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Biomedical subjects

O Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to O Yoshida.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Microsurgical side-to-end epididymovasostomy: surgical technique and outcomes].

The surgical procedures and results of microsurgical epididymovasostomy for obstructive azoospermia at the epididymis are reported. These procedures include the separation of a single epididymal tubule, an incision in the side wall, and a side-to-end anastomosis to the mucosa of the vas deferens under microscopic view. The tunica of the epididymis and the muscle layer of the vas are sutured together to support the mucosal anastomosis. Ten patients with epididymal obstruction underwent the side-to-end epididymovasostomy. The group consisted of two with Young's syndrome, one with an epididymal blow-out after vasectomy, one unsuccessful epididymoepididymostomy, 4 after epididymitis and 2 cases of unknown origin. After the operation, sperm appeared in 9 patients, and semen quality was normalized in 4 patients, all of whom impregnated their wives. Microsurgical side-to-end epididymovasostomy is a much easier procedure than Silber's specific tubule method, and results in a high success rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of urinary incontinence among the nursing home elderly].

We assessed the prevalence of urinary incontinence and contributory factors such as senile dementia, impaired mobility, medication, associated disorders and urinary tract infection in 98 elderly residents of a nursing home. The residents' mean age was 79 years, and 78% were women. Urinary incontinence was found in 47 (48%), of whom 21 had severe urinary incontinence for which they needed to wear diapers. Senile dementia and impaired mobility were observed in 53 (54%) and 45 (46%), respectively. We also found that those with both dementia and impaired mobility had significantly (p less than 0.01) precipitated urinary incontinence. However, no significant effects on urinary incontinence were observed for associated disorders, medication or urinary tract infection. A cystometrogram performed in 73 of the 98 residents revealed detrusor overactivity in 47%. In addition, there were significant correlations between the incidence of detrusor overactivity, and the prevalence of dementia or urinary incontinence. These results suggest that senile dementia and immobility are independent risk factors for urinary incontinence in the elderly, and that detrusor overactivity, which was found to be associated with senile dementia, is a possible cause of urinary incontinence.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Present status and questions on early prostatic cancer (stage A, B)].

Prostatic adenocarcinoma confined to the prostate gland can be eradicated with radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. Accurate staging including pelvic lymphadenectomy is needed for defining adequate therapeutic modality. Effort must be made in detecting low stage prostatic cancer. Stage A1 prostatic cancer have to be followed carefully to determine its prognosis and thus most suitable therapy for it.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[A clinical evaluation of AMS Hydroflex in the treatment of impotence].

The AMS Hydroflex penile prosthesis was implanted in 34 organic impotence patients between June 20, 1986 and Aug. 6, 1990. Patients ages ranged between 26 and 71 with an average of 50.5. The causes of impotences were; 17 cases of post-radical pelvic surgery, 7 cases of injury, 6 cases of diabetes and 4 of others. First evaluation was made after 12 weeks of implantation in terms of patient satisfaction with sexual intercourse and post operative complication. Sixteen patients (47.1%) were highly satisfied with intercourse, 13 (38.2%) satisfied with intercourse, 2 (5.9%) slightly dissatisfied even with successful intercourse, 1 (2.9%) with no improvement and 2 (5.9%) could not follow. Utility of the prosthesis, e.g. effectiveness and safety was; high utility in 20 (58.8%), good utility in 11 (32.4%), slight utility in 1 (2.9%), no favorable in 1 (2.9%) and no judgement in 1 (2.9%). The overall effectiveness and safety of the Hydroflex was demonstrated based on the above findings. Long term evaluation was made from the initial implantation of the device up to the termination of the trial with average of 19.2 months and was mentioned altogether.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Trace elements and plasmapheresis.

The relationship between serum aluminum (Al), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) and plasmapheresis (PP) treatment was examined. Three patients with rheumatoid arthritis, six with myasthenia gravis, and 6 with multiple sclerosis were studied. Serum Al, Zn, Cu, and Fe were measured before and after PP. Plasma was separated by first filtration; a second filtration separated the plasma components. Three liters of plasma were treated in each PP session. With each PP treatment, total protein (TP) removed was 20 +/- 5% and serum albumin removed was +/- 6%. Serum Al rose significantly (p less than 0.01 from 1.1 +/- 0.2 micrograms/dl pre-PP to 2.8 +/- 0.4 micrograms/dl post-PP. Serum Zn, Cu, and Fe decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) from 86.2 +/- 7.4 micrograms/dl, 126 +/- 18 micrograms/dl, and 108 +/- 14 micrograms/dl pre-PP to 58.4 +/- 10.2 micrograms/dl, 104 +/- 6 micrograms/dl, and 82 +/- 16 micrograms/dl post-PP, respectively. Two days after the end of the six-month PP treatment, serum Al levels rose significantly (p less than 0.01), from 1.1 +/- 0.2 micrograms/dl to 3.6 +/- 0.8 micrograms/dl. However, serum TP, serum albumin, and serum Zn, Cu, and Fe did not change significantly. It thus appears essential in PP treated patients, to remove Al from the blood to protect against aluminum intoxication.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Nucleotide sequence of the thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh gene) of Vibrio mimicus and its evolutionary relationship with the tdh genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

