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Biomedical subjects

Osmo Hänninen

Publications and source records attributed to Osmo Hänninen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Dynamic surface electromyographic responses in chronic low back pain treated by traditional bone setting and conventional physical therapy.

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the dynamic surface electromyographic (EMG) activities of back muscles and pain before and after traditional bone setting and physical therapy. METHODS: This study was a prospective clinical trial that compared surface EMG dynamic activities after traditional bone setting and physical therapy. Sixty-one patients (mean age, 41 years) with nonspecific low back pain were randomized into two subgroups by treatment. The patients underwent a dynamic EMG evaluation for which they were asked to stand and then bend forward as far as possible, stay fully flexed, and return to standing. A flexion-relaxation ratio was calculated by comparing maximal EMG activity while flexing with the average EMG activity in full flexion. Concentric (maximal EMG activity during extension) and eccentric (maximal EMG activity during flexion) ratios were also used in the analyses. RESULTS: Disability, depression, and visual analog scale scores decreased significantly after both treatments. The concentric ratio increased statistically in both groups after the treatments. The study failed to show a significant association between experienced back pain and EMG parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Both treatments seem to have a positive influence on back muscle function by improving muscle symmetry; however, the treatments had no effect on the flexion-relaxation phenomenon after 1 month. Active back exercise at home together with rehabilitation treatments might be effective and improve function for patients with chronic low back pain.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Excessive texting in pathophysiology of first carpometacarpal joint arthritis.

A Case with isolated pain and swelling at the base of the left thumb is reported. The problem had lasted for 2 years, and it was getting worse with increasing pain also at the base of the right thumb. The X-ray showed a subluxation and an arthritis of the first CMCJ was diagnosed in left hand. An excision arthroplasty was successfully carried out. The excessive mobile phone use with active texting had been probably the main cause of the problem. Many, especially youngsters use their phones to text and play games a lot. The purpose of this report is to make the researchers and practitioners aware of this problem and to encourage them to record these cases that may be common in future.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Back and neck extensor loading and back pain provocation in urban bus drivers with and without low back pain.

This study assessed low back and trapezius muscle activity in bus drivers, with or without recurrent low back pain (LBP), during the long term driving. In addition, low back and neck-shoulder pain intensities and fatigue were measured and the effect of low back support was observed. Also the possible source of LBP was attempted to assess by vibration pain provocation test and lumbar MRI. Forty bus drivers (recurrent LBP n = 25) participated in this study. Low back and neck-shoulder pain and subjective fatigue intensity was assessed by visual analogue scales (VAS) before and after driving. Lumbar paraspinal and trapezius muscle activation during driving was measured by surface EMG. Vibration pain provocation test was applied for all subjects. Average paraspinal myoelectric activity during driving was approximately 1% of MVC in both groups. Average trapezius myoelectric activity during driving was from 2 to 4% of MVC. Trapezius muscle activity was higher in back healthy drivers than in those with LBP. The low back support had no effect either on paraspinal or trapezius EMG activity. Low back and neck-shoulder fatigue increased during driving in both groups especially in those subjects with positive vibration pain provocation. The neck-shoulder pain and fatigue were more severe in drivers suffering from LBP. Low back support had no effect on low back and neck-shoulder subjective fatigue and neck-shoulder pain but tended to limit the LBP increase during driving. Paraspinal muscle loading in urban bus drivers was very limited and either LBP or ergonomic low back support had no effect on it. Trapezius muscle seemed to be less active in drivers suffering from recurrent LBP. Internal disc disruptions may expose to pain and fatigability during driving.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Responses of the autonomic nervous system during periods of perceived high and low work stress in younger and older female teachers.

The aim of this study was to examine the response of the autonomic nervous system in younger (mean age 31 yrs, n=14) and older (mean age 54 yrs, n=14) healthy female teachers during work periods of perceived high and low stress. In the younger participants, heart rate, cortisol excretion rate and psychosomatic symptoms were significantly higher during the high work stress period. The older participants experienced no decrease in their heart rate and cortisol excretion during the low stress period and they exhibited no significant decrease in blood pressure after the work in the evening during both periods. It may be concluded that the recovery from the stress in the older teachers was insufficient particularly in view of their elevated diastolic blood pressure during the low work stress period. Ergonomic and individually tailored measures in terms of work time control, specific relaxation techniques, and a part-time retirement may improve the stress management of older teachers.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and exercise-induced oxidative stress in trotters.

