Biomedical subjects

P Aman

Publications and source records attributed to P Aman.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Excretion of amino acid residues from diets based on wheat flour or oat bran in human subjects with ileostomies.

OBJECTIVES: The effect of consumption of a wheat-flour bread-based low-fibre diet (7.8 g/day fibre; 1.0 portion) or the same diet in which the wheat bread was exchange for a bread based on oat bran with a high fibre content (31.9 g/day fibre; 1.0 portion) on the ileal excretion of amino acid residues and crude protein was studied. DESIGN: The study was performed as a cross-over design. SETTING: The subjects were studied as outpatients except on the sampling days when all subjects were admitted to the research ward and stayed in a nearby patient hotel overnight. SUBJECTS: Seven men and three women, all proctocolectomised for ulcerative colitis, volunteered to participate in the study. One female subject was withdrawn from the study because of inflammation of the ileal stoma. INTERVENTIONS: During each dietary period of 3 weeks, food and excreta were collected and analysed on days 3 and 17. RESULTS: No significant differences in excretion of crude protein or amino acids (free and bound) were found between the two sampling days. Intake as well as excretion of all analysed amino acids was higher during the high-fibre diet period, although the relative proportion of amino acids was comparable in the two diets and their corresponding ileal effluents. Aspartic acid, glycine, threonine, alanine and serine were found in considerably higher relative proportions in the effluents from the subjects when they consumed each of the two diets than their concentrations in the diets. The apparent digestibilities were significantly (P < 0.05) lower for all analysed amino acids during the high-fibre diet period. Aspartic acid (10.7%), alanine (9.9%) and glycine (8.5%) showed a more pronounced decrease than the mean decrease in amino acid digestibility (6.6%) when subjects consumed the high-fibre diet. CONCLUSION: Intake of the oat bran high-fibre diet resulted in significantly lower amino acid and crude protein digestibility. The relative amino acid proportions in the diets and their corresponding excretas were, however, comparable for the two diets.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Characterization of the CHOP breakpoints and fusion transcripts in myxoid liposarcomas with the 12;16 translocation.

Myxoid liposarcomas are cytogenetically characterized by t(12;16)(q13;p11). The translocation results in rearrangements of the CHOP gene in 12q13 and the FUS gene in 16p11, creating a fusion gene where the RNA-binding domain of FUS is replaced by the DNA-binding and leucine zipper dimerization domain of CHOP. In the present study, we have mapped 16 genomic breakpoints in the region of the CHOP gene and isolated and sequenced a new variant (type II) of the chimeric FUS/CHOP transcript. The genomic breakpoints were dispersed along a 7.50-kilobase pair region from a SstI cleavage site upstream of the promoter of CHOP to a PstI cleavage site within intron 1. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of tumor samples demonstrated the presence of two variant fragments, 654 base pairs (type I) and 378 base pairs (type II) in size. Of the 13 samples analyzed, 7 showed the smaller, 3 showed the larger, and 3 showed both types of transcripts. We cloned and sequenced the two fragments and found in type II a novel fusion point in the FUS mRNA 275 base pairs upstream of that present in the type I transcript. In both types of transcripts the interrupted FUS is followed by the entire exon 2 of CHOP. As a consequence the normally nontranslated exon 2 is translated and in both types there is in the junction between FUS and CHOP a shift from a FUS glycine codon to a valine codon in the chimeric mRNA.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1994

Fusion of the FUS gene with ERG in acute myeloid leukemia with t(16;21)(p11;q22).

It has been shown that the gene ERG in 21q22 is rearranged in the t(16;21)(p11;q22) associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). ERG is a member of the ETS gene family and is fused with EWS in a subset of Ewing's sarcomas. EWS in 22q12 has a very high homology with FUS (also called TLS) in 16p11; the latter gene is rearranged in the t(12;16)(q13;p11) that characterizes myxoid liposarcoma. To investigate whether FUS is involved in the t(16;21) of AML, we used the Southern blot technique and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to examine the bone marrow of a 3-year-old boy with a t(16;21)(p11;q22)-positive AML. Hybridization of Southern blot filters containing digested DNA with probes for FUS and ERG showed both germline and aberrant fragments. Using specific primers for the 5' part of FUS and the 3' part of ERG, we amplified a 4.4 kb genomic FUS/ERG DNA fragment from the leukemic sample. In a second PCR experiment, in which we used primers upstream of the 5' part of ERG and downstream of the 3' part of FUS, a 5.6 kb fragment was amplified. Blotting and hybridization with specific probes for FUS and ERG revealed that the amplified fragments consisted of FUS/ERG and ERG/FUS hybrid DNA. Both PCR fragments, when used as probes, detected germline ERG and FUS as well as aberrant fragments on Southern blot filters. The results suggest that the t(16;21) in AML leads to rearrangement and fusion of the FUS and ERG genes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1994

Isolation and regional localization of cosmid linking clones from human chromosome 12.