The gene encoding a hemolysin similar to the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was previously cloned from the chromosome of Vibrio mimicus. The nucleotide sequence of the hemolysin gene was determined in this study. The gene proved to be a variant of the thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh gene) and was designated as Vm-tdh because the sequence divergences between the Vm-tdh gene and four tdh genes of V. parahaemolyticus were 2.1-3.0%, while the sequence divergences among the four tdh genes of V. parahaemolyticus ranged between 1.4 and 3.3%. Analysis of these five tdh genes revealed that they evolved from a common ancestor in discrete and understandable order by sporadic base substitutions.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Clinical studies on adequate dosage of heparin during immunoadsorption with membrane plasmapheresis.

Heparin has been used as an anticoagulant during hemodialysis and plasmapheresis. Recently, immunoadsorption with membrane plasmapheresis (IAP) has been used for treatment of myasthenia gravis and multiple sclerosis. Ten patients were examined. Plasma heparin levels were studied before IAP, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes after the start of IAP, and at the end of IAP. Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), bleeding time, plasma fibrinogen levels, fibrin degradation products, and complete blood count were measured pre- and post-IAP. In general, plasma heparin levels lower than 1 IU/ml during plasmapheresis are adequate. The dosage of 40 IU/kg/hr of heparin administered during IAP resulted in plasma heparin levels lower than 1 IU/ml. APTT pre-IAP (36.8 +/- 3.4 sec) were nearly one-half values of APTT post-IAP (6.2 +/- 9.70 sec). In conclusion, 40 IU per kg of the body weight per hour is an acceptable dose of heparin during IAP.

Heparin↗
PubMed1990

Increased expression of genes for basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor type beta 2 in human benign prostatic hyperplasia.

It is now widely accepted that factors other than androgen are crucial in the normal and abnormal growth of the prostate, including human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Using a Northern blot analysis, we examined human normal and benign hyperplastic prostates for expressions of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), acidic FGF, transforming growth factor type beta 2 (TGF-beta 2), TGF-beta 1, and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Basic FGF mRNAs were detectable in all the prostates examined. In addition, levels of basic FGF expression were significantly higher in BPH than in normal prostate. Acidic FGF transcripts were undetectable except in one case of BPH. Although both TGFs were expressed in all the samples, TGF-beta 2 showed significantly increased levels of expression in BPH as compared to those in normal prostate, while TGF-beta 1 did not. No EGF was expressed in any of the prostates examined. These findings suggest that specific growth factors (basic FGF and TGF-beta 2) produced locally in the prostate may be involved in BPH development.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

A case-control study of prostatic cancer in Kyoto, Japan: sexual risk factors.

A case-control study on prostatic cancer was conducted in Kyoto, Japan, from 1981-1984, including 100 patients with prostatic cancer (PC) and age, hospital, and date-of-admission matched controls of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and general hospital patients. Analysis of several sexual factors obtained through a self-administered questionnaire revealed the following observations: 1) cancer patients had fewer sex partners before marriage (relative risk, RR = 0.35; 95% confidence interval: 0.13-0.93) than the hospital controls; 2) they had more vigorous sexual activities in the third (RR = 2.89; 1.01-8.28) and fourth decades of life (RR = 2.26: 1.03-4.95) than hospital controls, but no significantly different sexual activities from controls in other decades; 3) they had less frequent orgasms (RR = 2.55; 1.11-5.83) than BPH controls or (RR = 4.96: 1.78-13.9) hospital controls, and sexual intercourse appeared to be less satisfactory (RR = 2.08: 1.05-4.13) than that of hospital controls; and 4) they had less frequent episodes of sexually transmitted diseases (RR = 0.36: 0.16-0.83) than BPH controls. Marital status, fertility, ejaculation, masturbation, nocturnal emission, contraceptive use, and wife's episodes of sexually transmitted disease were not linked to prostatic cancer risk.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1990

Effects of succinylated concanavalin A on infectivity and syncytial formation of human immunodeficiency virus.