Strenuous exercise is a potent inducer of oxidative stress, which has been suggested to be associated with disturbances in muscle homeostasis, fatigue and injury. There is no comprehensive or uniform view of the antioxidant status in horses. We have previously shown that moderate exercise induces protein oxidation in trotters. The aim of this study was to measure the antioxidative capacity of the horse in relation to different antioxidant components and oxidative stress markers after a single bout of moderate exercise to elucidate the mechanisms of antioxidant protection in horses. Eight clinically normal and regularly trained standard-bred trotters were treadmill-exercised for 53 min at moderate intensity. Blood samples were collected prior to and immediately after exercise and at 4 and 24 h of recovery. Muscle biopsies from the middle gluteal muscle were taken before exercise and after 4 h of recovery. Acute induction of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) did not prevent exercise-induced oxidative stress, which was demonstrated by increased lipid hydroperoxides (LPO). Pre-exercise ORAC levels were, however, a determinant of total glutathione content of the blood after 4 and 24 h of recovery. Furthermore, baseline ORAC level correlated negatively with 4-h recovery LPO levels. Our results imply that horses are susceptible to oxidative stress, but a stronger antioxidant capacity may improve coping with exercise-induced oxidative stress.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

The effects of some Mannich bases on heat shock proteins HSC70 and GRP75, and thioredoxin and glutaredoxin levels in Jurkat cells.

Mannich bases interact with cellular thiols and inactivate thioredoxin reductase. In this study, the effects of cytotoxic mono-Mannich bases 2, 3 and cyclic Mannich base C1 on the expression of cytoprotective heat shock proteins (HSC70 and GRP75) and on levels of thioredoxin (TRX) and glutaredoxin (GRX) were investigated in Jurkat cells. Cells were exposed to the compounds for 24 h in cell culture medium with 1% FBS. C1 and 2 increased the levels of HSC70 (200% of control) in all the concentrations tested, but 3 did not affect HSC70 levels. Whereas 3 increased GRP75 expression (123-154%), 2 and C1 either did not affect (95-87% for 2, and 88% for C1) or slightly decreased GRP75 expression (82% for 2 and 67% for C1). Mannich bases generally decreased GRX levels (68%, 63-77% and 33-71% for 2, 3 and C1, respectively), but 3 increased GRX levels at 1 microg/ml (142%). Whereas 2 and 3 decreased TRX levels (30-79% and 37-44% of control, respectively), C1 increased the expression of TRX (156-201%). Our results suggest that decreases in GRX and TRX due to the alkylating effects of Mannich bases might have prevented cell division and decreased survival in Jurkat cells, which could not be prevented by increased heat shock protein expression.

Glutaredoxins↗
PubMed2005

Editorial 2005.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Editorial↗
PubMed2005

Back extensor muscle oxygenation and fatigability in healthy subjects and low back pain patients during dynamic back extension exertion.

The purpose of this study was to assess if chronic low back pain patients have impaired paraspinal muscle O2 turnover and endurance capacity as compared to healthy control subjects during dynamic exercise. Middle-aged healthy male subjects (n = 12, control) and male patients with chronic low back pain (n = 17, CLBP) participated in the study. L4–L5 level paraspinal muscle fatigue was objectively assessed during earlier validated 90 s dynamic back endurance test (spectral EMG, MPFslope). Also EMG amplitude (EMGamplitude) and initial MPF (MPFinitial) were assessed from the initial 5 s of the endurance contraction. Simultaneously near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used for quantitative measurement of local L4–L5 paraspinal muscle O2 consumption. Subcutaneous tissue thickness (ATT) was measured from the EMG and NIRS recording sites. The results indicated that control and CLBP groups were compatible as regarding anthropometric variables, paraspinal muscle activation levels (EMGamplitude), initial MPF (MPFinitial) and ATT. When the ATT was used as a covariate in the ANOVA analysis, CLBP group did not show significantly greater paraspinal muscle fatigability (right MPFslope – 12.2 ± 10.7%/min, left right MPFslope – 12.6 ± 13.3%/min) or O2 consumption (right NIRSslope – 52.8 ± 79.6 μM/l/s) as compared to healthy controls (right MPFslope – 11.9 ± 7.6%/min, left MPFslope – 12.7 ± 8.6%/min, right NIRSslope – 53.7 ± 95.2 μM/l/s). As a conclusion, these CLBP male patients did not show any impaired rate of paraspinal muscle oxygen consumption or excessive paraspinal muscle fatigability during dynamic exercise as compared with healthy controls. Subcutaneous tissue thickness has a strong influence on the NIRS and EMG amplitude measurements and, if unchecked, it could result in the false interpretation of the results.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Exercise-induced oxidative stress and muscle stress protein responses in trotters.

