the psychological cores which lead to an act of suicide. Medical attitudes concerning the suicidal person are analyzed, and the difficulty in the psychotherapeutic relationship is stressed. Pratical considerations on the psychotherapeutic approach to the suicidal person close up the article.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The psychotherapy of the psychosomatic patient.

On the basis of a relatively restricted definition of psychotherapy, the authors describe some of the reasons why psychotherapy is rather seldom used for psychosomatic patients, on an individual or a group basis. Some details are then given about two other kinds of treatment which contain some elements of psychotherapy, and which have been developed in Lausanne as a consequence of the analysis of the early transactions between the psychosomatic patient and his attendants: (1) a bio-feedback method, whose technical aspect is used as a tool towards a more global approach, through encouraging insight and verbalization on the part of the patient; (2) an interdisciplinary approach by physiotherapists, psychiatrists and somaticians, working together in different modalities, adapted to the different cases.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMed1979

Simple, rapid thyroid function testing with 99mTc-pertechnetate thyroid uptake ratio and neck/thigh ratio.

To avoid the technical difficulties and errors inherent in the measurement of early thyroid uptake of 99mTcO4-,techniques which are independent of absolute uptake, neck extrathyroidal background and dose standards were evaluated in a series of 108 patients. After intravenous injection of 2 mCi 99mTcO4-, radioactivity was recorded over the neck and thigh. Thyroid uptake ratios were calculated as the ratios of activity over the neck at two times. A neck/thigh ratio was calculated from the recorded activities at 15 min after injection. Examination of these parameters showed that a combination of the 15 min neck/thigh ratio and the 10'/2' thyroid uptake ratio best served to discriminate thyroid function: 92% of hyperthyroid cases were correctly identified by a neck/thigh ratio above 4.7 and 95% of hypothyroid cases were identified by the combination of a neck/thigh ratio below 3 and a 10'/2' thyroid uptake ratio below 1. Correct classification of euthyroidism was 84% but with the exclusion of patients previously treated with 131I, this rose to 91%. The accuracy of the 99mTc procedure is comparable to that of the standard 24 hr 131I uptake run concurrently in this series and duplicates the accuracy of computer assisted determinations of absolute thyroid 99mTcO4- uptakes. The procedure provides a convenient method for the evaluation of thyroid function as an accompaniment to 99mTcO4- thyroid imaging.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

[The study of psychotherapy. Analysis of the psychotherapies given in an ambulatory psychiatric service].

Using critisized statistical technics, the authors have studied the psychotherapies done at a given time in a university psychiatric outpatient clinic. Thereupon they display some correlations, more specifically, the importance of sex gender, of patients' socio-cultural level, of unconscious socio-cultural stereotypes present in the therapists, of diagnosis and of the motivation to seek treatment by psychotherapy. Statistical analysis allows a more coherent approach of these problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Thyrotropin stimulation of 32P incorporation into the phospholipids of canine thyroid adenocarcinoma.

Six carcinomas of the canine thyroid were studied. Five of the six tumors were functional on 131I scan and caused hyperthyroidism in two cases. The tumors were all of predominantly compact cellular histology with rare to moderate numbers of microfollicles. After surgical removal tumor slices were incubated with 32P in Krebs-Ringer-tris buffer with or without 0.1 U/ml of bovine TSH, and the specific activity of the extracted phospholipids was measured. TSH stimulated phosphatide turnover clearly in 5 cases and probably also in the 6th. Analysis of fractionated phospholipids in 2 cases showed that the response to TSH was mainly in the phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol. These studies show that a malignant tumor may still retain at least one complete control system extending from TSH receptors to the final metabolic response.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Uptake of bone imaging agents by diffuse pulmonary metastatic calcification.

Three cases of diffuse lung uptake of the bone scanning agent 99mTc diphosphonate, which appears to reflect metastatic pulmonary calcification, are described. Each patient had hypercalcemia and renal failure. Clinical features common to patients with this scan pattern were ascertained from a review of the literature. Renal failure was present in all, and the majority have had hypercalcemia. The bone scan may prove to be a valuable adjunct to the diagnosis of metastatic pulmonary calcification; this characteristic pattern should be more widely appreciated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

A sensitive radioenzymatic assay for glycerol and acylglycerols.

