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Biomedical subjects

P Austin

Publications and source records attributed to P Austin.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Elastodysplasia and elastodystrophy as the pathologic bases of ocular pterygia and pinguecula.

Specimens of normal conjunctiva from three adult patients were examined by electron microscopy, which revealed normal elastogenesis in the substantia propria, but more prominently, in the episcleral tissues. Ultrastructural examination of eight pterygia and three pinguecula also disclosed evidence of elastogenesis, but in these lesions the morphogenetic sequence of fiber formation was distorted, and the elastic fibers were abnormal. The zone of hyalinization of the substantia propria immediately beneath the epithelium was the only site that manifested clear-cut evidence of collagen degeneration, which assumed the forms of effacement of the longitudinal periodicity of the collagen fibers, and of microfibrillar unfurling of the ends of the collagen fibers. Fibroblastic activity and elastic fiber formation were inconspicuous in this region. Beneath the hyalinized zone were collections of eosinophilic granular material. This material was shown ultrastructurally to be composed of excessive numbers of hollow-centered microfibrils (an elastic fiber precursor), with a tendency to clump centrally in the larger aggregated sheets and to acquire electron-dense inclusions. Numerous fibroblasts were found within this material. Finally, the elastotic fibers of light microscopy represented an abnormal maturational phase of elastic fiber production. These abnormal elastic fibers had microfibrils at their peripheries, but numerous electron-dense inclusions were associated with focal zones of amorphous elastin deposition. Occasionally histiocytes appeared to be engulfing these abnormal fibers. We have concluded that a large component of pinguecula and pterygia is the result of newly synthesized elastic fiber precursors and abnormal maturational forms of elastic fibers (elastodysplasia) that undergo secondary degeneration (elastodystrophy). These structures are presumed to be elaborated by actinically damaged fibroblasts of the substantia propria.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Inflammatory Terrien's marginal corneal disease.

We studied 13 patients with Terrien's marginal degeneration of the cornea. Six of these 13 patients had recurrent, disabling, episodic inflammation that was the most dominant feature of the disease. Severe pain and an associated episcleritis or superficial scleritis was present in all the patients during these attacks. These findings suggested that an inflammatory spectrum of Terrien's disease may exist.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Peripheral corneal degeneration and occlusive vasculitis in Wegener's granulomatosis.

A 61-year-old white woman, who had progressive arthritis over a two-year period, developed bilateral peripheral corneal degeneration. The superior cornea thinned to a thickness of approximately two thirds of normal. She died suddenly in the hospital and a primary occlusive vasculitis of the anterior ciliary arteries within the superior rectus muscles was found. There was necrotizing arteritis in the lungs, kidneys, adrenal caps, spleen, fallopian tubes, and skeletal muscle. The observation of an occlusive vasculitis of the anterior ciliary arteries in this patient supports the belief that ischemia may play a major role in peripheral marginal degeneration of the cornea.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1975

Complementation of human adenovirus type 5 ts mutants by human adenovirus type 12.

Temperature-sensitive mutants of type 5 adenovirus belonging to eight complementation groups were complemented in mixed infection by type 12 adenovirus, whereas mutants of 7 other groups were not enhanced. In some crosses, phenotypic mixing took place. No evidence of recombination between type 5 ts mutants and type 12 was found.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1975

Accurate volume ventilation of neonates with maintenance of humidification.

A method is presented for producing adequate humidification and accurate volume ventilation of neonates. This was effected by pressurizing the humidifier and fresh gas flow up to the T-piece. By using a ventilator which acted as a timed occluder of the T-piece, the system functioned as an accurate flow generator. Its precision of ventilation was confirmed with a neonatal test lung.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Functional expression of HLA-DP genes transfected into mouse fibroblasts.

The HLA class II antigens are a highly polymorphic family of dimeric cell-surface glycoproteins, expressed predominantly on the surface of immunocompetent cells. They are intimately involved with the induction of the T-cell response to extrinsic antigen and are important predisposing factors for a wide spectrum of autoimmune diseases. We describe here the expression of a class II product from the HLA-DP (new WHO nomenclature, formerly SB) subregion after transfer of cloned genes into mouse fibroblasts. The transfected DP antigen is recognized by several HLA class II monoclonal antibodies and, though present in a mouse cell background, is able to function in the presentation of influenza antigen to cloned DP-restricted human T lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Orbital aspergillosis. Report of a case diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy.

Presentation is made of a case of orbital aspergillosis, a rare condition that may clinically mimic nonspecific orbital inflammatory disease. It can be a subacute or chronic disease that develops in otherwise healthy individuals. Fine needle aspiration biopsy, which has been useful in the diagnosis of a variety of orbital diseases, provided the initial diagnosis in this case.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Profile of HIV seropositive inmates diagnosed in Maryland's state correctional system.

Correctional systems increasingly serve as the health care nexus for the initial diagnosis and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, particularly among traditionally underserved populations. A survey was conducted to describe the clinical profile of inmates in a State correctional system diagnosed with HIV infection by various testing strategies. Approximately 50 percent of the inmates diagnosed were potential candidates for anti-retroviral therapy, and 17 percent were severely immunocompromised. Implementation of voluntary HIV testing at prison entry increased the number of persons identified with HIV infection; however, since volunteers at entry had higher CD4 cell counts compared with infected inmates diagnosed by other methods, there was not a parallel increase in the percentage requiring immediate medical treatment. These data are important for planning medical resources in the correctional setting and underscore the opportunity to provide prevention and therapy for a vulnerable population with HIV infection. Public health interventions within the correctional setting have a broader societal impact, since most infected inmates serve short sentences (median, 3 years). Clinical case management is critical for inmates with HIV infection released to the community so that linkages with primary care providers and support services can be established.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