Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P Anthonioz.
The authors have made an histological study of the evolution, after 120 days, of coral implant and tricalcic phosphate ceramic implant in each femur of 12 rabbits. The results have shown on the one hand that ceramic is resorbed faster than coral, on the other hand that for both types of biomaterials the resorption was much faster for the implants in contact with the bone-marrow than for those which were not.
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In order to analyse human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the Senegalese population, HPV DNA was sought in 65 women with evidence of cervical cytological abnormality and in 72 pregnant women. Ninety-four percent of the patients were positive for HPV DNA as compared to 24% of pregnant women. HPV 16 was detected in cervical smears in 42% of cases, HPV 18 in 39%, HPV 6 in 26%, HPV 11 in 15%, HPV 45 in 10%, HPV 52 in 3%, and HPV 31, HPV 33 and HPV 68 in 1.5%. HPV 16 and HPV 18 were detected in 16% and 7% respectively of pregnant women. HPV DNA of unknown type was detected in 6% of cases, and multiple HPV infections were observed in 28% of cases. Low risk genital HPVs (6/11) were detected in smaller proportions (17%) among high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) than the low grade SILs (43%). High risk HPVs (16/18) were detected in high proportions both in low and high grade SIL lesions, though the highest frequency (70%) was observed among patients with high grade lesions. In conclusion, the results confirm that HPV infections are frequent in Senegal and that HPV 18 and 45 are detected in a high proportion of patients in Africa.
One hundred ninety-six cervical scrapings were obtained for simultaneous research of cell abnormalities in Papanicolaou smears and detection of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes by polymerase chain reaction in extracted DNA from each clinical sample. The samples described by six discriminant cytologic parameters, and a synthetic HPV-presence/absence parameter provided an efficient matrix for multiple correspondence analysis. This statistical analysis displayed a plurality of HPV-related cell abnormalities in squamous intraepithelial lesions, and a high correspondence between HPV infection and the presence of multinucleated squamous cells, morphologically transformed keratinocytes (dyskaryotic cells), koilocytes, and cellular changes related to epithelial maturation. Because of the low proportion of detectable koilocytes in the HPV-infected scrapings, the authors also inferred that cellular changes related to epithelial maturation and morphologically transformed keratinocytes are the most accurate and efficient cell abnormalities, in terms of frequency and correlation, for cytodiagnosis of HPV-induced or associated squamous intraepithelial cervical lesions.
Discrepancies have been reported in differential cell counts according to the diverse processing methods used in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid management. The differences have proved to be mainly the result of selective lymphocyte loss, while the exact mechanisms of the phenomenon remain controversial. Observing a similar variation in differentials from differently stained identical smears, we quantified the cell loss due to staining procedures from 45 consecutive satisfactory BAL procedures. To do this, we compared relative lymphocyte recovery on neat pooled lavage in a hemocytometer with that from smears and cytopreps fixed and stained in different ways. We found (1) A significant lymphocyte loss (p < 0.05) whatever the staining method. (2) Different methods of fixation and staining lead to considerable variation in differentials from slides otherwise identically managed. The loss is higher during air-drying fixation followed by staining with an aqueous medium such as Diff-Quik than on spray-fixed slides stained in an alcohol medium such as Papanicolaou stain. (3) The effect of lymphocyte loss on differentials is more important when the initial lymphocytosis is less than 35%, and decreases to nonsignificance when it exceeds 70%. The role of cytocentrifugation or other manipulations in cell loss probably has been overestimated because unknown effects of staining methods were also attributed to these manipulations. We suggest that lymphocyte loss could arise from poor adherence on slides, which is exacerbated during aqueous staining if no artifice (e.g., spray fixation), is used to hold them. Thus, the definition of the long-awaited standard procedure for an accurate differential count of BAL fluid must take into account fixation and staining methods.
We report a case of pulmonary malakoplakia in a patient suffering from AIDS secondary to a Rhodococcus equi pneumonia. The association between these two pathologies only occurring in the immunodepressed does not seen fortuitous. Deficiency in cellular immunity and macrophage cellular activity as well as failure of intracellular bactericidal and phagolysosomal function are very probably the links. The treatment of this opportunistic germ rests on prolonged poly-antibiotic therapy or indeed surgical excision.
360 consecutive bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BAL) were studied using semi-quantitative method described by GOLDE (GOLDE score). 44 hemosiderosis were detected (12%). Most of them corresponded to massive alveolar hemorrhage (AH). Depending on pathological contexts, we distinguished three main groups of AH frequency: a group of high frequency (around 40%), an intermediate group (10%) and a low frequency group with less than 5%. Matching cytological results with clinical and radiological data, revealed that AH was often too late diagnosed because inconstancy of typical clinical and radiological signs. Even with a variable prognosis related to different physiopathological mechanisms, AH evolution is unpredictable. The authors suggest thus BAL cytological examination may systematically include a research of hemosiderosis in AH high frequency groups.