We have developed a new method for constructing cosmid linking libraries. The method is based on the insertion of a selection gene, beta-lactamase, in genomic cosmid clones containing recognition sites for rare-cutting enzymes. The selection gene is maintained as a gene cassette in a plasmid and may be excised by the enzymes NotI, SacII, SplI, MluI, BssHII, and NarI or combinations of these enzymes. Using this gene cassette and a genomic cosmid library made from a human-hamster cell line containing the human chromosome 12 as its only human component, a chromosome 12-specific NotI linking library was constructed. The NotI linking clones contained recognition sites for other rate-cutting enzymes, SacII and BssHII, at high frequency, indicating the presence of CpG islands. Thirty cosmid linking clones were regionally localized by FISH and were found to be clustered to chromosome bands 12p13, 12q13, and 12q24.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Quality of rolled barley flakes as affected by batch of grain and processing technique.

Rolled barely flakes were prepared from three different batches of grain by pearling, steaming and rolling. Autoclaved and malted barleys from the three batches were also processed in the same way. Analysis of the nine products showed that both batch of barley and process had significant effects on chemical composition and viscosity. Puddings were prepared from the products and mechanical consistency, juiciness and grain consistency were graded on both newly prepared and heated puddings by a sensory taste panel. Batch of barley had no effect on mechanical consistency but significant effects on juiciness and grain consistency. Type of processing had significant effect on all three parameters for both newly prepared and heated puddings.

Dietary Carbohydrates↗

PubMed1994

Cytogenetic characterization of a periampullary adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, its liver metastasis, and a cell line established from the metastasis and a cell line established from the metastasis in a patient with Gardner's syndrome.

A cell line was established from a liver metastasis of a periampullary pancreatic carcinoma in a patient with Gardner's syndrome. The primary tumor, the liver metastasis, and passages 6 and 15 of the cell line were characterized cytogenetically. The only aberration common to all samples was a der(15)t(8;15); this was probably the primary chromosomal abnormality. Loss of the short arm of chromosome 19 was also found in all samples but was brought about by different aberrations in the primary tumor and the metastasis. The secondary aberrations characteristic of clonal evolution often included further gain of 8q material but losses from 1p, 6q, and chromosomes 17 and 18, all of which have been seen before in sporadic pancreatic and colorectal carcinomas. This is the first cell line established from a tumor in a Gardner's syndrome patient and also the first characterization of an abnormal tumor karyotype associated with this autosomal dominant cancer syndrome.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗

PubMed1994

No rearrangements of the CHOP gene in malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

The human transcription factor gene, CHOP, which maps to 12q13, was recently shown to be disrupted by the t(12;16)(q13;p11) in myxoid liposarcoma. The most common soft tissue sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) histopathologically may contain liposarcoma like areas and is often characterized by complex chromosome anomalies, which may include 12q13-15 aberrations, but never as t(12;16). By Southern blot technique, we detected no rearrangements of the CHOP gene in 41 MFH, including five with liposarcoma like areas. Thus, rearrangements of the CHOP gene appear to be specific for myxoid liposarcoma with t(12;16) and are not associated with lipoblastic differentiation.

CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins↗

PubMed1994

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M1) with multiple trisomies and t(8;21)(q22;q22).

Cytogenetic analysis of an acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M1) showed the karyotype 53,XY, +6, +8,t(8;21)(q22;q22), +9, +10, +13, +19, +21. Only one AML with a massively hyperdiploid karyotype (> 50 chromosomes) and t(8;21) has been published before. A comparison of the two cases reveals similarities both with regard to the morphologic subtype (M1) and to which chromosomes were trisomic (+6, +8, +13, +19, and +21 were found in both cases). We surmise that the t(8;21) was the primary chromosomal abnormality and that the set of multiple trisomies occurred secondarily; this pattern of clonal evolution may have favored a more immature leukemic phenotype in these two cases than is regularly seen in t(8;21)-associated leukemias.

Child↗

PubMed1994

Effects of rye bran, oat bran and soya-bean fibre on bile composition, gallstone formation, gall-bladder morphology and serum cholesterol in Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus).

