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Biomedical subjects

P Adams

Publications and source records attributed to P Adams.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Naltrexone in autistic children: an acute open dose range tolerance trial.

The safety and efficacy of naltrexone was explored in an open acute dose range tolerance trial in 10 hospitalized autistic children, ages 3.42 to 6.50 years (mean, 5.04). Naltrexone was given in ascending doses: 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg/day. Behavioral side effects were observed as early as 1/2 hour after dosing. Ratings on the Children's Psychiatric Rating Scale showed that withdrawal was reduced across all three dose levels; administration of 0.5 mg/kg/day dose resulted in increased verbal production; and the 2.0 mg/kg/day dose resulted in reduction of sterotypies. Mild sedation of brief duration was the only side effect. Electrocardiogram, liver function tests, and all other laboratory studies remained unchanged throughout the study. These preliminary findings require replication in a larger sample of patients under double-blind and placebo controlled condition.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1989

Atrial septal defect and constrictive pericarditis. An unusual combination.

We describe a case of atrial septal defect associated with constrictive pericarditis. This combination is extremely rare and clinically misleading, since it may simulate other more common conditions. A variety of techniques, such as computerized tomography, echocardiography and cardiac catheterization were necessary for establishing the right diagnosis. Although there are suggestions of a possible association of atrial septal defect with pericardial disease, it is difficult to prove that this combination is other than coincidence.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Cigarette smoking and other correlates of cytologic estrogen effect in postmenopausal women.

Cigarette smoking and other factors associated with estrogen-related diseases may influence risk through hormonal mechanisms. To investigate the sex hormone associations of these risk factors, vaginal scrape cytology specimens and questionnaire data were obtained on 215 postmenopausal women at the time of routine pelvic examination. All specimens were read blindly by one cytologist, and the relationships between the indices of maturation and risk factors were assessed with regression techniques. Current cigarette smoking and obesity were associated with increased maturation. In contrast, years past menopause, parity, and coffee and tea consumption were all unrelated to vaginal epithelial maturation. These results elucidate the mechanisms underlying the antiestrogenic effect of cigarette smoking and support the concept that obesity is associated with an estrogenic effect.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Huntington disease in Georgia: age at onset.

Age at onset of motor symptoms was collected on 611 persons affected with Huntington disease (HD) among 3,201 persons "at risk" in 108 kindreds. Life-table estimates correcting for truncated intervals of observation (censoring) produced a median age at onset 5 years older than the observed mean. Risk estimates of HD onset for persons at risk, as calculated by life-table methods, were significantly higher for older ages than were estimates based on the observed distribution of onsets. Age-specific incidence was found to be highest at age 35-64 years, a considerably older age interval than suggested by previous estimates. The offspring of affected males had significantly younger onset than did offspring of affected females, and a trend suggesting and excess of paternal descent among juvenile-onset cases was present. Life-table analysis is contrasted with analyses of (a) the observed distribution of age at onset and (b) remote cohorts age 63 or older at the time of data collection. The implications for risk prediction, genetic counseling, and genetic analysis of HD are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Rapid method for purification of human T lymphocytes for further functional studies.

We have evaluated a commercially available reagent, T Lympho-kwik, for ability to provide enriched, functional human T cell populations. We have found that this method is more rapid, reliable and efficient than other available methods of T cell isolation and/or macrophage depletion. Although the T Lympho-kwik-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are enriched for T cells, devoid of macrophages, and are not activated by the T Lympho-kwik reagent, they can be induced to proliferate, secrete lymphokines and/or develop alloreactive cytolytic T cell activity under appropriate experimental conditions. Hence, T Lympho-kwik treatment of PBMC is a highly effective technique for providing enriched T cells that are free of accessory cells and that can be used for further functional studies.

Antigen-Presenting Cells↗
PubMed1987

Potassium: its relevance for arrhythmias complicating acute myocardial infarction.

Potassium plays a critical role in cellular electrophysiology. Clinically, serious cardiac rhythm disturbances are a well-recognised complication of profound hypokalaemia. Recent research has focussed on the possibility that serious ventricular arrhythmias, particularly ventricular fibrillation, might be caused by the hypokalaemia that occurs in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Proof of this association would be a strong impetus to develop interventions that might stabilise potassium values in an attempt to produce an antiarrhythmic effect.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1985

Midazolam pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics during acute hypovolemia.

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that acute hypovolemia would compromise the compensatory hemodynamic mechanisms to midazolam and decrease its metabolic clearance. Experiments were performed on seven chronically instrumented female beagle dogs. Animals received a single intravenous dose of midazolam, 10 mg/kg, 4 days apart during normovolemic (N) and hypovolemic (H) states in a random sequence. Hypovolemia was achieved by the withdrawal of 26 ml/kg of blood, equivalent to one-third of the calculated blood volume. Midazolam plasma concentrations were determined at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h after midazolam injection. Elimination half-life (t 1/2 beta) was significantly longer and total clearance was significantly lower during H than during N. Initial distribution half-life, central compartment volume, total volume of distribution, and plasma protein binding were similar in both N and H states. Midazolam caused a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and an increase in heart rate (HR) during N, and produced significant decreases in SBP, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during H. Midazolam led to similar per cent decreases in blood pressure and cardiac output in states N and H; however, the absolute values of blood pressure and cardiac output were significantly (P less than 0.001) lower in the hypovolemic state than in the normovolemic state. These data suggest that the hypotensive effects of midazolam, like those of other intravenous induction agents, could be potentiated by volume depletion.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed1985

Siderophore activity of pyoverdin for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces an extracellular compound with yellowish green fluorescence, called pyoverdin, which functions as a siderophore. The production of pyoverdin, formerly called fluorescein, is concomitant with the production of another siderophore, pyochelin. Pyoverdin is produced by P. aeruginosa in several forms, some of which were separated on gel filtration columns and on reverse-phase, high-pressure liquid chromatography columns. An active form of iron-free pyoverdin was purified to homogeneity. The elution of pyoverdin from the columns was monitored for absorbance, fluorescence, and siderophore activities. These activities, iron binding, and the stimulation of bacterial iron transport indicated that pyoverdin can function as a siderophore for P. aeruginosa. The siderophore function of pyoverdin may be related to the pathogenicity of this bacterium because pyoverdin stimulated growth not only in iron-deficient culture medium, but also in defined medium containing transferrin and in human serum or plasma.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1985

Nonoperative management of benign postoperative biliary strictures.

Selected benign biliary strictures can be treated safely and successfully by percutaneous balloon dilatation. Primary biliary strictures appear to be less responsive to balloon dilatation alone and require stenting with large catheters (16-20 F) for several months to permit scarring around the catheter. A long period of healing around such a large-bore stent is crucial to the success of such treatment. The most important physiologic indicators for successful dilatation are a long period of stricture challenge with a catheter placed proximal to the dilated segment to allow bile to drain internally across the previously strictured segment, and a near anatomic result as demonstrated by cholangiogram.

Adolescent↗