Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P A Eiken

Publications and source records attributed to P A Eiken.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Hormone replacement therapy reduces the risk of forearm fracture in postmenopausal women. Results of the Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study].

In a prospective, controlled, comprehensive cohort trial of 2,016 healthy early postmenopausal women aged 45-58 years we studied fracture prevention through the use of oestrogen. There were two main study arms: a randomised arm (randomised to HRT [n = 502] or not [n = 504]) and a non-randomised arm (on HRT [n = 221] or not [n = 789] by own choice). After five years, an intention-to-treat analysis (n = 2,016) showed a reduction in the overall fracture risk (RR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.50-1.05) and in the forearm fracture risk (RR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.22-0.90) with oestrogen. Restriction of the analysis to women who had adhered to their initial allocation of either oestrogen (n = 395) or no oestrogen (n = 977) showed a significant reduction in both the overall fracture risk (RR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39-0.97) and the risk of forearm fractures (RR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.09-0.69). We conclude that it is possible to reduce the number of forearm fractures in early postmenopausal women by the use of oestrogen as primary prevention.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[SERM--selective estrogen receptor modulators].

SERM describes a category of drugs that exert their influence on estrogen-sensitive tissue and are known especially in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. The development and clinical trials of new SERM in recent years seem to establish more fields of diseases, where treatment with SERM may be indicated.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[The effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral content and on fractures].

A review of five case-control- and eight prospective studies provides evidence of a decreased risk of fractures among postmenopausal women, who currently use or ever have used hormone replacement therapy. Twenty-three randomized clinically controlled studies provide evidence that hormone replacement therapy could increase bone mass or at least give a significantly higher bone mineral content than placebo or calcium in both the axial and peripheral skeleton. This is true for 1) healthy early postmenopausal 2) normal elderly women, 3) osteoporotic women, and 4) oophorectomized women. Moreover, one of these studies of osteoporotic women showed a significant decrease in the number of compression fractures of the spine after hormone replacement therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Osteoporosis: assessment, prevention and treatment in Danish departments of orthopedic surgery].

Questionnaires were sent to all departments of orthopaedic surgery in Denmark and all departments of general surgery that treat patients with fractures in order to examine: A) whether patients with osteoporosis are identified, B) whether such patients are treated for osteoporosis, and C) whether doctors need more information about osteoporosis. Fifty-six departments (97%) returned the questionnaires. Eighty-eight percent of the departments do not refer the patients with low-energy fractures to bone mineral densitometry. Only 18% of the departments make further evaluations of patients with possible osteoporosis. Eleven percent of the departments treat patients with a low-energy fracture for osteoporosis. The medication used was typically vitamin tablets combined with calcium. One department used oestrogens and none used bisphosphonates. About half of the departments advised the patients about changes in their lifestyle, and half of the departments wanted more information about osteoporosis. In conclusion, few Danish departments with orthopaedic surgery functions evaluate and treat the cause of the fractures.

Bone Density↗
PubMed1995

[Physical activity and bone mineral content in postmenopausal women].

A review of 18 cross-sectional and 29 prospective studies provides evidence that physical exercise causes an increase in bone mineral content or at least preserves the bone mass of both younger and older postmenopausal women. This is true both for women with normal and with reduced bone mineral content. Regular weight-bearing exercises seem to be especially effective. There are no randomized studies which have been able to prove that physical exercise reduces the incidence and prevalence of low-energy fractures, but this reduction seems probable.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Theophylline treatment of irreversible, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Even though the clinical efficacy is not well established, theophylline is commonly prescribed as a second or third line drug after inhaled beta 2-agonists and corticosteroids for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The therapeutic index is narrow, and therefore theophylline is often given in a "safe standard dose", e.g. 300 mg b.i.d. We studied the long-term effect of sustained-release theophylline 300 mg b.i.d. over four weeks in 48 patients with severe irreversible COPD (FEV1: 0.99 +/- 0.45 l, FVC: 2.21 +/- 0.68 l) in a randomized, double-blind crossover study. During theophylline treatment there was significant improvements in dyspnoea score (p < 0.001) and morning peak-flow (p < 0.05). In spite of this, there was no significant change in the patients' "sense of well-being" or their daily use of inhaled beta-agonist. Spirometric tests or arterial blood gas values did not change significantly either. It is concluded that addition of theophylline in a "safe standard dose" (i.e. 300 mg b.i.d.) has only limited value in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Diagnosis of allergy in bee-keepers. A 1-year prospective study].

Thirty-six Danish bee-keepers were clinically investigated by means of a questionnaire before and after the bee season 1990. Their serum was assayed for IgE and IgG antibody reacting with bee venom, and skin prick tests were performed prior to the season. Thirty-six percent had previously reacted abnormally, either with a systemic reaction (SR) (25%) or a large local reaction (LLR) (11%). Retrospectively, eight of the nine bee-keepers with SR had upon re-exposure developed a normal reaction, in spite of the fact that seven of them had specific IgE and/or a positive prick test at subsequent examination. At follow up 38% of the persons who had previously had a SR reacted with a SR or a LLR on the first sting in the season. Two of eight with previous SR reacted with SR during the observation period in spite of a negative prick test and no specific IgE. Of the bee-keepers who had previously only reacted normally there were no systemic of large localised reactions during the observed period, although six showed signs of IgE-sensitization. The results confirm the problems of identifying patients where immunotherapy is superfluous in the group with previous SR and IgE sensitization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Early discharge after acute myocardial infarction. Cost-effectiveness of early echocardiographic risk evaluation].

A total of 195 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction were examined and risk classified (low or middle/high risk) on the fifth day by two physicians. These two physicians employed two different sets of criteria: conventional clinical examination compared with 2-D echocardiographic assessment of the wall motion of the left ventricle (wall motion index, WMI). Both physicians concluded their examination by determination of a theoretical time for discharge. By design this was on the 5th-7th days for low risk patients by echocardiography, while low risk patients by clinical criteria are normally discharged on the 7th to 8th days. The most sensitive method of identifying the low risk patients was achieved by combining the clinical examination with echocardiographic WMI determination. In this manner, a total of 104 (53%) low risk patients could be identified. A potential saving of 18% of the total duration of hospitalization could be calculated from the two theoretical times of discharge for the total population. All of the patients in this study could be assessed by echocardiography which provided valuable information and thus may be implemented in the routine treatment of acute myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Assessment of the costs of examination and treatment in a department for pulmonary medicine].

Twenty-five patients suspected of having obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSA) were examined in the medical department. Sixteen patients had OSA. The difference between the two groups are described. The socio-economical consequences of the disease are discussed. Five of the patients remitted because of weight loss. Seven patients were successfully treated with nasal airway positive pressure. This treatment is of great benefit for the patients as well as for the society, and is inexpensive.

Adult↗