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Biomedical subjects

P Anand

Publications and source records attributed to P Anand.

122 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Regional distribution of a novel pituitary protein (7B2) in the rat spinal cord: effect of neonatal capsaicin treatment and thoracic cord transection.

Using a specific radioimmunoassay, a novel pituitary protein (7B2) was shown to be distributed throughout the rat spinal cord. The concentration of 7B2-like immunoreactivity (7B2-IR) was significantly higher in dorsal lumbar than in whole lumbar cord, and the highest level was found in the sacral region. On both gel and high-performance liquid chromatography, 7B2-IR in rat spinal cord eluted in the same position as 7B2-IR extracted from porcine pituitary gland. Neonatal capsaicin treatment did not change dorsal lumbar spinal cord 7B2-IR concentrations, suggesting that it is not predominantly present in unmyelinated primary afferent fibres. Thoracic cord transection, however, resulted in significant increases of 7B2-IR in lumbar and especially sacral regions, providing evidence of a 7B2-containing ascending pathway originating in the lumbosacral spinal cord.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Distribution of galanin immunoreactivity in the central nervous system and the responses of galanin-containing neuronal pathways to injury.

Radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry were used to study the distribution of galanin, a novel 29 amino acid porcine intestinal peptide, in the central nervous system of the rat and pig. The pattern of distribution was similar in the two species, with the highest concentrations of galanin-like immunoreactivity found in the neurohypophysis, hypothalamus and sacral spinal cord. Immunocytochemical studies of these regions localized galanin-like immunoreactivity to cell bodies in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus, to fibres in the pars nervosa and to numerous cell bodies and fibres in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. On both gel and high pressure liquid chromatography, galanin-like immunoreactivity in rat and pig nervous tissue eluted as a single peak in a position similar to purified procine intestinal galanin standard. Surgical and pharmacological manipulations in the rat suggest the presence of galanin in afferent fibres. An increase of galanin-like immunoreactivity was observed in the sacral spinal cord of the rat following thoracic spinal cord transection. Thus galanin-like immunoreactivity in the brain is mainly localized in the hypothalamopituitary region. The decrease of galanin-like immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, following dorsal rhizotomy and pre-treatment of rats with capsaicin, indicates that many of the fibres, which are of small diameter, may well be derived from spinal sensory neurones.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Multilayer-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ML-ELISA) for detection of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite coproantigen.

Multilayer ELISA (ML-ELISA) method for Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite coproantigen was developed for diagnosis of amoebiasis and its usefulness vis-a-vis microscopic examination analysed for paired specimens from 87 patients from Lucknow and Hyderabad, India. All the stool specimens positive for trophozoites were also found to be positive in ML-ELISA. Out of a total 32 samples positive for cysts in microscopy 21 (65.62%) gave positive reactions for coproantigen. Results on 26 samples drawn from otherwise healthy subjects with negative microscopical picture, 4 were positive for coproantigen. The results of the present study indicate that ML-ELISA test is suitable for early diagnosis of acute amoebic patients for timely treatment.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1984

PHI-like immunoreactivity co-locates with the VIP-containing system in human lumbosacral spinal cord.

Using a specific radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry, the quantitative regional distribution and localization of PHI-like immunoreactivity was studied in normal postmortem human spinal cord. The levels of PHI-like immunoreactivity were low in the cervical and thoracic region whereas the lumbar and especially sacral regions showed higher levels, with dorsal sacral concentrations exceeding ventral concentrations. Chromatographic analysis by high pressure liquid chromatography revealed that the PHI-like immunoreactivity in human spinal cord elutes slightly earlier than pure porcine PHI, and may correspond to PHM-27, a PHI-27-like peptide found in human preprovasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Immunocytochemical studies show a distinctive distribution of PHI-like immunoreactive fibres and terminals at the lumbosacral segments. The distribution of PHI-like immunoreactivity is thus similar to that of VIP, and unlike a number of other neuropeptides; with VIP, it may mark a system which has a role in the spinal control of urogenital function in man.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Topical capsaicin pretreatment inhibits axon reflex vasodilatation caused by somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in human skin.

1 Wheal and flare reactions are described following intradermal injections of somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P and histamine in normal human forearm skin. Bombesin failed to produce a significant wheal and flare.2 Pretreatment of skin with capsaicin in all cases dramatically inhibited the flare but not the wheal. This result is in accord with the hypothesis that capsaicin blocks the effector side of the axon reflex, perhaps by depleting nerve terminals of vasodilatory peptide(s).

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1980

The effect of intracarotid perfusion of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage on cerebrovascular reactivity in rats.

Cerebrovascular resistance was measured in 10 rats with increasing dosages of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). The internal carotid artery was perfused at constant flow with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms, and dose-response curves to 10 mu 1 boluses of 5-HT were compared with similar dose-response curves obtained during perfusion with Krebs' solution and with normal CSF (CSF-N). CSF from patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (CSF-SAH) produced increased sensitivity to 5-HT.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Structural observations on the gills of two fresh water teleost fishes, Notopterus notopterus and Colisa fasciatus.

