Biomedical subjects

Oksana Tsinman

Publications and source records attributed to Oksana Tsinman.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

PAMPA - excipient classification gradient map.

The effect of excipients on the artificial membrane permeability (Double-Sink PAMPA) properties of eight sparingly soluble drugs was studied. Quantities of excipient were selected to match the concentrations expected in the gastrointestinal fluid under clinically relevant conditions. Over 1,200 measurements were performed. To correct for the effects of the aqueous boundary layer and determine the intrinsic permeability, precisely measured ionization constants were used. The intrinsic permeability of weak acids was enhanced (up to 100 fold) but that of weak bases depressed (up to 270 fold) by the excipients: mefenamic acid > glybenclamide > progesterone > griseofulvin > clotrimazole > astemizole > dipyridamole > butacaine. Excipient enhancement ranked: 3 mM NaTC > 0.24% PEG400 > 0.2 M KCl > 0.24% NMP > 5% PEG400 > 0.24% PG > 1% PEG400 > 0.1M KCl > 1% PG > 1% NMP > 5% PG > 0.24% HP-beta-CD > 1% HP-beta-CD > 15 mM NaTC. The study clearly indicates that the method is suitable for use in preclinical development to assess the effect of excipients on the permeability of sparingly soluble drug candidates. The method is quick, cost-effective, and reasonably accurate. The self-rank-ordered PAMPA-Mapping may be a helpful visualization tool for delivery screening.

Cell Membrane Permeability↗

PubMed2006

PAMPA--a drug absorption in vitro model 13. Chemical selectivity due to membrane hydrogen bonding: in combo comparisons of HDM-, DOPC-, and DS-PAMPA models.

This study compares the intrinsic permeability coefficients of 40 drug molecules, obtained by three popular variants of the PAMPA assay, based on: (a) n-hexadecane, (b) 2% w/v dioleyoylphosphatidylcholine in n-dodecane, and (c) 20% w/v lecithin in n-dodecane, the HDM-, DOPC-, DS-PAMPA models, respectively. It was shown that PAMPA permeability values consistently rank in magnitude according to: DS>DOPC>HDM, with molecules like metoprolol showing 1000-fold greater permeability in DS than in HDM. Abraham descriptors were used to rationalize these observations. Water-solubilized polar molecules form very strong H-bonds with the solvent. Such molecules need to break these bonds in order to enter the pure alkane phase, which, in turn, offers no compensating H-bond solvation. Thus, more energy appears to be needed for a polar molecule to penetrate a pure alkane barrier, compared to a barrier possessing some H-bond interactions. The 20% phospholipid content of the DS-PAMPA lipid may be thought to ease the permeation process, by offering a compensating source of H-bonding within the membrane phase.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2004

Ionization, lipophilicity, and molecular modeling to investigate permeability and other biological properties of amlodipine.

This paper uses a recent approach toward drug discovery, in which in silico tools and experimental data are combined together to study the structural features of amlodipine and their relevance in the peculiar pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of this long acting calcium antagonist. Results reveal for amlodipine two families of conformers (folded and extended) but also demonstrate that protonation is the predominant factor governing amlodipine intermolecular interactions among which ionic forces play a major role.

Amlodipine↗

PubMed2004

PAMPA--a drug absorption in vitro model 7. Comparing rat in situ, Caco-2, and PAMPA permeability of fluoroquinolones.

Parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) was used to measure the effective permeability, P(e), as a function of pH from 4 to 10, of 17 fluoroquinolones, including three congeneric series with systematically varied alkyl chain length at the 4'N-position of the piperazine residue. The permeability values spanned over three orders of magnitude. The intrinsic permeability, P(o), and the membrane permeability, P(m), were determined from the pH dependence of the effective permeability. The pK(a) values were determined potentiometrically. The PAMPA method employed stirring, adjusted such that the unstirred water layer (UWL) thickness matched the 30-100 microm range estimated to be in the human small intestine. The intrinsic permeability coefficients (10(-6)cm/s), representing the permeability of the uncharged form of the drug, are for 4'N-R-norfloxacin: 0.7 (R=H), 49 (Me), 132 (n-Pr), 365 (n-Bu); 4'N-R-ciprofloxacin: 2.7 (H), 37 (Me), 137 (n-Pr), 302 (n-Bu); 4'N-R-3'-methylciprofloxacin: 3.8 (H), 20 (Me), 51 (Et), 160 (n-Pr), 418 (n-Bu). Increasing the alkyl chain length in the congeneric series resulted in increased permeability, averaging about 0.34 log units per methylene group, except that of the first (H-to-Me), which was about 1.2 log units. These results were compared to Caco-2 and rat in situ permeability measurements. The in situ closed loop technique used for obtaining permeability values in rat showed a water layer thickness effect quite consistent with in vivo expectations. The rat-PAMPA correlation (r2=0.87) was better than that of rat-Caco-2 (r2=0.63). Caco-2-PAMPA correlation indicated r2=0.66. The latter correlation improved significantly (r2=0.82) when the Caco-2 data were corrected for the UWL effect.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

PAMPA--a drug absorption in vitro model 11. Matching the in vivo unstirred water layer thickness by individual-well stirring in microtitre plates.

Many plate-based in vitro assays of membrane permeability (e.g., Caco-2, MDCK, PAMPA) of sparingly soluble candidate molecules report permeability of water, and not of the intended membrane barrier. This is so because the unstirred water layer on both sides of the membrane barrier is rate limiting for these highly permeable molecules. The thickness of this water layer can be 1500-4000 microm in unstirred assays. Under in vivo conditions, however, the unstirred water layer is believed to be 30-100 microm thick. Lightly stirred in vitro assays, using plate shakers, cannot lower the thickness of the water layer to match that found in vivo. In this study, 55 lipophilic drugs were employed to characterize the effect of stirring in parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA). Highly efficient individual-well magnetic stirring at speeds greater than 110 rpm has been demonstrated to lower the unstirred water layer thickness to the in vivo range. Stirring at 622 rpm has lowered the layer thickness to 13 microm in some cases, which had not been previously achieved for plate-based permeability assays. With diminished water layer contribution at 622 rpm, for example, the effective permeability of progesterone is 2754 x 10(-6) cm/s. The new stirring apparatus used in this study is not only suitable for PAMPA, but can also be used in Caco-2 assays. Because of the diminished resistance of the thinner water layer, the stirred PAMPA permeation time has decreased from the usual 15 h to about 15 min for lipophilic compounds.

Absorption↗

PubMed2004

Acid-base cosolvent method for determining aqueous permeability of amiodarone, itraconazole, tamoxifen, terfenadine and other very insoluble molecules.

A high-throughput, UV-detection PAMPA (parallel artificial membrane permeability assay) cosolvent procedure is described, based on the use of 20% v/v acetonitrile in aqueous buffer. A training set of 32 drugs (17 bases, 13 acids, 2 ampholytes) was studied both in aqueous buffer and in cosolvent-buffer solutions. A procedure was devised, where intrinsic permeability values, log P(o)(COS), measured in cosolvent solution, are converted to values expected under cosolvent-free conditions, using an in silico model based on Abraham H-bond acidity (alpha) and basicity (beta) descriptors, developed with the Algorithm Builder computer program, to obtain aqueous intrinsic permeability values: log P(o)=0.738+0.885 log P(o)(COS)-1.262alpha+0.436beta, r(2)=0.97, q(2)=0.96, s=0.38, n=32, F=279. Five sparingly-soluble weak bases (solubility <1 microg/ml), which could not be characterized without cosolvent, had their aqueous intrinsic permeability, P(o), estimated: miconazole 0.32 cm/s; itraconazole 3.2 cm/s; amiodarone 13 cm/s; tamoxifen 28 cm/s; terfenadine 162 cm/s.

Acids↗