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P A Adriaens

Publications and source records attributed to P A Adriaens.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Chlorhexidine varnishes: a review.

BACKGROUND: Of all chemical plaque control agents, chlorhexidine digluconate has proven to be the most effective and safe. Since 1964, varnishes have been used for local delivery of fluor and are reported to be an effective and easy to use vehicle. During the past decade, varnishes for local delivery of antimicrobial agents have been developed and investigated in vitro and in vivo. AIM: In this paper, the existing literature on the use of 3 different chlorhexidine varnishes in different fields in dentistry is reviewed. METHOD: In vitro results concerning the release of the antimicrobial agents are compared for the 3 different varnish formulations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Clinical reports on the efficacy of controlled-release systems in altering cariogenic and periodontopathic microflora are summarized.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗
PubMed2001

Intra-examiner reproducibility of 4 dental plaque indices.

BACKGROUND, AIMS: The aim of the present study was to assess the intra-examiner reproducibility for 2 established ordinal plaque indices and 2 newly proposed interval plaque indices. METHOD: 15 subjects received a professional tooth cleaning and interrupted all oral hygiene measures for 48 to 62 hours. Plaque accumulation was scored 2x for all canines, premolars and 1st and 2nd molars in the 1st and 3rd quadrants with the visual plaque index (VPI), the modified navy plaque index (mNPI), the axial plaque extension index (APEI) and the proximal plaque extension index (PPEI). 147 teeth (57 molars, 60 premolars, 30 canines) were scored. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found for duplicate measurements with all indices, except for buccal and lingual VPI (p < 0.05. Wilcoxon test) and for buccal APEI (p < 0.01, t-test). High correlations existed between all duplicate measurements with r-values ranging from 0.76 to 0.94. For the VPI, 78% of buccal (kappa = 0.70) and 89% of lingual (kappa = 0.75) scores were identical, whereas this was the case for 88% of buccal (kappa = 0.81) and for 73% of lingual (kappa = 0.62) mNPI scores. For APEI and PPEI scores a linear regression was found with slopes ranging between 0.76 and 1.00. For these indices, the mean measurement error ranged between 0.4 and 9.1%. Results were comparable for VPI, mNPI and PPEI, whereas APEI appeared slightly less reproducible. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, a high intra-examiner reproducibility was found for all plaque indices tested, both the ordinal and the interval indices.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1997

Periodontal implications of bonded versus removable retainers.

Removable retainers have been used by clinicians since the early years of orthodontic practice. During the last decades, an increasing number of cases are retained with bonded lingual retainers. The current study was performed to evaluate whether significant differences in gingival conditions exist between patients who wear removable or fixed retainers. Differences in build-up of plaque and calculus were also investigated. Maxillary and mandibular measurements were taken at baseline (just before debonding) and 1, 3, and 6 months later, from canine to canine on 36 patients. Among these patients, 22 had fixed retainers, and 14 wore removable retainers. The gingival condition was scored according to three parameters: Modified Gingival Index, bleeding on probing, and gingival crevicular fluid flow. After staining with Diaplac, the Plaque Index was registered. The amount of calculus was measured with a calibrated periodontal probe. Gingival inflammation decreased from baseline throughout the entire period of retention. A comparable limited gingival inflammation was found in the presence of both types of retainers. Slightly more plaque and calculus were present on the lingual surfaces in the fixed retainer group. This did not result in more pronounced gingival inflammation than in the removable retainer group, within the evaluated period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Effect of electric toothbrushes versus manual toothbrushes on removal of plaque and periodontal status during orthodontic treatment.

This study compared the effectiveness of three different types of electric toothbrushes, i.e., Interplak, Philips, and Rotadent, with a manual multitufted toothbrush (Blend-a-Med), in removing supragingival plaque and in preventing the development of gingivitis in adolescent patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. A single blind, cross-over, clinical trial was carried out in 36 adolescent patients, randomly divided into four equal groups. Every group tested each type of toothbrush, in a different sequence. Plaque and gingival scores were recorded at baseline and after 1 and 2 months of the test period. All patients received a professional prophylaxis after each clinical evaluation, except during the test period. The analysis of the data was performed with the nonparametric Friedman test. The results demonstrated, in essence, for all parameters that the manual toothbrush was the most effective. Of the three electric toothbrushes tested, the Philips toothbrush seemed to give slightly better results than the Interplak toothbrush, whereas Rotadent very clearly gave results inferior to all others. Personal preference on the four toothbrushes used revealed that the group as a whole least preferred a manual brush. However, the answers on the questionnaire did not always show a logical consistency. Therefore it should be interpreted with some caution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[An evaluation of completely ceramic crowns].