1. The structural observations of the gills of Notopterus and Colisa fasciatus have been studied in detail. 2. The gills of Notopterus notopterus and Colisa fasciatus consist of 2 regions: a) Gill head region, and b) Gill lamellae region. Gill head region is covered by epithelial layer possessing the mucous and mast cells. Gill head region consists of bony arch, gill rakers and interbranchial septum. 3. Interbranchial septum is reduced in Notopterus notopterus while it extends near half to the length of the filament in Colisa fasciatus. 4. In both fishes, the adductor muscle, afferent and efferent branchial vessels and gill rays are present in the interbranchial septum area. 5. Gill lamellae region consists of primary and secondary lamellae in both the fishes. 6. In Notopterus notopterus the primary lamellae are compressed flat structures possessing gill rays, 1 afferent and 1 efferent branchial vessel, while in Colisa fasciatus 2 efferent vessels are present. 7. Secondary lamellae are arranged parallel to one another on both sides of the primary lamellae. Secondary lamellae consist of basement membrane, epithelial cells, vascular layer and pillar cells. Mucous and mast cells are also present in this region in case of Notopterus notopterus while only mast cells are present in Colisa fasciatus. 8. Mast cells are eosinophilic, highly granulated in both the fishes.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Studies on the morphology of the gills and gill arches with reference to the blood supply in Notopterus motopterus and Colisa fasciatus.

The morphology of the gills, with their blood supply have been described in Notopterus notopterus and Colisa fasciatus in some detail. Gills are curved and perforated on the dorsolateral and ventrolateral wall of the pharynx. The gills consist of 2 rows of filaments which are stacked one above the other to form a space. The gill filaments are smaller on both the ends and larger in middle. The gill filaments are of pink colour as they are supplied with blood. Gill rakers are large in size in Notopterus notopterus while they are small in Colisa fasciatus. 3 pairs of basibranchials are present in Notopterus notopterus which are covered by median membranous bony plate while 2 basibranchials are present in Colisa fasciatus. 3 pairs of hypobranchials are present in both fishes. 5 pairs of ceratobranchials are present in which Vth ceratobranchial bears teeth. 4 pairs of epibranchials are present. 3 pairs of pharyngobranchials are present in which the tip of the IVth pharyngobranchial bears minute teeth in Notopterus notopterus while in Colisa fasciatus IInd and IIIrd pharyngobranchial bear minute ones. One afferent branchial vessel is present in Notopterus notopterus and Colisa fasciatus in each gill like in other teleostean fishes. One efferent branchial vessel is present in each gill of Notopterus notopterus while in Colisa fasciatus 2 efferent are represented in each gill.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The distribution and origin of VIP in the spinal cord of six mammalian species.

The distribution of VIP-immunoreactivity was studied in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of 6 mammalian species. Immunoreactive fibres and cell bodies were most apparent in the dorsal horn, dorsolateral funiculus, intermediolateral cell columns and the area around the central canal. The distribution of VIP immunoreactivity was similar in all species studied, mouse, rat, guinea pig, cat, horse and the marmoset monkey. There were fewer VIP fibres in the dorsal horn of cervical and thoracic segments than in lumbosacral segments. Using radioimmunoassay this gradient increase was quantitatively most marked in the sacral spinal cord of the cat. In dorsal root ganglia few nerve cell bodies but numerous fibres were present. A dual origin for VIP in the spinal cord is suggested: (A) Extrinsic, from dorsal root afferent fibres since immunoreactivity was decreased in dorsally rhizotomized animals (cats and rats) and in capsaicin pretreated rats (microinjection of dorsal root ganglia). (B) From local cell bodies intrinsic to the spinal cord which became visible after colchicine pretreatment of rats.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A VIP-containing system concentrated in the lumbosacral region of human spinal cord.

Neuropeptides were first localized in the human spinal cord by immunocytochemistry and substance P has been shown, by the same method, to be reduced ipsilaterally in the dorsal horn after limb amputation and bilaterally in the Riley-Day syndrome. Several neuropeptides increasingly fulfil the criteria to establish them as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators, and they may also have trophic actions in the spinal cord. Using radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry, we present here for the first time a quantitative regional distribution and localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P, somatostatin, bombesin and cholecystokinin (CCK-8) in normal postmortem human spinal cord. A comparison of the distribution of these peptides reveals an exceptional pattern for VIP, with relatively much higher levels in the lumbosacral region. Immunocytochemical analysis shows a distinctive distribution of VIP-containing fibres and terminals at the lumbosacral segments. This VIP-containing system may have an important role in the spinal control of urogenital function in man.

Bombesin↗