A sensitive radioenzymatic assay for glycerol and acylglycerols is described. The assay depends on the quantitative phosphorylation of glycerol to glycerophosphate by glycerol kinase using [gamma-32P]ATP as a substrate. The 32P content of the formed glycerophosphate is determined and gives a measure of the original glycerol content. Acylglycerols can be determined by prior hydrolysis to glycerol. The assay is sensitive to about 0.1 nmol of glycerol and can be extended to 100 nmol. The assay can be applied to the determination of acylglycerols separated by thin-layer chromatography in amounts as low as 0.5 nmol. The assay is particularly useful in the determination of the specific activity of 14C- or 3H-labeled glycerol moeities.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Stimulation by serum of 32P incorporation into the phospholipids of Ehrlich ascites cells.

Ehrlich ascites cells adapted for suspension culture were incubated with 32PO43- in a Krebs-Ringer-HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethyl-piperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonate) buffer with or without 5% calf serum. Specific activity was determined for cellular [gamma-32P]ATP, total phospholipids, and the individual phospholipids fractionated by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. Serum stimulated the incorporation of 32P into the phosphatides with a 2-3-fold increase in specific activity of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Phosphatidylinositol showed a moderate increase. Phosphatidic acid showed an increase that could be accounted for by a parallel small increase in the specific activity of precursor [gamma-32P]-ATP. The effect os serum could be discerned as early as 10 min after its addition. Complete inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide or puromycin did not interfere with the serum stimulation of 32P incorporation into lipids, indicating that the serum effect is not dependent on synthesis of new protein. Incubation with palmitic acid caused a marked increase of phosphatidylinositol specific activity, little change in specific activity of phosphatidic acid but a tripling of its total amount, and no changes in the other phosphatides. Oleic acid caused only a small increase in phosphatidylinositol specific activity and no significant changes in the other lipids.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Indication for psychiatric hospitalization. Critical retrospective study on 416 admissions to the psychiatric hospital].

The authors have strained themselves to value subsequently the legitimacy of the psychiatric admittances that had been requested during the year 1967 for 368 patients already known by their Department: the out-patient psychiatric clinic of Lausanne. In order to that, every case has been referred to several psychiatrists, and the concordance between the opinions expressed by these psychiatrists, in terms of many variables, like the diagnosis or the reason of the admittance, has been examined.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1976

[Contribution to the study of suicide prevention. Study of a group of 372 subjects from 28 to 35 years after attempted suicide].

The authors have treated the subsequent lives of 372 suicide attempters and have made a new follow-up study 28 to 35 years after the suicide attempt. They reveal a general excess deathrate in this sample of medical, surgical and psychiatric clinic patients, and a considerable excess deathrate by suicide as compared with the population as a whole. These two types of excess deathrate persist throughout the follow-up period. Conclusions on suicide prevention are drawn from the results. After describing the three main groups of dead, deceased by suicide, and living subjects, the authors compare those deceased by suicide with those deceased from other causes, and those deceased by suicide with subjects of the other two groups in search of possible group characteristics of potential predictive value. The results of this analysis are somewhat disappointing; discussion of the research leads to criticism of the contradictory results obtained by previous studies in this field. Analysis of subjects still alive at the close of the follow-up period shows that their psychopathological evolution is relatively favourable, with the exception of a group of patients identifiable by a set of distinctive negative factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Activation of bovine liver glycerol kinase by ethanol.

The crystallization of bovine glycerol kinase (ATP:glycerol 3-phosphotransferase EC 2.7.1.30) is reported along with a study on the unusual activation of this enzyme by ethanol. The enzyme was extracted from calf lever andusual activation of this enzyme by ethanol. The enzyme was extracted from calf liver and purified 5900-fold giving crystals with a 5% yield. The kinetics of the enzyme with regard to glycerol and ATP were studied by varying the concentration of one substrate while keeping the other at saturating levels, and the effect of ethanol was observed by adding it at levels of 5% (v/v). Ethanol increased the V in both cases almost 2-fold. The apparent Km of ATP was 3.5 - 10(-6) and was increased to 7.6 - 10(-6) in the presence of ethanol. The apparent Km for glycerol was 3 - 10(-5) and was increased to 12 - 10(-5) when ethanol was added. A number of other alcohols had a similar activating effect except for 1,2-diols which only inhibited the enzyme. These findings are consistent with the explanation that alcohols compete with glycerol (hence also with the glycerophosphate product) for a hydroxy binding site on the enzyme. This leads to more rapid dissociation of the glycerophosphate (i.e. an increase in the steady-state constant, "k+2" resulting in an increased V).

Adenosine Triphosphate↗