All-ceramic crowns (Cerestore by Johnson & Johnson) were made on premolars and molars following two procedures: the finishing line was a straight shoulder or a hollow chamber. In vivo replicas were made of the marginal zone on the buccal and on the lingual side. The replicas were studied with scanning electron microscopy. Results showed a relatively large variability in marginal discrepancy in the same crown margin ranging from 12.2 mm to 134.3 mm. In a second series of crowns even discrepancies up to 232.7 mm have been measured. The discrepancy slightly increased after cementation. Several crowns fractured during the try-on session. No crowns fractured after cementation in a six months' interval. The gingiva surrounding the crowns remained healthy. The esthetic results were sometimes poor due to the whitish core not covered by porcelain. This study suggests that the Cerestore crowns are acceptable as a solitary restoration in premolar and molar region but that both esthetics and marginal fit can be improved.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed1989

[Bacterial invasion in periodontitis, is it important in periodontal treatment?].

During the progression of periodontal disease bacteria invade the epithelial lining of the gingival pocket and the underlying connective tissue. This invasion was demonstrated in acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG), localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP), rapidly progressive periodontitis in adults (RPP) and in children with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome associated periodontitis. Using morphologic criteria or fluorescent antibody staining techniques spirochetes, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gingivalis, B. intermedius, Actinomyces species, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Mycoplasma have been identified in these tissue compartments. Recent light microscopic, electron microscopic and bacteriological studies demonstrated the presence of invading bacteria in the cementum and in the radicular dentin of teeth with periodontal disease. In 83% of 69 carries free periodontally diseased teeth bacteria were present in one of the dentin layer from the root. In 59% of these teeth the dental pulps contained bacteria. The composition of the flora resembled that of the subgingival flora. The use of chlorhexidine, fluoride, tetracyclines or metronidazole in the elimination of invading bacteria following mechanical periodontal therapy is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Occlusal status and disordered functions. Epidemiologic study of children aged 3 to 6 years in West Flanders].

This study is a part of larger epidemiologic survey done on 504 children, aged 3 to 6 years. The results of the occlusal parameters, and more specially, the relationship between occlusion and parafunction, as there are fingersucking and dummysucking, were analysed and discussed. The examined occlusal parameters were crossbite, open bite, attrition and incisor/molar and lateral movements.

Belgium↗
PubMed1988

Bacterial invasion in root cementum and radicular dentin of periodontally diseased teeth in humans. A reservoir of periodontopathic bacteria.

In this study the viability and the distribution of bacteria within the radicular dentin and pulp of periodontally diseased caries-free teeth were studied. Healthy teeth served as controls. Samples were obtained from the pulp tissue and from the radicular dentin. Dentin samples were taken from the interdental surfaces in the subgingival area. Starting from the pulpal side, three to five successive dentin layers of approximately 1 mm thickness were sampled. The samples were processed and cultured using an anaerobic technique. Bacterial growth was detected in 87% of the periodontally diseased teeth. In 83% of the teeth, bacteria were present in at least one of the dentin layers. Fifty-nine percent of the diseased teeth, from which the pulp tissue was cultured, contained bacteria in the pulp samples. The mean bacterial concentrations in the pulp and dentin layers ranged from 1,399 to 16,537 colony-forming units (CFU) per mg of tissue. These concentrations were 259 to 7,190 times greater than concentrations found in healthy teeth. It is suggested that the roots of periodontally diseased teeth could act as bacterial reservoirs from which recolonization of mechanically treated root surfaces can occur, as well as infection of the dental pulp. These findings might change current concepts concerning root surface debridement in periodontal therapy.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1988

Ultrastructural observations on bacterial invasion in cementum and radicular dentin of periodontally diseased human teeth.

In this study the bacterial invasion in root cementum and radicular dentin of periodontally diseased, caries-free human teeth was examined. In addition, structural changes in these tissues, which could be related to the bacterial invasion, were reported. Twenty-one caries-free human teeth with extensive periodontal attachment loss were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. At the base of the gingival pocket, bacteria were found in the spaces between remnants of Sharpey's fibers and their point of insertion in the cementum. In teeth that had been scaled and root planed, most of the root cementum had been removed. Bacterial invasion was found in the remaining root cementum. The invasion seemed to start as a localized process, often involving only one bacterium. In other areas bacteria were present in lacunar defects in the cementum. These lacunae extended into the radicular dentin. In 11 teeth bacteria had invaded the dentinal tubules. Most bacteria were located in the outer 300 microns of the dentinal tubules, although occasionally they were found in deeper parts. In two of the nontreated teeth, bacteria were detected on the pulpal wall. No correlation was found between the presence of bacterial invasion and the absence of radicular cementum. No bacteria were found in the portion of the root located apically to the epithelial attachment. These data are in agreement with our results from cultural studies of the bacterial flora in these structures. It was also demonstrated that in spite of meticulous scaling and root planning and personal oral hygiene, bacterial plaque remained present on radicular surfaces. Both the invaded dentinal tubules and the lacunae could act as bacterial reservoirs from which recolonization of treated root surfaces occurs. From these reservoirs bacteria could also induce pulpal pathoses. Since these bacterial reservoirs are not eliminated by conventional mechanical periodontal treatment, it seems appropriate to combine mechanical periodontal therapy with the use of chemotherapeutic agents.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1987

Scanning electron microscopy of dentin caries. Experimental in vitro studies with Streptococcus mutans.