We report on proximal symphalangism of the four last fingers, transmitted through five generations of an African family. Intrafamilial variations of the disorder are due to the heterogeneity of associated anomalies. This familial trait resembles multiple synostosis disease, however, it is not restricted to synostoses and appears to be more generalised. To our knowledge this is the first report of a familial trait associating proximal and distal symphalangism. The distribution of elementary anomalies in this family suggests a link in their pathogeny and raises the question of embryological equivalence for some of them. Symphalangism seems to be a symptom of a more generalised disorder, the comprehension of which requires a better coordination of clinical, embryological and genetic data.
Cervical cells obtained by scraping from 126 women living in the Tours area, France, were tested for the presence of HPV 16 infection, using the PCR method. In all samples analysed no evidence was found of HPV 16 b subtype. The incidence of HPV 16 infection ranged from 4% in women without history of genital HPV infection to 48% in women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL). It must be noted that HPV 16 infection is twice as frequent in women with a history of HPV-induced cervical lesions as in those without this history. Thus, a normal cytology does not always mean an absence of HPV infection of the uterine cervix. It may be concluded from these results that detection of cervical HPV 16 infection by the PCR method makes it possible to identify a group of women at high risk of developing SIL or cervical cancer. Regular cytological surveillance of these women who are healthy carriers of HPV 16 without detectable squamous cell abnormalities must be implemented.
Immature female Wistar rats were treated with 1 mg of estradiol benzoate for 6 days. The injections were started on the 20th day of age; the animals were autopsied every 3 days after the last injection until the age of 45 days. Islets of hyperplastic cells and metaplasia area were seen in the endocervix in the majority of the animals autopsied. We have the expression of cytokeratin polypeptides in reserve cells, in areas exhibiting reserve cell hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia, using a panel of monoclonal cytokeratin antibodies. The reserve cells were positive for antibodies directed against stratified squamous epithelia, type cytokeratins No. 5, 13 and 17. In addition, hyperplastic cells revealed the presence of cytokeratins No. 7, 8, 18 and 19, specific for simple epithelia, but in a variable manner. The Squamous metaplasia cells exhibited cytokeratins No. 13, 18 and 19, but only weakly reactive. Our observations indicate that estrogen-induced endocervix metaplasia results from a transformation of reserve cells towards an epidermoid type epithelium. Hyperplasia would be the intermediate step in the mechanism of induced cervical metaplasia. This transformation is accompanied by the loss of cytoplasmic keratin proteins and the acquisition of new high molecular weight keratin proteins, specific for stratified squamous epithelia. The basal or reserve cells of the cervix can proliferate to produce regions of squamous cell metaplasia. It appears to be a direct effect of estrogen stimulation. Immunohistochemical staining for different molecular weight keratin proteins may be helpful in the evaluation of reserve cell differentiation.
Immunization against hepatitis B by means of a vaccine obtained by genetic recombination on chinese hamster ovary cells was attempted in 32 adult subjects. The HBs antigen was purified from the culture supernatant and contained S and pre S2 genes products. Three 20 micrograms doses were injected intramuscularly at intervals of one month. Anti-HBs seroconversion levels and the geometrical mean of antibodies were slightly higher than those observed with plasma vaccines or genetically engineered yeast-derived vaccine. Antibodies directed against HBs appeared more rapidly and at a higher titre. Anti-pre S2 antibodies were detected after the third injection in 84 per cent of the subjects vaccinated. This recombinant hepatitis B vaccine prepared from chinese hamster ovary cells will probably be as effective as the first generation vaccines obtained by purifying the HBs antigen obtained from the blood of asymptomatic carriers.
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In this report, we examined the sensitivity and specificity of pancreatic fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Aspiration cytodiagnosis was performed in 45 patients (36 cancers and 9 benign pancreatic lesions) using a 22 Gauge fine needle either percutaneously in 25 patients with real-time ultrasonic guidance or during surgery in 20 patients. Cytologic examination included a precise description and the classification in one of the 4 Papanicolaou classes, the fourth only being considered as positive in terms of cancer. No complication occurred with either technic. Overall sensitivity was 75 p. 100, 74 p. 100 percutaneously and 77 p. 100 intraoperatively, but specificity was 78 p. 100 due to two false-positive results recorded among the 9 benign lesions. Retrospective analysis of cytologic examinations of the 29 class IV lesions led us to differentiate cases with "sure malignancy" (20 cases) from those with "strong suspicion of malignancy" (9 cases including the 2 false-positives). Only class IV lesions with "sure malignancy" call for aggressive treatment, whereas a "strong suspicion of malignancy", which may result from carcinoma or severe cellular abnormalities occasionally found in inflammatory pancreatic lesions, should lead to a second pancreatic aspiration.
Two monoclonal antibodies selected for specific well-developed antigens in certain epithelial tumors were used in accordance with immuno methods for marking tissues. They were used on samples of cells obtained by aspiration from malignant lesions and from benign lesions of the breast and from lymph node metastases as well as from adenocarcinomata of the skin of the breasts. No work has yet published about one of these markers (anti-breast carcinoma). The positive results that we have obtained give hope that a new approach to the microscopic diagnosis of the cells of the breast in very early tumors is on its way, as well as the precise diagnosis of metastases.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.