The effects of rye bran, oat bran and soya-bean fibre on serum lipids, bile composition and gallstone formation were studied in male Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). The control groups received fibre-free stone-provoking (O1 diet) or non-stone-provoking (O2 diet) diets. The serum cholesterol levels were lower for all groups fed on the diets supplemented with the dietary fibre sources compared with the control groups. The total content of bile acids in bile was higher in groups given rye-bran diets compared with the corresponding controls. The proportion of cholic acid was higher and that of chenodeoxycholic and lithocholic acid lower in the groups given rye-bran-, oat-bran- or soya-bean-fibre-supplemented diets, compared with the corresponding controls. The secondary:primary bile acid ratio was lower in the group given the rye-bran-supplemented O1 diet. The lithocholic:deoxycholic acid ratio was lower in the groups given rye-bran-, oat-bran- or soya-bean-fibre-supplemented diets than in the corresponding controls. A lower frequency of gallstones was observed only for the group receiving the rye-bran-supplemented O1 diet while the lithogenic index was lower in the groups given the rye-bran-supplemented O2 diet. A decreased epithelial volume density of the gall-bladder and an increased smooth muscular volume density were observed in animals given oat-bran- and rye-bran-supplemented O1 diets, whereas for the soya-bean-fibre-supplemented O1 diet, only the smooth muscular volume density was increased.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Effect of rye bran on excretion of bile acids, cholesterol, nitrogen, and fat in human subjects with ileostomies.

The excretion of bile acids, cholesterol, dry matter, nitrogen, fat, and energy in ileostomy effluent, and plasma lipid concentrations were studied in eight subjects with ileostomies. The subjects consumed a wheat bread-based, low-fiber diet (LFD) for 3 wk and a rye bran bread-based, high-fiber diet (HFD) for 3 wk. The ileal excretion of dry matter, nitrogen, fat, and energy was higher during the HFD period. The daily excretion and the percentage of conjugated bile acids were significantly higher and the percentage of free bile acids lower in the ileostomy effluents during the HFD as compared with the LFD period. No significant difference in the excretion of cholesterol, net cholesterol, sterol, or net sterol was noted between the HFD and LFD periods. No significant differences in plasma concentrations of HDL-, LDL-, and total cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I and B were observed between the two 3-wk dietary periods.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Fiber-degrading enzyme increases body weight and total serum cholesterol in broiler chickens fed a rye-based diet.

Broiler chickens were fed diets based on either outer or inner endosperm from rye. These diets were fed with or without a fiber degrading enzyme to study the effects of the dietary fiber fraction on production results, body composition, serum lipid concentrations and apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients. Elimination of the dietary fiber effect by the enzyme generally improved the production results and caused an increase in total serum cholesterol concentrations. On average, at d 21 of the experiment chickens fed the enzyme supplemented outer endosperm diet had body weights and serum total cholesterol concentrations -23% and 37% higher, respectively, than those of birds fed the corresponding unsupplemented diet. The body fat content tended to be higher and the protein content was generally lower in chickens fed enzyme-supplemented diets. Chickens fed the unsupplemented outer endosperm diet had a low apparent ileal crude fat digestibility of only 23%, and birds fed the enzyme-supplemented diet had crude fat digestibility that was 113% higher but still lower than that of birds fed the inner endosperm diet. Birds fed enzyme-supplemented diets generally had higher apparent ileal digestibilities of organic matter, crude protein, starch, crude fat and dietary fiber components.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Excretion and degradation of dietary fiber constituents in ileostomy subjects consuming a low fiber diet with and without brewer's spent grain.

Excretion of total dietary fiber and dietary fiber components was studied in 10 human subjects with ileostomies, consuming in a crossover design a low fiber diet (15 g total dietary fiber/d) or this diet supplemented with 62 g/d of brewer's spent grain. Food and excreta were collected and analyzed on d 2, 3 and 7 of each dietary period. No significant differences in excretion of total dietary fiber or dietary fiber components were found on the three days. Excreta from subjects consuming the low fiber diet contained significantly more total dietary fiber than was ingested (20%, P < 0.01), indicating the importance of endogenous and microbial material, contributing to the total dietary fiber value, in ileostomy effluents. Analysis of specific dietary fiber components showed that this increased excretion was mainly due to fucose, mannose, galactose and uronic acid residues. When the high-fiber diet was consumed, there was a significantly greater excretion of the same non-starch polysaccharide residues as for consumption of the low fiber diet, but with a simultaneous decrease in excretion of arabinose, xylose and glucose residues (12%, P < 0.01), which were the major fiber components in the diet.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Fusion of CHOP to a novel RNA-binding protein in human myxoid liposarcoma.

Human myxoid liposarcomas contain a characteristic chromosomal translocation, t(12;16)(q13;p11), that is associated with a structural rearrangement of the gene encoding CHOP, a growth arrest and DNA-damage inducible member of the C/EBP family of transcription factors residing on 12q13.1. Using a CHOP-specific complementary probe and antiserum we report here the presence of an abnormal CHOP transcript and protein in these tumours. Cloning of the translocation-associated CHOP gene product revealed a fusion between CHOP and a gene provisionally named TLS (translocated in liposarcoma). TLS is a novel nuclear RNA-binding protein with extensive sequence similarity to EWS, the product of a gene commonly translocated in Ewing's sarcoma. In TLS-CHOP the RNA-binding domain of TLS is replaced by the DNA-binding and leucine zipper dimerization domain of CHOP. Targeting of a conserved effector domain of RNA-binding proteins to DNA may play a role in tumour formation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1993

The 12q13-q15 translocation breakpoints in pleomorphic adenoma and clear-cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses are different from that in myxoid liposarcoma.