This study was performed to gain better insight into the mechanisms involved in carious destruction of human dentin by Streptococcus mutans. In particular, bacterial colonization of dentin surfaces and bacterial invasion in dentin were studied. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), strain NCTC 10449, was grown on sterile dentin blocks in a 10% CO2 atmosphere at 37 degrees C. After 72, 120, 144 and 288 h of incubation the specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopic examination. The colonization of the dentinal surface progressed slowly and was nearly complete after 288 h. Invasion of S. mutans into the dentinal tubules was found occasionally and was limited to the initial 5 micron of the tubular lumen. The acid metabolites produced by S. mutans, caused lesions of the dentinal structures in the close proximity of the bacteria. From the results of this in vitro study it appears that carious destruction of exposed dentinal surfaces by S. mutans mainly occurs at the exposed dentin after it has been colonized by bacteria. Destruction of the deeper dentinal layers by bacteria invading the dentinal tubules may play a less important role. However, in the few cases where S. mutans invaded the dentinal tubules, rapid destruction of the peritubular dentin sheath occurred. In addition, the possibility remains that acid metabolites produced by S. mutans diffuse into the dentinal tubules and cause tissue damage in the deeper parts of the dentin.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1986

Hemangioendothelioma of the gingiva. Histopathologic and therapeutic considerations.

The hemangioendothelioma is a benign neoplasm, rarely observed in the mouth. In the literature, reports on the treatment and on the therapeutic results are lacking. This type of gingival neoplasm was observed in a young adult male. It was located in the attached gingiva in the upper and in the lower jaw, covering almost the entire coronal part of the anterior teeth. An exhaustive internal and neurological examination revealed no associated general disease. The gingival biopsies displayed the typical characteristics of a hemangioendothelioma: proliferation of the blood vessels, with a reduced lumen surrounded by swollen endothelial cells. The treatment consisted of a meticulous mechanical plaque control, chlorhexidine rinses, gingivectomy procedures and a monthly professional prophylaxis. 3 years after the periodontal treatment, the gingival structures remained clinically healthy. In the biopsies, only a small amount of inflammatory cells could be detected. This report shows a case of benign gingival neoplasms of unknown etiology in which meticulous plaque control, combined with extensive gingivectomies and repeated professional prophylaxis may have prevented or, at least, retarded the recurrence of the lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Occlusal relationship in patients with pain-dysfunction symptoms in the temporomandibular joints.

A total of 135 patients (thirty-three males, 102 females) seeking treatment for pain and dysfunction of the TMJ were divided into five subgroups using the clinical dysfunction index of Helkimo. No relation could be found between the number of occluding molars and premolars and the severity of the symptoms nor the evolution of the complaints. A weak correlation was found between the outcome of the treatment with the occlusal splint and occlusal adjustment, and the above mentioned occlusal parameters (r = 0.47).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Radiography in parodontology using the long-cone parallel technic: justification, technological principles and practical application].

Radiographs are an important aid in the periodontal examination and diagnosis. Since they are only the two-dimensional situation, it is important to use a technique that gives the best images. The long-cone paralleling technique meets the highest standards of image-quality. Geometric factors have an important influence on the dimensions and on the proportions of the different structures, especially the crown and the root length, the bone-height. Due to the greater distance between the radiation source and the film, the amount of radiation energy has to be increased. This is partly realised by an increased kilovoltage and milli-amperage. This increase also improves the contrast and the sharpness of the image. The focus-diameter, the film-thickness and the movements during the exposition-time are potential sources of blurring. However, the increased distance between the radiation source and the film reduces considerably the influence of these factors, so that the blurring is nearly invisible. Extra-oral radiographs, as orthopantomographs, are valuable as a first general image. Intra-oral long-cone radiographs are however essential if detailed images are required. The long-cone paralleling technique is based on the following principles: an increased distance between the radiation source and the film to obtain a bundle of parallel rays; an increased distance (except for the lower molar region) between the tooth and the film to obtain parallelism between the film and the long-axis of the tooth; the central beam must be directed perpendicularly to the long-axis of the tooth. If these simple principles are respected, the long-cone paralleling technique becomes a highly reliable method, although easy and fast to realise.

Humans↗