[Occurrence of chronic lead poisoning].
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
P Allain
Publications and source records attributed to P Allain.
Effects of etretinate on the distribution of elements in rats.
We studied in the rat the effects of the drug etretinate (Tigason), given at three doses 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg body wt for 1 mo, on the concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, S, P, Cu, and Zn in the plasma, brain, thymus, heart, liver, lung, kidney, testicle, muscle, and bone. The elements were simultaneously determined in tissues after nitric acid dissolution by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry using a JY 48 instrument. At the dose of 3 mg/kg, etretinate did not induce any statistically significant modifications of the element distribution. At the dose of 10 mg/kg, the main observed modifications were in plasma an increase of copper (+38%) and a decrease of zinc (-25%). At the highest dose of 30 mg/kg, some variations of the concentrations of elements in tissues were observed. But, on no account did retinoids induce an alteration of the mineral composition of bone, despite obvious macroscopic bone alterations.
Animals↗
The distribution of elements in the tissues of Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic Rabbits.
A deficiency or an excess of some elements in the diet is reported to modify the concentration of cholesterol in plasma, and, conversely, a reduction of cholesterol in the diet decreases zinc in plasma. We have studied the distribution of elements Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, S, P, and Mn in the tissues, plasma, heart, aorta, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, thymus, and brain of New Zealand White rabbits (NZW) and of Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic rabbits (WHHL). The WHHL rabbits had a massive hypercholesterolemia (7.45 +/- 1.2 g/L) induced by a lack of liver low density lipoprotein receptors. The concentrations of elements in the tissues of the control NZW rabbits were very similar to those found in the normal rat. In WHHL, compared to NZW, besides the very important increase of total phosphorus in plasma explained by the augmentation of phospholipids, there was an increase of plasma copper (+44%) and zinc (+36%). The other noticeable changes were an increase of iron in heart (+19%), sulfur, and zinc in liver (+15% and +18%). The other changes observed in WHHL rabbits were, besides the increase of ceruloplasmin, the increase of vit E (+468%) and MDA (+62%). In conclusion, despite a massive increase of lipids in plasma, there was no major disturbance of element distribution in WHHL rabbits.
Animals↗
Effects of thyroparathyroidectomy and of thyroxin and calcitonin on the tissue distribution of twelve elements in the rat.
The effects of thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTY) and of replacement therapy using thyroxin (T4) and calcitonin (CT) on the tissue distribution of elements were studied in the rat under semichronic conditions. The elements Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, S, P, Rb, Sr, Mn, Cu, and Zn were determined in whole blood, plasma, brain, liver, heart, kidney, skeletal muscle, and bone. TPTY modified concentrations of all elements tested but only small changes were observed for K, Mg, S, and P. The mineral bone composition was slightly modified, 28 d after TPTY, whereas plasma was the most altered. The consequences of TPTY were corrected fairly well by T4 for Na, Cu, Zn, Fe, and S, and by CT for K, P, Rb but with less efficiency for Ca. This study revealed that hormones of the thyroid gland, mainly T4, play an important role in the plasma and tissue balance of elements. It is suggested that T4 participates in tissue fixation of Cu, Zn, and Fe and that CT influences phosphoremia and cellular Ca binding.
Animals↗
Isoprene and sleep.
Isoprene is one of the main constituents of endogenous origin in exhaled human breath. The concentration of isoprene seems to vary with states of sleep and wakefulness, increasing during sleep and decreasing sharply just after awakening. Thus, isoprene may be involved in in sleep upholding.
Acetone↗
The effects of captopril and enalapril on tissue levels of various elements in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
The effects of two inhibitors of angiotensin I converting enzyme, captopril and enalapril, on the concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, S, P, Sr, Mn, Cu and Zn ions in blood, plasma, heart, skeletal muscle, liver and kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were studied. Captopril and enalapril were given by the intraperitoneal route for 15 days, at 160 mumols/kg/d and 40 mumols/kg/d, respectively. Elements in tissues were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry with a JY 48 instrument. The common changes produced with the two drugs were: a decrease of Na in muscle (-10%), a decrease of Ca in plasma and kidney (less than -10%) and a decrease of Mn in liver (-15%). The main effects observed with only one of the two drugs were: an increase of Cu in plasma (+26%) with captopril, and increases of Sr in heart (+56%), muscle (+79%) and liver (+74%) with enalapril. Zinc concentration in tissues was not modified, except for an increase in liver with captopril (+13%) and a decrease in heart with enalapril (-11%).
Animals↗
Automated fluoroimmunoassay of theophylline and valproic acid by flow-injection analysis with use of HPLC instruments.