Acute exercise induces oxidative stress and heat shock protein (HSP) expression. Information on the protection of stress proteins against oxidant insult and muscle damage during moderate exercise is scanty. We aimed to show how a single bout of moderate exercise affects the markers of oxidative stress and heat shock factor-1 (HSF1; the transcriptional regulator of HSP synthesis), and HSP70, HSP90 and glucose-regulated protein (GRP75) expression in horses. Eight clinically normal and regularly trained standardbred trotters were treadmill-exercised for 45 min at moderate intensity. Blood samples were collected prior to and immediately after exercise and at 4 and 24 h of recovery. Muscle biopsy samples from the middle gluteal muscle were taken before exercise and after 4 h of recovery. Acute exercise did not activate HSF1 or induce expression of HSP70, HSP90 or GRP75 in skeletal muscle. One bout of acute exercise increased protein oxidation, which was measured by protein carbonyls in plasma and muscle, but it did not effect 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts, which are markers of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, mild muscle damage was observed 4 h after exercise. Our results showed that horses are susceptible to oxidative stress. One bout of exercise at moderate intensity and duration did not induce HSP responses despite the increased protein oxidation and tissue inflammation in equine muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Exercise training modulates heat shock protein response in diabetic rats.

Strenuous exercise induces oxidative stress and modification of intracellular proteins. Exercise training, however, upregulates endogenous antioxidant defenses and heat shock protein (HSP) expression. In diabetes, perturbations in the endogenous antioxidant and HSP protection have been reported. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of 8 wk of endurance training on HSP expression and oxidative stress markers in the skeletal muscle, heart, and liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic (SID) and nondiabetic control rats. Induction of diabetes decreased HSP72 expression in heart, liver, and vastus lateralis muscles. SID increased heme oxygenase-1, an oxidative stress-inducible HSP, in liver, red gastrocnemius muscle, and vastus lateralis muscle and glucose-regulated protein 75 in liver. SID increased HSP90 levels in the heart, but levels decreased in the liver. Diabetes induced oxidative stress marker protein carbonyl levels and tissue inflammation. Although endurance training increased the expression of HSP72 in all of the tissues examined, this induction was less pronounced in diabetic rats than in nondiabetic controls. Furthermore, endurance training induced the activation and expression of transcriptional regulator heat shock factor-1 only in nondiabetic control animals. In summary, diabetes may increase susceptibility to oxidative damage and impair HSP protection, but endurance training may offset some of the adverse effects of diabetes by upregulating tissue HSP expression. Our results suggest that diabetes impairs HSP protection, possibly via transcriptionally mediated mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Lumbar paraspinal muscle function, perception of lumbar position, and postural control in disc herniation-related back pain.

STUDY DESIGN: A follow-up study evaluating postural control, lumbar movement perception, and paraspinal muscle reflexes in disc herniation-related chronic low back pain (LBP) before and after discectomy. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of discectomy on postural control, lumbar perception, and reflex activation of paraspinal muscles during sudden upper limb loading. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Impaired muscle function, postural control, and lumbar proprioception have been observed in LBP. However, they have not been studied in sciatica patients after surgery. METHODS: The study included 20 patients selected for an operation for chronic LBP caused by disc herniation and 15 controls without chronic LBP. The paraspinal muscle responses for upper limb loading during unexpected and expected conditions were measured by surface electromyography. The ability to sense lumbar rotation was assessed in a previously validated motorized trunk rotation unit in the seated position. The postural control was measured with a vertical force platform. Pain, disability, and depression scores were recorded. RESULTS: Patients had poorer lumbar perception (P = 0.012) and postural control (P < 0.05) than did healthy controls. The postural control remained unchanged, but lumbar perception (P = 0.054) and the lumbar feed-forward control (P = 0.043) improved after the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate impaired lumbar proprioception and postural control in sciatica patients. During short-term follow-up after operative treatment, postural control does not seem to change, but impaired lumbar proprioception and feed-forward control of paraspinal muscles seem to recover.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2003

Paraspinal muscle denervation, paradoxically good lumbar endurance, and an abnormal flexion-extension cycle in lumbar spinal stenosis.

