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Biomedical subjects

P A Gammelgaard

Publications and source records attributed to P A Gammelgaard.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

The Copenhagen bladder cancer project I.

A material of 746 consecutive patients with tumours of the bladder from three hospitals in Greater Copenhagen for the period 1968-1974 is presented. This is the result of The Copenhagen Bladder Cancer Project. Some of the aims of the project were to describe the manifestations of bladder cancer by means of a number of examination parameters. The material may be regarded as representative for the region. About 80 percent of the patients are men, and the mean age is 66 years, but higher for patients with deeply invasive tumours and tumours of low degree of differentiation. Haematuria was the presenting symptom in 84 percent of the patients, and only 3.4 percent had urinary tract infection as sole first symptom. The interval from first symptom to hospitalisation was an average of 7.6 months, but less for cases of deeply invasive tumours and tumours of low degree of differentiation. About 60 percent of all bladder tumours are evaluated as being without invasion of the bladder nusculature, and 59 percent of the tumours are of a high degree of differentiation (Grade 0+I+II). Squamous cell carcinomas are found in about three percent and adenocarcinomas in about one percent of the cases. Benign papillomas, corresponding to Grade 0 tumours, are found in only one percent of the cases. About 50 percent of all transitional cell tumours are both superficial and show a high degree of differentiation. Grade II tumours show invasive growth in at least 25 percent of the cases and Grade III tumours in at least 77 percent. The bladder tumours are papillomatous in 66 percent of the cases, and 24 percent of the patients have more than one tumour in the bladder. Intravenous urography showed a pathological condition in 70 percent of the patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

The Copenhagen bladder cancer project II.

The aim of this study has been, on the basis of 746 cases of cancer of the bladder from The Copenhagen Bladder Cancer Project, to assess the prognosis in relation to the tumour classification employed. The following five-year survival rates were found: T1, 59.8 percent, T2, 39.0 percent, T3, 19.7 percent, T4, 5.7 percent. There are significant differences in survival between the different T categories. The survival rates were also calculated for the different histological grades, and significant differences were also found here. Both the T classification and the histological grading are, therefore, relevant prognostic criteria. Papillomatous tumours have the same survival, whether solitary or multiple, but solid tumours have a poorer prognosis than papillomatous tumours. Tumour size is likewise a significant prognostic criterion. Of special interest has been the results of radiotherapy related to the same parameters. Neither the T classification nor the histological grading can be used as prognostic criteria for patients in the present material who were treated by radiotherapy. The overall five-year survival for patients treated by radiotherapy was 22 percent. With the investigative parameters employed, it is not possible in advance to select the group of patients with radiosensitive tumours.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Testicular carcinoma in Denmark 1976-1980. Stage and selected clinical parameters at presentation.

Since Jan. 1, 1976 practically all new cases of germ cell tumours of the testis in Denmark have been included in the Danish Testicular Carcinoma Study (DATECA), permitting detailed registration of data concerning histology and stage at the time of diagnosis. The incidence of carcinoma of the testis in Denmark continues to be high with a crude rate of 8 to 9/100 000 males per year. During the past 5 years the size of the primary tumours has decreased. Parallel to this, the rate of metastatic spread has decreased for seminoma, while no such change has been observed for non-seminomatous tumours. Data are presented on histology and stage for 1058 consecutive patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Cisobitan in treatment of prostatic cancer. A prospective controlled multicentre study.

Cisobitan, an organosilicon compound with estrogenic and antigonadotropic properties has been evaluated clinically in comparison with an estrogen preparation. In a multicenter study a total of 140 patients with well and moderately well differentiated prostatic cancer were randomly allocated to treatment with Cisobitan or Estradurin/Etivex, 70 to each group. Of 34 patients with poorly differentiated prostatic cancer 18 were given Cisobitan--and 16 were given Estracyt-treatment. Among the patients with well and moderately well differentiated prostatic cancer there were, disregarding mortality, no major differences in subjective, objective or laboratory response to the two kinds of treatment. The pattern of side effects was similar, but oedema requiring diuretics occurred more often in the estrogen treated group. There was a significant difference in mortality at 12 months between the groups, two in the Cisobitan group and ten in the estrogen treated group. Cancer was the cause of death in two patients in the estrogen treated group. All other patients succumbed in cardiovascular diseases. At 24 months the difference in mortality rate was less pronounced: Another ten patients had died in the Cisobitan treated group and seven among the estrogen treated patients. Cancer was responsible for the deaths in seven of the Cisobitan patients compared to four of the estrogen treated patients. Within three years one more patient in both groups had died. Of the 34 patients with poorly differentiated cancer, twelve were alive at the 24 months' follow up, six in the Cisobitan group and six in the Estracyt group.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1981

Conservation surgery of renal carcinoma: the EIRSS experience.

Seventy-two patients with renal carcinoma (RC) in a solitary kidney or bilateral synchronous tumours underwent parenchyma-sparing excision of their neoplasms. This was performed in situ in 51 and extracorporeally in 21 kidneys, with a complication rate respectively of 17 and 43%. The 5-year survival rates were 78% for unilateral disease, 48% for bilateral synchronous and 38% for bilateral asynchronous disease. Survival correlated with P category, grade and diameter of the tumour. Vascular invasion and spindle cells indicated a poor prognosis; the position of the tumour, oncocytic elements, calcification, lymphocytic infiltration or the predominance of clear cell or granular cells did not influence survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Does antibacterial ointment applied to urethral meatus in women prevent recurrent cystitis?

