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Biomedical subjects

P Arnold

Publications and source records attributed to P Arnold.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Overview of the Diabetes Initiative of South Carolina.

Implementation is underway for many of these programs, and there are descriptions of activities elsewhere in this symposium. The Board recognizes that in dealing with the complications of a chronic disease like diabetes, many years of intense effort will be needed before significant results may be appreciated. Progress will be monitored regularly by the Surveillance Council and SCDCP/DHEC, and modifications of the plan will be made by the Board at intervals after review of the data. We are optimistic that over the next decade, this system will make a significant impact to reduce mortality, morbidity, and costs of diabetes, and the result will be an increased quality of life for people affected by diabetes in South Carolina.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1998

Diabetes patient education.

Not all medical practices are equipped to provide diabetes self-management training. Physicians can incorporate a team approach in their practice by establishing collaborative relationships with recognized diabetes education programs. The ADA's education recognition program has identified diabetes education programs that meet the National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education Programs. This list is available on the ADA's web site at http://www.diabetes.org/recognition and is printed twice a year in Diabetes Forecast. The National Certification Board for Diabetes Educators (NDEA) can provide a list of CDEs in your area. The South Carolina Model Diabetes Patient Education Program of DSC and SCDCP/DHEC is an excellent critical step towards obtaining ADA recognition.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1997

The structure and optimization of speechreading.

Erber (1988) has claimed that one of the reasons for the ascendancy of hearing aids has been the loss of confidence in speechreading. Speechreading can be of value to those suffering from presbyacusis and other hearing disorders, in augmenting hearing aids and cochlear implants, for large numbers of people in developing countries who are unable to afford electronic aids, and for those in advanced countries who are reluctant to wear an aid. I discuss the structure and the optimization of speechreading. New methods to optimize natural speechreading skills are required that must be based on the structure and nature of speechreading. It has been suggested that speechreading is, to some extent, innate, and so 'hard-wired', which would mean that the effect of long-term training is limited. I critique this view and present a macro-analysis of the experimental literature. I suggest that the innate view may be somewhat overstated.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

The possible significance of cytomegaloviral parotitis in infant and early childhood deaths.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether cytomegaloviral (CMV) parotitis reflects a disseminated disease that increases vulnerability to unexpected death. DESIGN: Necropsy-based cross-sectional study comparing incidences of brain stem microglial nodules and visceral lymphocytic infiltrates in patients with and without CMV parotitis. SUBJECTS: One hundred twelve infants and young children comprising a study group of 40 individuals with CMV parotitis (including 32 whose deaths remained unexplained) and two comparison groups comprising 40 explained and 32 unexplained deaths. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence and variation with age of brain stem microglial nodules and lymphocytic infiltrates in liver and kidneys. RESULTS: Brain stem microglial nodules and lymphocytic infiltrates in liver and kidneys are strongly associated with CMV parotitis; their incidence diminishes with increasing age. CONCLUSIONS: Disseminated disease frequently accompanies CMV parotitis in infants. The resolution of brain stem microglial nodules precedes that of parotitis. Active and previous brain stem involvement may increase vulnerability to unexpected death.

Aging↗
PubMed1996

Follow-up (6-9 years) results of the uncemented CLS Spotorno stem.

The aseptic loosening rate in uncemented hip endoprostheses, especially the stem, is one of the most discussed problems among hip surgeons within the last few years. The first generation of uncemented stems had an essentially higher loosening rate compared with cemented stems. Although there are many reasons for this disappointing fact, the type of primary fixation and polyethylene wear are the two main ones. We reviewed 145 sequential uncemented CLS Spotorno stems, which achieved their primary fixation and bony in- or ongrowth predominantly in the metaphyseal region. The mean age of the patients was 54.9 years (range 37-76 years), and average follow-up was 7.8 years. The evaluation included both clinical (Merle d'Aubigne and Harris Hip Score) and radiographic parameters (plain X-rays). The medium-term follow-up showed a survival rate of 96.7% and good functional score results in more than 90%. Special attention was paid to the so-called thigh pain phenomenon which, despite current views, was found to be unexpectedly low (only one case). Although these results are encouraging, a further long-term follow-up of more than 10 years will have to show whether or not comparable results to cemented stems can be realised.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Uncemented total hip replacement and thigh pain.

We reviewed 145 consecutive patients who had total hip replacements using uncemented CLS Spotorno femoral stems which achieve primary fixation with bony ingrowth which occurs later mainly in the metaphyseal region. The mean age was 54.9 years and average follow up 7.8 years. The Merle d'Aubigne and Harris hip scores were used for evaluation, together with plain radiographs. Current medium term follow up showed a survival rate of 96.7% and a good functional score in more than 90%. Special attention was paid to postoperative thigh pain which occurred in only one patient. These results are encouraging, but a follow up of more than 10 years is required before comparable results to cemented stems can be claimed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Lipreading, reading and memory of hearing and hearing-impaired children.