STUDY DESIGN: A descriptive study was conducted to investigate the paraspinal muscle function in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate paraspinal muscle innervation and endurance in lumbar spinal stenosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Abnormal lumbar paraspinal muscle function is associated with chronic low back pain. Abnormal neurophysiologic findings of the lower limbs often are observed in lumbar spinal stenosis, and abnormal lumbar function also can be expected. However, paraspinal muscle function and innervation have not been studied in lumbar spinal stenosis. METHODS: The study evaluated 25 patients with clinically and radiologically diagnosed lumbar spinal stenosis. Electromyography of the paraspinal muscles was performed from L3 to S1 bilaterally using a concentric needle. At least 20 insertions were analyzed from each muscle. The aim of the examination was to detect abnormal spontaneous activity associated with axonal damage (fibrillation potentials, positive sharp waves, and complex repetitive discharges). Paraspinal muscle activity during trunk flexion-extension movement and muscle endurance during the dynamic isoinertial back endurance test were assessed by surface electromyography. Muscle fatigue was calculated using mean power frequency analysis. RESULTS: Abnormal findings in needle electromyography of the paraspinal muscles were observed in 18 of the 22 (81.8%) examined patients. Abnormal flexion-extension activation of the paraspinal muscles was observed in all the examined patients. The change in mean power frequency was significantly smaller than in previously evaluated healthy subjects and patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain (P < 0.001) who were not experiencing symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis. Paraspinal muscle fatigability was not associated with the denervation of the muscles. CONCLUSIONS Denervation and abnormal activation of lumbar paraspinal muscles are frequent findings in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis who have not undergone surgery. The paraspinal muscle endurance of the patients was unexpectedly good.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Physical activity during leisure and commuting in Tianjin, China.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate physical activity during leisure time and commuting among persons aged 15-69 years in the urban population of Tianjin, China, and to assess its associations with demographic and health-related characteristics. METHODS: In 1996 a cross-sectional survey of 2002 males and 1974 females provided information on physical activity during leisure time and commuting and on demographics and health behaviours. FINDINGS: No leisure-time physical activity was engaged in by 67% of females and 61% of males. However, only 4% of females and 9% of males reported an absence of physical activity during commuting. The mean duration of leisure-time physical activity for the whole population was about 10 min per day. The average commuting time on foot or by bicycle was about 30 min. Leisure-time physical activity was more frequent among highly educated people, people with high incomes, white-collar workers, married people, non-smokers, or people commuting on foot or by bicycle than among other people. Persons with low incomes, male blue-collar workers and married people were more likely than others to engage in 30 min or more per day of physical activity on foot or by bicycle when commuting. CONCLUSION: People in Tianjin engaged in a high level of physical activity when commuting and a low level of leisure-time physical activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Reducing the physical work load and strain of personal helpers through clothing redesign.

This study assessed the effects of redesigning clients' clothing on the physical work load and strain of personal helpers. Five women, aged 18-54 years, who helped persons with physical disabilities were measured at their worksites before and after development of the clothes worn by clients. The physical work load and strain of the helpers' dressing/undressing of clients were determined from their hand and back movements, work time, muscular activity, heart rate (HR), percentage of heart rate range (%HRR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). The muscular activity of the right (p=0.05) and left (p=0.02) trapezius muscles, HR (p=0.03), and %HRR (p=0.03) of the helpers were lower when the new outerwear was used in place of traditional outerwear. Four helpers reported lower perceived exertion, and three had shorter work time with the new outerwear. This study showed that redesigning clients' clothing can help reduce the physical work load and strain of personal helpers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Cytotoxicity of some azines of acetophenone derived mono-Mannich bases against Jurkat cells.