In a double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial the preventive value of the antibacterial ointment povidone-iodine 10% (Isodine, Betadine) applied to urethral meatus was evaluated in 17 females suffering from recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI). The patients applied povidone-iodine respectively placebo ointment twice daily and before sexual intercourse in two 6-month periods in a cross-over design. No difference was observed in number of UTI during povidone-iodine and placebo prophylaxis. A decrease in the incidence of UTI was seen during application of any ointment. The antibacterial properties of povidone-iodine ointment is unimportant in the prophylaxis of reinfections as also indicated from urethral and periurethral cultures during the study revealing no change in pathogenic bacterial flora. An improved perineal hygiene in the context of application of ointment may be responsible for the reduction in UTI incidence in females with recurrent cystitis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1980

Localization of aldosterone-producing tumours in primary aldosteronism by adrenal and renal vein catheterization.

Regional venous plasma aldosterone concentrations were determined and assessed against concurrent arterial levels in 16 patients with primary aldosteronism. The results obtained by sampling from the left adrenal vein or the left renal vein allowed correct side prediction of the presupposed adenoma in each patient. The problems caused by intermittent secretion of aldosterone by the tumour and the importance of correct positioning of the catheter are emphasized. Repeated sampling and continuing reference to systemic, arterial aldosterone levels proved valuable.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1980

Renovascular hypertension treated by autotransplantation.

Renal autotransplantation was performed in 16 patients with severe renovascular hypertension. The hypertension was cured in 13 patients, 2 patients were improved and one patient had no benefit. The postoperative function and morphology of the transplanted kidneys remained unchanged. In our view, renal autotransplantation is a valuable method in the surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Adrenal scintigraphy in primary aldosteronism caused by an aldosterone producing adenoma.

Adrenal scintigraphy with 131I-19-iodo-cholesterol was performed in 13 hypertensive patients with biochemical disturbances suggesting an aldosterone-producing adenoma. The actual presence of an adenoma was subsequently confirmed in all cases. An asymmetrical tracer uptake (lateralization) was seen in 7 patients and in 6 of these the adenoma was located in the adrenal with the higher uptake. In one patient a large necrotic tumour was not visualized and a faint contralateral accumulation was wrongly taken to represent a tumour. In 6 patients the scintigram was non-lateralizing. In these highly selected patients a lateralizing scintigram had a high diagnostic specificity and at present adrenal scintigraphy should be the method of first choice in the preoperative side prediction. However, the sensitivity is low: a non-lateralizing scintigram does not exclude the presence of an aldosterone-producing adenoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1980

Netilmicin therapy of patients with septicaemia and other severe infections.

25 patients were treated with netilmicin because of suspected or verified septicaemia or other severe infections. Netilmicin was administered intramuscularly in a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight every 8 hours. For patients with elevated plasma creatinine the dosage was reduced according to the degree of elevation. Average length of treatment was 7 days (3-12 days). In 22 patients all symptoms and signs of infection disappeared. In one patient antibiotic treatment had to be changed and in two patients abscesses had to be surgically drained. Kidney function was monitored during and after treatment by plasma creatinine measurements and 51Cr-EDTA clearance. Netilmicin was discontinued in 4 patients because of an increase in plasma creatinine but little or no drug related nephrotoxicity was observed. Audio-vestibular function was monitored during and after treatment. Netilmicin was discontinued in one patient because of slight subjective loss of hearing. Subsequent audio-vestibular examination was normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A follow-up study of hypertensive patients after operative treatment of unilateral renovascular or renal disease.

A study of 44 hypertensive patients with unilateral renovascular or renal parenchymal disease is presented. All patients underwent corrective surgery. Out of the 44 operated patients, five did not participate in the follow-up examination. The remaining 39 patients constitute the study population. The effects of surgery on the hypertensive state could be evaluated in 35 patients, whereas four died less than two months after the operation. Follow-up studies were carried out at 8-60 months after the operation. The average period of observation was 32 months; 24 patients were observed for more than two years. As a group, the patients had severe hypertension with extensive target organ damage and widespread atherosclerosis. A fairly rigorous selection process was applied, and an unsatisfactory response to medical management was considered a point of major importance. In the majority of cases, renovascular lesions were atherosclerotic, with only two cases of fibromuscular dysplasia. Unilateral nephrectomy was performed in 32 patients, whereas seven underwent reconstructive vascular surgery. Out of 35 patients, 22 (63%) were cured, 8 (23%) improved and 5 (14%) unaltered. A gratifying regression of hypertensive lesions in target organs was observed in patients who were cured or improved by surgery. The frequency and severity of postoperative complications were related to the presence of extrarenal vascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Evoked response of the bulbocavernosus reflex.

The bulbocavernosus reflex can be elicited either by penile or urethral stimulation. The mean signal transit time after electrostimulation of the dorsal penile nerve to evoked response in the anal sphincter (35 msec) was only half the signal transit time after stimulation in the posterior urethra (60 msec). Thus, the modified bulbocavernosus reflex elicited either by squeezing the glans penis or by pulling a urethral balloon catheter represents two different reflexes with differenct afferent and probably different intraspinal pathways. In the clinic it is therefore important, when testing the bulbocavernosus reflex, to report how it is elicited.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Prostatic carcinoma treated with 2,6-cis-diphenylhexamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (Cisobitan).

Thirteen patients with stage III or IV carcinoma of the prostate were treated with 2,6-cis-Diphenylhexamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (Cisobitan, a new organosilicon compound. The drug proved to be a strong antiandrogen and exerted all the known effects of estrogens, including feminization and cardiovascular complications. It is therefore doubtful whether Cisobitan will be a reasonable alternative to estrogens in the treatment of patients with advanced prostatic cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

[Urology].

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Graft Rejection↗