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Biomedical subjects

Ohiko Hashimoto

Publications and source records attributed to Ohiko Hashimoto.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Association between the neurofibromatosis-1 (NF1) locus and autism in the Japanese population.

Autistic patients have a 100 to 190-fold increased risk of neurofibromatosis compared to the general population. This suggests that the two diseases may share a common etiological background. Recently, a new allele (or the six-repeat allele) of the (AAAT)(n) repeat polymorphism in an Alu sequence in the neurofibromatosis-1 (NF1) gene was observed exclusively in severe autistic patients, not in controls, in Caucasians of French ancestry. This suggests a role of the NF1 gene in the development of autism. We investigated three microsatellite polymorphisms within the intron-27b and intron-38 of the NF1 region, including the (AAAT)(n) and two (CA)n repeat polymorphisms, in Japanese subjects with autism (n = 74) and controls (n = 122). The six-repeat allele of the (AAAT)(n) polymorphism was not found either in patients or controls, possibly indicating an ethnic difference in the polymorphism. However, significant differences were observed in the allele distributions of the (AAAT)(n) and a (CA)(n), which were located at intron-27b, between patients and controls, although an association was not significant between autism and another polymorphism at intron-38. This may suggest an involvement of the NF1 locus in susceptibility to autism, although further investigations are recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) locus in Japanese subjects with autism.

Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) gene is considered a candidate locus for infantile autism for several reasons. The present study investigated two polymorphic sites (C/450/T and C/661/T) in the second exon of the GRPR gene in Japanese patients with autism (DSM-IV) and healthy subjects. The two polymorphic sites were at high linkage disequilirium, consistent with a previous study in a North American population. The C450-C661 allele, which was observed in one-third of the chromosomes from the North American subjects, was less frequent (6-7%) in the Japanese subjects, suggesting a large ethnic difference in the frequency of the polymorphism. The allele frequencies and genotype distributions were not significantly different between the patients and controls. However, further studies are required to exclude the GRPR locus as a candidate locus for autism, considering the low frequency of the polymorphism in the Japanese subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Support for the family from infancy].

A rising tendency has been reported for child abuse in our country in recent years, and the need to provide support for child-care capabilities in the home has been raised. In this context, attention has turned to the mother-child relationship and the mother's mental health from early on, in pregnancy and the antenatal period. In particular, it has become clear that the incidence of post-partum maternity blues and puerperal depression is higher than hitherto believed, drawing focus upon the effects of the mother's depression on the mother-child relationship. This report outlines the research and clinical intervention we have been undertaking for the mother's depression in pregnancy and the puerperium in relation to maternal attachment. 1) Results from studies in the puerperium on a group of mothers with children admitted to the NICU and a control group of mothers, and a 1-year follow-up study on the control group of mothers have revealed a relationship between a mother's depression and maternal attachment in the puerperium with depression and maternal attachment after 1 year, indicating the importance of focusing on the mother's depression and maternal attachment from the puerperium in thinking about maternal mental health and the mother-child relationship. 2) We have been attempting clinical intervention for the mother's psychological problems through the obstetric clinic, obstetric ward, and NICU, since 1998. The number of subjects, interviews, interview content, and other such data are reported. 3) A borderline personality disorder case we have been involved with clinically from age 19 is presented, for discussion of problems arising in the mother-child relationship from pregnancy through the child-rearing years.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Antenatal depression and maternal-fetal attachment.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, attention has been turned to maternal mental health in relation to the mother-child relationship accompanying a widening in focus, i.e. taking into account not only the puerperium, but also the stage of pregnancy. This applies to studies that have revealed a connection between depression and maternal attachment in the postpartum period and late pregnancy. This study, however, was designed to evaluate the maternal-fetal relationship in the first and second trimesters, being the first one to address this issue in these early stages. SAMPLING AND METHODS: Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS), the original Antenatal Maternal Attachment Scale (AMAS), and a questionnaire addressing peripheral factors were given to 216 pregnant women (3-6 months of gestation) who visited the Nagoya University Hospital between September 1998 and June 2001. RESULTS: Contrary to reports on the latter stages of pregnancy, no direct association was observed between depression in mothers and maternal-fetal attachment before fetal movement was perceived. CONCLUSION: However, education, form of employment, planning of pregnancy, and premenstrual mood changes were found to be associated with the ZSDS score (mean: 41.9), while form of employment, feelings regarding pregnancy, and sources of support were extracted as factors associated with the AMAS, which are of interest in terms of the subsequent association between depression and maternal-fetal attachment in the peri- and postnatal periods.

Adult↗