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Biomedical subjects

P Andersen

Publications and source records attributed to P Andersen.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Total hip alloplasty. The long-term economical consequences].

A cost-effectiveness analysis concerning total hip arthroplasty was undertaken in 1984. The analysis included 86 patients submitted to operation in Odense and Svendborg Hospitals. After a follow-up period of five years, revision had proved necessary in one patient but no re-operations were undertaken on account of deep infection or aseptic loosening of the implants. The annual accumulated netto cost of total hip arthroplasty including the costs of readmission was calculated to be approximately 23,000 Danish crowns (2,000 pounds). This must be compared with a lasting marked improvement in the quality of life resulting from operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Has the incidence of multiple myeloma in old age been underestimated? The myeloma project of health region I in Norway. I.

All patients in the region with newly discovered M components were registered from 15 Aug. 1984-31 Dec. 1986. Among a total of 393 patients enrolled, 162 had multiple myeloma (MM). The incidence rate was 6.6 per 100,000 population per year (age-adjusted to the European standard population), which is somewhat higher than previous reports based on hospital and autopsy records. In particular, the incidence rate was higher in the greater than 70 age group. Thus, the median age was 72 yr, which is the highest reported. As many as 71 (44%) of the 162 MM patients were asymptomatic; these asymptomatic patients had the same age distribution as the symptomatic ones. The stage distribution, occurrence of risk factors, response to chemotherapy, response duration and survival were similar in the age groups below and above the median and, in multivariate survival analysis, age was not an independent risk factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Incidence and follow-up of asymptomatic multiple myeloma. The myeloma project of health region I in Norway. II.

During a general population follow-up study in Health Region I in Norway, 162 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) were diagnosed. 71 of these (44%) were asymptomatic, and were observed without chemotherapy. The great majority (90%) were in stage I, and there were only 2 with light chain disease. 45 of the 71 asymptomatic patients developed progressive disease during the 4-5 year follow-up period. Estimated median time to disease progression was 26 months. The presence at diagnosis of osteolytic lesions and/or at least 20% plasma cells in the bone marrow defined a group with significantly shorter time to progression (median 10 vs 39 months). Median survival from diagnosis for the asymptomatic patients was 45 months, which is significantly longer than the 26 months of the symptomatic group. However, when estimated from the start of treatment, the survival was similar for the two groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

T-cell proliferative response to antigens secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

An infection model of human tuberculosis was established with C57BL/6J mice. The lymphocyte proliferative responses to antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis were investigated during the course of infection and compared with results obtained with a group of mice immunized with large amounts of killed bacteria. The two groups responded similarly to a number of mycobacterial antigens, but marked differences in responses against secreted antigens were found; only infected mice responded vigorously to these. The responding lymphocyte subpopulation was made up of L3T4+ T lymphocytes under restriction of the Ia molecule.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Proteins released from Mycobacterium tuberculosis during growth.

Proteins secreted from Mycobacterium tuberculosis during growth are believed to be important for protective immunity against tuberculosis. We have investigated the growth of M. tuberculosis in an enriched liquid medium. The release of isocitrate dehydrogenase from the bacilli served as a marker of autolysis and was observed during the late logarithmic growth phase. The release of proteins during the culture period was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Three major groups of proteins, which differed markedly with respect to profile of release and location in intact bacilli, were defined. A short-term filtrate devoid of autolytic products was defined and found to be composed of 33 major components. Five proteins were identified by monoclonal antibodies. Pronounced superoxide dismutase activity was detected in the filtrate. The enzyme was purified and identified as a dominating component of short-term filtrate.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of hyperglycaemia on kidney function, atrial natriuretic factor and plasma renin in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

In normoalbuminuric patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), cyclic GMP and active renin and the renal clearances of [99Tcm]-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) lithium and sodium were studied on a hyperglycaemia day and a euglycaemia day. Baseline euglycaemia was achieved by an overnight variable insulin infusion, which during study days was fixed at the rate necessary to maintain euglycaemia in the morning. After a baseline euglycaemic clearance period of 90 min, measurements were repeated in a new 90-min period beginning 150 min later. On the hyperglycaemia day i.v. infusion of 20% glucose was started at the end of the euglycaemic baseline period, increasing blood glucose (5.3 +/- 1.3 vs 12.1 +/- 1.2 mmol l-1, p less than 0.01). On the euglycaemia day blood glucose declined (5.1 +/- 1.0 vs 4.2 +/- 1.0 mmol l-1, p less than 0.02). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was unchanged by acute hyperglycaemia (127 +/- 16 vs 129 +/- 24 ml min-1, NS), but nearly normalized during maintained euglycaemia on the euglycaemia day (124 +/- 17 vs 105 +/- 16 ml min-1, p less than 0.01). When comparing the hyperglycaemic study period with the similarly timed period on the euglycaemia day, GFR was elevated by hyperglycaemia (129 +/- 24 vs 105 +/- 16 ml min-1, p less than 0.01), while the renal clearances of lithium and sodium were similar. Consequently, the calculated absolute proximal reabsorption rate of sodium and water was elevated during hyperglycaemia. Hyperglycaemia reduced the slight decline in plasma concentrations of ANF and cyclic GMP observed on the euglycaemia day. Active renin, glucagon and plasma osmolality were unchanged. In conclusion, marked changes in glomerular filtration rate are induced by changes in blood glucose concentration, but the effect is delayed and thus not directly related to renal tubular transport of glucose. Hyperglycaemia does not affect renal clearances of lithium and sodium, while proximal tubular reabsorption is markedly stimulated. These changes are not related to changes in ANF, renin, glucagon or plasma osmolality.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Proliferative response to seven affinity purified mycobacterial antigens in eight strains of inbred mice.