The relationship between lipreading, reading and visual and sequential memory was investigated in hearing 10-year-olds and two groups of hearing-impaired 10-year-olds, one educated through the medium of English and the other through British Sign Language. The scores and the pattern of correlations between the variables were hypothesized to be different in the three groups and this was found to be the case. In the case of the hearing, visual memory for complex shapes was significantly correlated with lipreading. For the oral deaf, reading ability was significantly correlated with lipreading, but for the bilingual deaf the correlation was not significant. The possible implications of these findings for the relationships between the cognitive processes involved in lipreading and for the education of the deaf are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1996

[The "activated coagulation time (ACT)": two simple screening methods for evaluating coagulation disorders in dogs].

The use of the activated coagulation time (ACT) for testing the intrinsic coagulation is well established among veterinary practitioners in the USA. The advantage of the ACT compared to other coagulation tests is its ease to be performed under practice conditions. The ACT may be measured manually or instrumentally. The reference range of our instrumental measurement is between 90 and 120 seconds (median 105 seconds), of the manual measurement at room temperature between 115 and 145 seconds (median 125 seconds). Advantages of the instrumental method are the smaller amount of blood (0.4 ml versus 2.0 ml) necessary to perform the test, and the smaller potential for errors by unexperienced examiners. The spread is comparable between the two methods. The most important cause of false results is poor venipuncture technique: traumatic venipuncture will trigger the coagulation cascade already during venipuncture causing an artificially shortened ACT.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Wear behavior of coupled aluminum oxide ceramics-carbon fiber bond as hip acetabulum inlay in a simulated trial].

Hip-simulator studies were carried out to investigate the initial wear between a femoral head made of aluminium oxide ceramic and a CFRP-(carbon fibre-reinforced plastic) inlay in a titanium cup. A load of 2500 N and a frequency of 0.857 Hz were applied. After 200,000 cycles, the centre of the head had moved 9 microns into the liner. After 500,000 cycles, the cup centre had moved inwards by a further micron, and the near radius had increased by 2 microns. After 750,000 cycles the position of the centre of the head remained unchanged, while the mean radius had increased a further 2 microns. After one million cycles any further changes remained below the measuring capability (1 micron) of the system.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed1995

Wayward doctors.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Australia↗
PubMed1995

Specific IgG1 and IgG2 antibody responses of dogs to Leishmania infantum and other parasites.

Sera from dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum were analysed for the IgG subclass specificity of their antibody response by ELISA. Dogs infected with L. infantum produced both IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies with IgG2 being associated with asymptomatic infections and IgG1 being associated with disease (symptomatic dogs, non- or low-responsive to chemotherapy). The differential responses of IgG1 and IgG2 serum antibodies in asymptomatic and symptomatic dogs may indicate a dichotomous immune response to infection with L. infantum. To confirm this, on a broader scale, sera from dogs naturally exposed to an asymptomatic protozoan infection, Toxoplasma gondii, were also analysed as were sera from dogs exposed to the helminths, Dirofilaria immitis and Toxocara canis. Antibodies specific for T. gondii antigen detected in sera from 17 dogs were of the IgG2 subclass only. Both IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies to D. immitis and T. canis were present in the sera of naturally infected dogs but IgG1 appeared to be the predominant subclass. Furthermore, in dogs experimentally infected with T. canis, selective regulation of IgG2 and IgG1 responses was apparent since production of the two subclasses occurred at different times following infection, with IgG2 levels declining as IgG1 levels rose. Thus, the analysis of IgG subsets in parasitized dogs provides evidence of a dichotomous response to infection: IgG2 is associated with asymptomatic protozoan infections and IgG1 is associated with helminth infections and disease caused by protozoan infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Enteral forced feeding using blind fixed stomach probes: two practical methods].

Whereas fasting is well tolerated by the healthy organism, protein-energy malnutrition in the sick animal has a negative impact on organ functions, immunocompetence, wound healing, and reconvalescence. Sick animals, physically unable to eat or held off food for medical reasons for more than 5 days, consequently need some sort of nutritional support. Force feeding through a gastrostomy tube has several advantages compared to other forms of enteral nutrition. Gastrostomy tube feeding is relatively physiological, is quite comfortable for the animals and their owners, can replace oral feeding for weeks, and is associated with only rare complications. Gastrostomy tubes can be placed surgically, by use of a gastroscope, or blindly. Blind percutaneous gastrostomy tube placement is minimally invasive, fast, does not require any expensive equipment, and hence is well suited for practice.

Animals↗