For automated determination of theophylline and valproic acid by use of Ames' fluoroimmunoassays we used a high-pressure liquid-chromatographic system consisting of a pump, a robotic unit (Gilson 231/401, to prepare and inject the samples into the flowing carrier), and a fluorometer with a 10-microL flow cell. Results correlated well with those of conventional liquid- and gas-chromatography (r less than 0.96). The between-run CV is about 5%. In comparison with the manual method, the volume of reagents (and thus the cost per analysis) was decreased by eightfold.
Autoanalysis↗
Automated determination of cholinesterase activity in plasma and erythrocytes by flow-injection analysis, and application to identify subjects sensitive to succinylcholine.
This automated spectrophotometric method for determination of cholinesterase activity in erythrocytes and plasma is based on measurement of the choline produced at 30 degrees C by the hydrolysis of acetyl-, butyryl-, or succinylcholine. Blanks, standards, and samples are prepared by a Gilson robotic unit. Use of flow-injection analysis for detection allows use of smaller volumes of reagent and sample. We applied this method to the study of 91 healthy subjects and members of two families with succinylcholine sensitivity. Results with use of the three different substrates for determination of activity in plasma correlated well (r greater than 0.94). Results for plasma and erythrocytes from healthy subjects are lower in women less than 50 years old than in women greater than 50 years or men. Values for plasma obtained with succinylcholine substrate (range: 31 to 100 U/L) allow detection of very sensitive subjects--AA phenotypes (less than 10 U/L)--but do not distinguish the UA from the UU phenotype.
Adult↗
Simultaneous liquid chromatographic determination of norepinephrine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in human plasma.
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3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
[Increase in urinary excretion of vanilmandelic acid and noradrenaline under nifedipine].
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Humans↗
Pharmacokinetics of desferrioxamine and of its iron and aluminum chelates in patients on peritoneal dialysis.
We have studied the pharmacokinetics of desferrioxamine (DFA), ferrioxamine (FeA) and aluminoxamine (AlA) in patients with chronic renal failure on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) after 10 mg/kg (15.24 mumol/kg) body weight desferrioxamine (DESFERAL) administration by intramuscular and intraperitoneal routes. The results show an easy exchange of DFA between the plasma and the peritoneal fluid regulated by the relative concentrations of DFA in the two compartments. When the equilibrium is reached, the concentration of DFA are approximately the same in the plasma and the peritoneal fluid.
Aged↗
Effects of adrenalectomy and of adrenal hormones on the tissue distribution of 14 elements in the rat.
The effects of adrenalectomy (ADY) and of replacement therapy using a mineralocorticoid, deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and a glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX) on the tissue distribution of elements in the rat, were studied under semichronic conditions. The elements Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, S, P, Rb, Sr, Mn, Cu, and Zn were determined in whole blood, plasma, brain, liver, kidney, heart, skeletal muscle, spleen, thymus, and bone. Additionally, Mo was determined in kidney and liver and Ba in bone. ADY modified concentrations of all elements tested. Small changes were observed for K, Mg, Ca, S, and P, whereas much larger changes were noted for Na, Rb, and Sr. Cu, Zn, and Fe were mainly modified in liver and kidney, organs involved in storage and/or elimination. The consequences of ADY were corrected fairly well by DEX for Mg, Mn, Ca, Cu, and Mo; by DOC for Na and K, and by the two corticoids for Zn, Fe, Sr, and Rb. This study revealed that corticoids, mainly glucocorticoids, play an important role in the plasma and tissue balance of elements. It is suggested that these results may have a pathological and clinical significance.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
Distribution of 14 elements in various rat tissues following hypophysectomy, thyroparathyroidectomy, adrenalectomy, and castration.
The tissue distribution of 14 elements was simultaneously determined in rats 28 d after hypophysectomy (HPY), thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTY), adrenalectomy (ADY), and castration (CTN). The elements Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, S, P, Rb, Sr, Mn, Cu, and Zn were investigated in whole blood, plasma, brain, liver, kidney, heart, skeletal muscle, and bone. Additionally Mo was determined in kidney and liver. The following results were obtained: 1) With regard to hormone deficiency: HPY induced the most noticeable variations on all the elements tested owing probably to the direct and indirect effects of adenohypophyseal hormones. ADY led to the expected modification of Na and K but also to a Sr accumulation and a Rb depletion. TPTY induced a sharp decrease in plasma and tissues Ca, an increase in plasma P, but did not disturb the two elements in bone. An increase of Rb in many tissues and of Fe in heart, kidney, and liver were also observed. CTN had little consequences except in bone whose Cu and Fe contents were increased; 2) With regard to element variations: K, Mg, and S underwent little change. Discriminations were revealed between elements such as K and Rb, Ca and Sr, Ca and Mg, and Cu and Zn. The changes of Rb and Sr were consistent with regulatory mechanisms. The accumulation of Fe and Cu in tissues such as liver after HPY, TPTY, and ADY, suggest that the hormonal deficiencies could worsen the hemochromatosis and Wilson's disease; 3) With regard to plasma and tissues: No correlation appeared in element levels between plasma and other tissues. Brain was the least affected and liver, kidney and bone the most.