This study compares the T-cell-stimulating ability of different mycobacterial antigens. The responses to crude culture filtrates and seven affinity-purified antigens were investigated in eight strains of inbred mice. Large differences in the stimulating abilities of the antigens were observed, and four antigens were found to give a powerful T-cell stimulation. Some antigens divided the strains into high and low responders, while a 17-kDa antigen was found to be exceedingly T-cell stimulatory in mice of all tested haplotypes. The responses of the eight strains were analyzed by comparing the response patterns of the strains. Using a statistical model based on antigen ranking, five strains were found to have a similar response pattern; three strains were found to differ. These results demonstrate the significance of the choice of mouse strain in studies of mycobacterial immunology and, furthermore, indicate that when research is conducted to develop new mycobacterial vaccines, it is important to include panels of antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effects of gemfibrozil on lipids and haemostasis after myocardial infarction.

The effects of gemfibrozil on haemostatic variables were studied in 43 survivors of myocardial infarction with serum triglycerides (TG) greater than or equal to 2 mmol/l 2 weeks prior to randomization. The study was double-blind, placebo-controlled and stratified for chronic betablockade. Twenty-two individuals were given gemfibrozil 600 mg twice daily and 21 individuals received matching placebo. After 8 weeks the TG level was unchanged in the placebo group, whereas a 44% reduction was noted in the gemfibrozil group (p less than 0.001). Fibrinogen increased in both groups, while bleeding time and platelet count were unchanged. Clotting factor VII-phospholipid complex decreased in both groups, but the change was more marked and attained statistical significance only in the gemfibrozil group (60% reduction, p less than 0.01). By DDAVP-stimulated D-Dimer agglutination test 8 in 21 patients in the placebo group (38%) still had reduced fibronolytic capacity versus none in the gemfibrozil group (p = 0.001). Thus, in this study, gemfibrozil improved reduced fibrinolytic capacity and may have reduced hypercoagulability by lowering the clotting factor VII-phospholipid complex.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Assessment of the risk of cardiovascular disease on the basis of total serum cholesterol in a population of young Danish women and men].

In this investigation the distribution of total cholesterol in the serum in a population of 364 medical students in the age group 22-32 years is assessed. The average value was 5.27 mmol/l for women and 5.08 mmol/l for men. 5% of the women and 2% of the men had values which exceeded 7.0 mmol/l and were thus in a group where treatment with diet or medicine may be considered, according to the recommendations from the Danish Association for Internal Medicine. In the group investigated here, the authors did not find any significant change in total cholesterol with age and, similarly, no significant seasonal variation was encountered.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Pattern of muscle activity during stereotyped work and its relation to muscle pain.

Standardized and machine-paced work tasks at a packing machine were examined to evaluate interindividual variability of muscle activity patterns. Ten trained female workers, without musculo-skeletal complaints at the time of the recording, performed the work tasks while electromyographic (EMG) recordings were obtained from both upper trapezius muscles. Static muscle activity and periods of between 0.2 and 2 s duration with low muscle activity, EMG gaps, were analysed. Complaints of muscular fatigue, soreness or pain in the neck and shoulders during the last 12 months were recorded. The level of static muscle activity was 1.6 (range 0.4 to 2.5) per cent of maximal voluntary contraction and median number of EMG gaps was 4.8 (range 0.8 to 20) per minute. Workers with previous episodes of complaints (five subjects) had higher levels of static muscle activity and fewer EMG gaps than workers without such episodes (p less than 0.05, Wilcoxon 2-sample test, one-tailed). Considerable interindividual variability of muscle activity patterns was found in spite of stereotyped work. No causal relations may be inferred from the correlation between the level of trapezius activity and complaints, though it indicates that individual, inexpedient muscle activity patterns may constitute an important risk factor for development of musculo-skeletal complaints.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Synaptic integration in hippocampal CA1 pyramids.

