[Biomedical and biotechnological programs of the EEC].
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Biomedical Engineering↗
Biomedical subjects
P A McNair
Publications and source records attributed to P A McNair.
Risk factors for hip fractures. A review.
Risk factors for hip fracture have been reviewed based on case-control and prospective follow-up studies. Falls with impact to the hip, the capacity of energy absorption in soft tissue, and bone strength are closely linked to the risk of hip fracture. Consistently documented risk factors are age, sex, race, low bone mass, low body weight, estrogen deficiency and earlier fracture. Other risk factors are tendency to fall, disability and immobilisation, low physical activity, use of psychotropic/anxiolytic/hypnotic drugs, use of corticosteroid, low calcium intake in the elderly, osteomalacia, thyreotoxicosis, cigarette smoking, chronic alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, insufficient sunlight exposure and a protective effect from thiazide diuretics. Evidence is lacking for risk factors such as heredity, nutrition and medical conditions. No information is available on the combined effects of the different risk factors. Risk estimation of hip fractures should focus on the risk of falls, the capacity of energy absorption and the bone strength. Recent studies indicate that the prevention of hip fractures is realistic, even in the elderly and definitely osteoporotic population when these fundamental risk factors are modified, which has been shown in controlled trials in nursing homes by vitamin D and calcium supplementation or by wearing external hip protectors.
Aged↗
[Clinical decision support and informatics].
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Decision Making, Computer-Assisted↗
[Medical informatics].
Medical informatics is the discipline concerned with information and information streams in health care. The development of information technology has been intensified in recent years and is now influencing the international development within the health care sectors. During the coming decade, integrated hospital networks will supple communication within and between hospitals. New productivity measures useful in administrative planning are being developed. Patient data are being digitalized and stored electronically, and interactive media are implemented in education. Primarily, however, chip-based technologies find application in the evaluation of the increasing quantity of paraclinical data. Internationally product development and research are actively underway. The EEC has established development programmes specifically stimulating these activities. Is Denmark going to take an active part in this development, formalized frames are required.
Denmark↗