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Biomedical subjects

P A Brandt

Publications and source records attributed to P A Brandt.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Do parents with an atopic family history adopt a 'prudent' lifestyle for their infant? (KOALA Study).

BACKGROUND: Atopic parents may adopt lifestyle characteristics that allegedly protect against atopic disease. If this is true, infants from atopic parents will be characterized by low-risk behaviour. Consequently, aetiologic studies on lifestyle factors and allergic disease in childhood may be biased by confounding by indication. OBJECTIVE: We explored whether the prevalence of 'prudent' lifestyle characteristics differs between atopic and non-atopic families. METHODS: Information about a family history of atopic manifestations and lifestyle characteristics was collected by repeated questionnaires in the Dutch KOALA Birth Cohort Study in 2469 infants from families with divergent lifestyle practices (conventional vs. alternative). RESULTS: In conventional lifestyle families, infants were less often exposed to environmental tobacco smoke when parents were atopic than when they were non-atopic (10.0% vs. 14.7%, P=0.001). In alternative lifestyle families, exposure to smoking was very rare in both groups (1.7% vs. 2.6%). Pets were less often present in families with than without parental atopy (38.8% vs. 51.1%, P=0.008 for conventional lifestyle families; 43.0% vs. 48.4%, P=0.014 for alternative lifestyle families). Infants with atopic siblings had less often been vaccinated according to the standard scheme than infants with non-atopic siblings in conventional lifestyle families (76.6% vs. 85.5%, P<0.001). In alternative lifestyle families, the difference was in the same direction but not statistically significant (30.1% vs. 40.5%, P=0.143). Antibiotic use, breastfeeding and consumption of organic foods were unrelated to a family history of atopic manifestations. CONCLUSION: Some 'prudent' lifestyle characteristics differed between atopic and non-atopic families, depending on whether atopic manifestations were present in parents or older siblings. This has important consequences for the validity in epidemiological studies on the aetiology of allergy in children. Confounding by indication because of a family history of atopic manifestations can best be controlled for by considering atopy in parents and siblings as separate confounders.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Preparing psychosocial nurse practitioners for health care delivery.

A central task for faculty in programs preparing health care practitioners is to remain timely in educating for the prevailing and future social and health services context. Current considerations in preparing advanced practice psychiatric nurses include the need for greater recognition of comorbidity, concerns about health care access and utilization for vulnerable populations, and changing patterns of practice. In addition, there is a great need to expand the cultural competence and diversity of the population of advanced practice nurses who deliver care to recipients in an increasingly multicultural society. This article describes the educational program developed at the University of Washington to prepare expanded role Psychosocial Nurse Practitioners and sets forth the rationale for major decisions and current directions.

Comorbidity↗
PubMed1993

The impact of a diabetes education program on children and mothers.

To investigate the effect of a diabetes education program for school-age diabetic children and their mothers, an evaluative research approach was used in this exploratory study. Significant gains were made and maintained for 3 months for both the children and their mothers on most of the primary goals of the education program that focused on improving diabetes knowledge and skills. Recommendations are included for improving program effectiveness and research designs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Social support and negative life events of mothers with developmentally delayed children.

The purpose of this study was to obtain an understanding of social support and its relationship to negative life events experienced by mothers of developmentally delayed children. The subjects were 91 mothers of children age 6-months to 3-years-old with developmental disabilities. Questionnaires were completed anonymously by the respondents and returned by mail to the investigator. The measure of social support, the Personal Resource Questionnaire, provided three estimates of support: the availability of a number of resources, the satisfaction with help obtained during problem life situations, and perceived support. The Life Experience Survey provided the estimate of negative life events. The findings of this study indicated that the mothers with a high impact of negative events over the past year felt less supported as measured by perceived support and felt less average satisfaction with the help obtained during problems. The relationship between negative life events was maintained whether negative life events were measured subjectively (impact) or objectively (number). Thus, the more struggles these mothers had, the less they felt supported.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Case-based teaching and learning experiences.

Case-based teaching and learning strategies can be utilized to assist advanced practice psychiatric nursing students in both obtaining requisite knowledge and enhancing clinical reasoning skills. We discuss the benefits of case-based learning in terms of how it (1) contributes to students' appropriate organization of information to be recalled later for use in clinical reasoning situations; (2) generates experiences that students would not otherwise have; (3) increases the visibility of students' clinical reasoning processes; and (4) enhances students' confidence. This article also explores three examples of case-based teaching and learning: use of written cases in a seminar; use of standardized patients in an assessment course; and utilization of web-based cases for learning assessment and intervention skills. Finally, we compare and contrast each of these methods in terms of their relative effectiveness in achieving each of the benefits.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stress-buffering effects of social support on maternal discipline.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether social support and stress influence maternal discipline of the six-month to three-year-old child with a developmental delay. Ninety-one mothers completed self-administered measures of support, stress, and discipline. Results of multiple regression analyses revealed that the stress and support interaction variable showed a strong trend (p less than .09) in predicting restrictive discipline. The failure of the independent variables, social support and stress, to have significant main effects appeared to be due, in part, to the multicollinearity (r = -.51, p less than .001) of these variables. For subsequent analyses, stress was used as a categorization variable. The total number of subjects was categorized first into two subgroups using a median split--high or low maternal stress--and into two other subgroups based on number of developmental delays. Pearson correlations indicated that social support was inversely related to restrictive discipline for high-stress mothers, but not for low-stress mothers. The positive influence of social support was also found for mothers of children with three to five delays but not for mothers of children with one to two delays. A negative response style of maternal discipline was reduced when the mother felt supported.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The PRQ--a social support measure.

The Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ) is a two-part measure of the multidimensional characteristics of social support. Part one provides descriptive information about the person's resources, the satisfaction with these resources, and whether or not there is a confidant. Part two contains a 25-item Likert scale developed according to Weiss's relational dimensions and a five-item Self-Help Ideology scale. The PRQ was administered as the measure of one of the independent variables in a study of 149 male or female spouses of individuals with multiple sclerosis. Content and face validity procedures were completed previous to the study. An internal consistency reliability coefficient of alpha = .89 was obtained for the PRQ Part 2. Moderate intercorrelations for the dimensional subscales--intimacy, social integration, worth, and assistance--indicate that there is some overlap of these dimensions. Low intercorrelations between nurturance and the other four subscales suggest that nurturance is an independent scale. Modest predictive validity coefficients were obtained. At the present time the intended use of the PRQ is for research. Plans for tool development include obtaining further construct validity information and test-retest reliability.

Adult↗