Adrenalectomy↗
Effect of aluminum and deferoxamine on biliary iron elimination in the rat.
Iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) eliminations in bile were studied in rats after intravenous administration of Fe, Al, deferoxamine mesylate (Desferal, Ciba) (DFA), feroxamine (FeA), and aluminoxamine (AlA) at the dose of 50 mumole/kg body weight. Bile was obtained from the bile duct of anesthetized rats, and the concentrations of Fe and Al in bile were measured by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. The results showed an increase of Fe elimination in bile, from 10 to more than 20 mumole/liter after Fe and also after Al administration; an increase to about 350 mumole/liter after DFA administration; to 250 mumole/liter after FeA administration; and to 100 mumole/liter after AlA administration. Aluminum elimination in bile was increased only after Al and particularly after AlA administration but not after Fe and FeA administration. In conclusion, Al and AlA were able to increase Fe elimination in bile. Thus Al overload observed in hemodialyzed patients may induce an excessive iron loss in bile and partly explain microcytic anemia.
Aluminum↗
[Level of urinary phenol and hippuric acid in control subjects and subjects exposed to benzene and toluene].
Two high-performance liquid chromatographic methods are described, one for assay of phenol in urine, the other for assay of hippuric acid. Steam distillation was used to hydrolyse the sample and separate the phenol from the matrix. A dilution was the only pretreatment of urine for assay of hippuric acid. The upper reference limits obtained from 42 non-exposed subjects were 7.09 mmol/mol creatinine for urinary phenol and 1,174 mmol/mol creatinine for hippuric acid. The mean concentration of urinary phenol was higher in 190 exposed workers (7.21 +/- 5.05 mmol/mol creatinine; mean +/- SD) than in control subjects (3.97 +/- 1.56 mmol/mol creatinine).
Benzene↗
[Genioplasty in adolescence].
Different possible types of genioplasty in adolescence are envisaged: pure subtraction, conjugated subtraction, apposition, addition and in particular transfer for correction of the facial asymmetry of temporomandibular ankylosis sequelae. It is difficult to predict results and it is necessary to remain within a known framework in which esthetic and psychologic demands must occupy a very important place.
Adolescent↗
Altered element concentrations in tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
The involvement of elements in the pathological process of primary hypertension has been established. The tissue distribution of 12 elements was studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive homologous rats (WKY). A multi-element analytical technique allowed simultaneous determination of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, strontium, rubidium, manganese, copper, zinc, iron, sulphur and phosphorus in blood, plasma, brain, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, heart and bone. Most elements were modified in SHR, except Ca, Rb and S. In plasma, an increase in Cu (+22%) and a decrease in K (-8%), Mg (-15%) and P (-11%) were observed. These variations, qualitatively similar to those found in man, suggest that the results in animal tissues could be extrapolated to man. Modifications were observed in all the tissues tested. Among them significant variations were noted in Na (+18%), Mn (+12%) and Cu (+29%) in kidney, and in K (+5%), Mg (+9%), Sr (-29%) and Zn (+14%) in heart. The role of these plasma and tissue variations in hypertension is discussed, as well as the possible involvement of the hypertensive process and/or hormones.
Animals↗
Cyanide and thiocyanate blood levels in patients with renal failure or respiratory disease.
Whole blood cyanide and plasma thiocyanate were measured by a headspace gas chromatographic method and a colorimetric method, respectively, in 16 healthy subjects, in 10 patients with respiratory disease and in 12 patients on chronic dialysis for renal failure. In healthy subjects, whole blood cyanide and plasma thiocyanate concentrations were significantly higher in smokers (1.8 +/- 0.4 mumol/l; 206 +/- 74 mumol/l) than in non-smokers (0.8 +/- 0.4 mumol/l; 74 +/- 19 mumol/l). In renal failure patients on hemodialysis, no difference was noted in cyanide levels (0.6 +/- 0.4 mumol/l), but there was a significant increase in plasma thiocyanate levels during the interdialysis period (62 +/- 24 mumol/l; 91 +/- 24 mumol/l). No difference in cyanide and thiocyanate levels of patients with respiratory disease was seen, in agreement with a weak pulmonary elimination of cyanide.
Cyanides↗