The transcription factor gene CHOP was recently shown to be rearranged in myxoid liposarcoma with t(12;16)(q13;p11). We have analyzed whether the CHOP gene is the target of rearrangements in pleomorphic adenoma and clear-cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses with chromosome abnormalities of 12q13-q15. Restriction fragment analysis showed that the CHOP gene and its flanking sequences were not rearranged in any of these tumor types, indicating that the 12q translocation breakpoints in pleomorphic adenoma and clear-cell sarcoma are different from that in myxoid liposarcoma.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1993

Mapping of the 19p13 breakpoint in an ovarian carcinoma between the INSR and TCF3 loci.

Chromosome rearrangements involving band 19p13 have been described in about half of all ovarian carcinomas. Four ovarian carcinomas with translocations of 19p13 were investigated with 11 DNA probes for markers localized to this band. All markers exhibited normal restriction patterns, suggesting that they were not rearranged. The 19p13 breakpoint of one tumor was mapped to a location between the INSR and the TCF3 loci.

Carcinoma↗

PubMed1993

Effects of oat and rye fractions on biliary and faecal bile acid profiles in Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus).

The effects of bran and starchy endosperm fractions of oat and rye on faecal weight and on biliary and faecal bile acids were studied in Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). The animals fed on diets supplemented with steam-flaked oat bran, oat bran or rye bran had higher wet and dry weights of faeces compared with the animals fed on the fibre-free or low-fibre endosperm diets. A higher mean percentage of biliary cholic acid and a lower mean percentage of chenodeoxycholic and lithocholic (LCA) acids was observed in the bran-supplemented dietary groups. Animals fed on the bran-supplemented diets had increased daily faecal excretion of both total saponifiable and total free bile acids compared with the animals fed on fibre-free or endosperm-supplemented diets. The mean percentage of total saponifiable bile acids in the faeces was higher, and that of free bile acids lower in the animals fed on bran-supplemented diets. A significantly lower concentration of faecal free LCA was observed in the animals fed on the rye-bran diet. Both bran and endosperm diets reduced the faecal LCA:deoxycholic acid compared with the fibre-free diet, but the bran diets had a more pronounced effect than endosperm diets.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Clinical impact of breakpoint position within M-bcr in chronic myeloid leukemia.

We have analyzed the M-bcr breakpoint position in 133 Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukemia patients and correlated the findings with clinical, hematologic, and cytogenetic data. We also investigated the splicing pattern of the BCR-ABL mRNA in 30 patients, using reverse transcriptase PCR. No statistically significant differences were found between breakpoint position within M-bcr and clinical parameters at diagnosis, the karyotypic evolution pattern, or the leukemic phenotype during blast crisis. Furthermore, the breakpoint position within M-bcr did not correlate with the duration of chronic phase or survival time. When the splicing pattern of the BCR-ABL mRNA was compared with the results of the genomic breakpoint mapping, it was found that approximately 60% (8/14) of the patients with a 5' break expressed b2a2 fusion mRNA, whereas all patients (10/10) with a 3' break expressed b3a2 BCR-ABL mRNA.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Rearrangement of the transcription factor gene CHOP in myxoid liposarcomas with t(12;16)(q13;p11).

Most myxoid liposarcomas (MLS) are characterized cytogenetically by a t(12;16)(q13;p11). It is reasonable to assume that this translocation corresponds to the consistent rearrangement of one or two genes in 12q13 and/or 16p11, and that the loci thus affected are important in the normal control of fat cell differentiation and proliferation. We have used Southern blot technique to test whether a gene of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) family, CHOP, which maps to 12q13 and is assumed to be involved in adipocyte differentiation, could be the 12q gene in question. Using a cDNA probe that spans the CHOP coding region, we detected one rearranged and one wild type allele in nine of nine MLS with t(12;16). Using PCR generated, site-specific probes corresponding to the non-coding exons 1 and 2 and intron 2 of CHOP, rearrangements in five of seven tumors mapped to the 2.4 and 1.6 kbp PstI fragments that contain the first two exons and introns of the gene and the upstream promoter region. In contrast to the findings in MLS, no tumor without a t(12;16) exhibited aberrant CHOP restriction digest patterns. These tumors included one highly differentiated liposarcoma with abnormal karyotype but no involvement of 12q13, seven lipomas with various cytogenetic aberrations of 12q13-15, two uterine leiomyomas with t(12;14) (q14-15;q23-24), and one hemangiopericytoma and one chondroma, both of which also had 12q13 changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