Excitatory synapses on hippocampal pyramids are exclusively located to dendritic spines, usually in a 1:1 proportion. The number of spines indicates a convergence of as many as 25,000-30,000 excitatory boutons per CA1 pyramidal cell in rats. Activation of a single afferent fibre produces a unitary excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) of about 150 microV, probably produced by a single quantum of transmitter. The release probability is normally low, but may be increased by facilitatory processes. On the average, each afferent fibre has few boutons (mostly 1, but up to 5) in contact with a given CA1 pyramid. Surprisingly, in view of the large synaptic convergence, only 100-300 synchronously active excitatory synapses seem necessary to make the cell discharge. Synapses in various parts of the dendritic tree are nearly equally effective in this regard. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials produced by neighbouring synapses sum linearly, both with each other and with hyperpolarizing, inhibitory potentials. Cable theoretical considerations suggest that the summation effect will be greater for synapses contacting the same secondary dendrite than for more distributed dendritic contacts. Three types of inhibitory neurones provide different classes of interference. The chandelier cells (axoaxonic cells) terminate upon the initial axons of a large number of pyramidal cells, and are thus capable of producing a wide-spread and effective inhibition. By hyperpolarizing the somata of a smaller number of cells, basket cells counteract all excitatory inputs to these cells, irrespective of synaptic location. In contrast to these two forms of global inhibition, stellate cells may cause a shunting form of inhibition at specific dendritic sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1989

[Applicants for disability pensions in the municipality of Tårnby before and after the pension reform of 1984. Social characteristics and abuse of alcohol and drugs].

One hundred and eighty-eight and 167 first applications for disability pensions in 1981 and 1985 respectively were examined. Social parameters, diagnoses and the occurrence of alcohol and drug abuse were studied. There was a decrease in the number of male applicants and a small increase of female applicants from 1981 til 1985. Unskilled workers were overrepresented. Most applicants had been working within the last two years before the pension was awarded, and generally they had had long job periods. In 1985, had only 27% of the applicants under 50 attempted rehabilitation, and 12% had received social security allowances. The new types of social pensions were mostly awareded to married women of more than 50 years of age. Pensioning caused by a combination of social and health circumstances was rare. Female applicants were generally awarded lower pensions than male applicants. More than half of the diagnoses included mental diseases, diseases of the musculo-skeletal system and disease of the circulation. In 1985, 15% of the applicants were abusers, mainly of alcohol. 50% of male applicants younger than 50 years of age were abusers. The abusers were very disabled.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Antagonism of diazepam sedation by flumazenil.

Forty adult patients undergoing elective surgery, anaesthetized with diazepam, alfentanil and nitrous oxide in oxygen, and paralysed with atracurium were given flumazenil or placebo i.v. in a double-blind randomized study to assess the efficacy of flumazenil. Awake state, heart rate, arterial pressure, rate of ventilation and arterial blood-gas values were measured at 0, 5, 30, 120 and 240 min after administration of flumazenil or placebo. Flumazenil was found to antagonize the sedative effects of diazepam; there was no resedation within the time of observation. There were no intergroup differences in any of the other measured variables. A median dose of diazepam 0.33 mg kg-1 during surgery lasting a median of 98 min was antagonized by a median dose of flumazenil 0.35 mg. No side effects related to flumazenil were observed.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Alaproclate increases the excitability of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells and blocks the slow after-hyperpolarization.

Effects of alaproclate, an antidepressive substance and 5-HT uptake blocker, was studied using intracellular and extracellular recording techniques. Possible effects on the excitability of CA1 pyramidal cells in slices from rat hippocampus were explored. Alaproclate increased the probability of firing to an orthodromic input, increased the membrane resistance and prolonged the action potential. Increased excitability was also observed in extracellular recording experiments. It is suggested that these effects are due to depression of potassium channels in the membrane.

Alanine↗
PubMed1989

Amplitude fluctuations in small EPSPs recorded from CA1 pyramidal cells in the guinea pig hippocampal slice.

EPSPs have been evoked in CA1 pyramidal cells by (1) activation of single CA3 neurons (unitary EPSPs), and (2) low-intensity stimuli to the CA1 stratum radiatum. Five unitary EPSPs were obtained; their mean peak amplitudes ranged from 85 to 275 microV and 3 of the 5 showed fluctuations in amplitude that were too great to be attributed to baseline noise. After subtraction of the variance due to the noise, these EPSPs had coefficients of variation much higher than those reported for variability in the quantal EPSP in other preparations. These results suggest that intermittent transmitter release is a major cause of EPSP amplitude fluctuation at this synapse. A noise deconvolution technique based on a nonrestrictive model of transmitter release was applied to the EPSPs obtained in this study. For 2 of the EPSPs evoked by stratum radiatum stimulation, the amplitudes fluctuated between discrete values that were sufficiently separated with respect to the noise to be resolved by the deconvolution procedure. Quantal increments of 224 and 193 microV were determined for the 2 EPSPs.

Animals↗