Acetophenone derived mono-Mannich bases (Ig1-Ig4), 1-aryl-3-amino-1-propanone hydrochlorides, which are known to have cytotoxicity in Jurkat cells, were synthesized. Then, they were converted to corresponding azine derivatives (D1-D4), N, N'-bis(3-amino-1-aryl-propylidene)hydrazine dihydrochlorides, which are bifunctional agents. The aryl part was replaced by phenyl in Ig1, Ig2, Ig3, D1, D2, and D3, and by p-hydroxyphenyl in Ig4 and D4. The amine part was replaced by dimethylamine in Ig1, D1, Ig4 and D4, by piperidine in Ig2 and D2, and by morpholine in Ig3 and D3. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the modification in chemical structure, converting the mono-Mannich base to a corresponding azine derivative, improves the cytotoxicity. In addition, the effect of the representative compound, D3, N, N'-bis(3-morpholine-4-yl-1-phenylpropylidene)hydrazine dihydrochloride, on cellular glutathione level after 1 h exposure in phosphate buffer at 37 degrees C was also determined to provide information on a possible mechanism of cytotoxic action. Compounds D2-D4 are reported for the first time in this study. Except for Ig2 and D2, the cytotoxicity of mono-Mannich bases, Ig1, Ig3 and Ig4 and corresponding azine derivatives, D1, D3 and D4 were higher than the reference compound 5-FU. Azine derivatives D1 and D4 had almost equal cytotoxic potency with corresponding mono-Mannich bases Ig1 and Ig4, respectively. On the other hand, azine derivatives D2 and D3, had 1.28 and 1.90-times less cytotoxicity in Jurkat cells compared with the mono-Mannich bases, Ig2 and Ig3, respectively, from which they are derived. Azine derivative D3 dose-dependently decreased the total cellular glutathione level, suggesting that azine derivatives may exert cytotoxicity by thiol alkylation. Azine derivatives with equal or less cytotoxic potency compared to the mono-Mannich bases they are derived from seemed to be less suitable derivatives for the development of new cytotoxic compounds.

Acetophenones↗
PubMed2003

Psychophysiological stress in high school teachers.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to follow psychophysiological stress over a year with four repeated measurements in full-time employed high school teachers and to compare their results with those obtained in the part-time retired teachers, gardeners and rescue workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects consisted of 17 (10 females, 7 males) full-time and 9 part-time employed teachers (7 females and 2 males) in three high schools, 12 female gardeners and 13 male rescue workers. The data on job conditions, well-being, and psychosomatic symptoms were obtained by a questionnaire. The perceived stress was recorded using a visual analogue scale. The neuroendocrine reactivity was assessed by determining the diurnal urine excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Electromyography of the trapezius muscle was recorded during working days in all subjects and in full-time teachers on one day in the holiday season. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured in the morning and in the afternoon. RESULTS: Psychophysiological stress in the full-time employed teachers was at similar levels on all three working days in December, March and November. Recovery from psychophysiological stress of working period was observed on summer holidays. Blood pressure, static muscle tension, perceived strain, psychosomatic symptoms and epinephrine level decreased significantly during the summer holidays as compared to the working days. The full-time employed teachers reported more perceived stress and psychosomatic symptoms than the part-time retired teachers or gardeners and rescue workers. Also static muscle activity was higher in full-time teachers than in rescue workers on the working days. CONCLUSIONS: More emphasis should be given to prevent psychophysiolocigal stress among teachers as well as to develop stress coping methods, and part-time working systems to facilitate work ability of aging teachers.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Paraspinal muscle responses during sudden upper limb loading.

The paraspinal muscle responses for unexpected and expected upper limb loading were investigated by surface EMG of 20 healthy volunteers. The simultaneous trunk and hand accelerations with paraspinal, biceps brachii and soleus muscles EMG were measured in four subjects. A short-latency response of approximately 50 ms was observed in paraspinal muscles. The latency was approximately 3 ms shorter (P = 0.017) during "expected" trials on average and the latency shortened during the first three expected trials (P = 0.02). Anticipation also decreased the magnitude of the response (P < 0.05). Trunk movement initiated approximately 35 ms and approximately 50 ms after the impact of the load at T6 and T12 levels, respectively. In conclusion, visual expectation shortens the latency and decreases the magnitude of the paraspinal muscle response to sudden upper limb loading. Also, the trial repetition has an effect on reflex latency if visual information is available. These results indicate that anticipation modulates the reflex control of paraspinal muscles, which may be significant in understanding spinal function.

Acceleration↗