The effects of various lectins on the infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 was investigated. Among the 25 lectins investigated, 2 types of concanavalin A (Con A) and 3 types of phytohemagglutinin were found to inhibit HIV infection. Succinylated Con A (S-Con A) efficiently blocked HIV-induced formation of syncytia in a coculture of MOLT-4 cells and blocked cell-free infection by HIV of MT-4 cells. The HIV-binding study revealed that S-Con A only partially inhibited viral binding to cells, although the control Leu-3a monoclonal antibody strongly inhibited it. When S-Con A was added to cultures after the initiation of viral adsorption, the number of HIV antigen-positive cells that developed depended on the time interval before addition of the compound. S-Con A inhibited HIV infection even after viral binding to cells at 0 degrees C and further incubation at 37 degrees C for 1 day. These data suggest that S-Con A inhibited mainly the fusion process rather than viral binding to cells in exerting its anti-HIV activity.

Cell Fusion↗
PubMed1990

The role of prostatic specific antigen in monitoring prostatic cancer and its prognostic importance.

Serum prostatic specific antigen (PA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) levels were measured in 113 untreated patients with prostatic cancer and in 137 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Of the 113 cancer patients, 81% and 69%, respectively, were detectable by means of PA or PAP assay alone. PA was a more sensitive indicator, than PAP in all stages, especially localized disease (stages A, B and C). Using the BPH group as a negative control, specificities of PA and PAP were 81% and 94% respectively. In another group of 68 patients with BPH whose blood samples were taken immediately after prostatic manipulation, both PA and PAP levels were elevated significantly. In 87 of the 113 cancer patients the two markers were serially determined, and 22 patients presented disease progression. Concerning the sensitivity within 6 months before progression, PA appears to be more reliable than PAP in early detection of disease progression. According to Kaplan-Meier projections, the patients with normal pretreatment PA levels had significantly longer intervals to progression than did those with moderate to marked PA elevation (more than 100 ng/ml) (P less than 0.05). This study shows that PA is more reliable than PAP for detection and monitoring of prostatic cancer. Pretreatment PA levels appear to be of a high prognostic value for time to progression, irrespective of stage and treatment regimen.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1990

Silicon transfer during haemodialysis.

Silicon transfers were examined during haemodialysis (HD) in 120 chronic HD patients who received 5-hour dialyses 3 times a week. Si levels were measured by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Ultrafiltrable Si levels approximately equalled dialysate Si levels. Serum Si levels before HD significantly increased in all patients and total protein values were also high. It is concluded that serum Si levels increasing with time during HD with cellulose acetate or cuprophan is due to haemoconcentration and liberation from the silicon rubber tube.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1990

Alpha 1-adrenergic receptor-mediated excitation from the locus coeruleus of the sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neuron.

Electrophysiological studies using alpha-chloralose anesthetized cats were performed to elucidate whether or not noradrenaline derived from the locus coeruleus (LC) activates sacral intermediolateral (IML) cell column neurons, from which the sacral parasympathetic neurons originate. LC stimulation induced a spike in the sacral IML cell column neurons (parasympathetic interneurons), which were not antidromically activated by stimulation of the pelvic nerve, with a mean latency of 65.4 +/- 4.64 msec (mean +/- S.E., n = 12). In the sacral IML cell column neurons (parasympathetic preganglionic neurons), which were antidromically activated by pelvic nerve stimulation with a mean latency of 5.32 +/- 1.23 msec, LC stimulation also elicited a spike with the mean latency of 67.9 +/- 4.53 msec (n = 7). Iontophoretic application of prazosin, an alpha 1-adrenergic blocking agent, inhibited spikes elicited by LC stimulation in 8 of 12 sacral parasympathetic interneurons tested, but no alterations of LC stimulation-induced spikes were seen during iontophoretic application of sotalol, a beta-blocking agent. In contrast, spikes elicited by LC stimulation in the sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurons tested were not affected by iontophoretic application of either prazosin or sotalol. These results suggests that noradrenaline derived from the LC activities the parasympathetic interneurons in the sacral IML cell column through alpha 1-adrenergic receptors, thereby inducing excitation of the sacral parasympathetic neurons receiving impulses from the interneuron.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Pradimicin A inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus: attenuation by mannan.

The mechanism of action of a novel anti-HIV antibiotic, pradimicin A, has been studied using cell-free (MT-4 cells) and cell to cell (MOLT-4 and MOLT-4/HIVHTLV-3B cells) HIV infection systems. The data indicate that (1) preincubation of the cells with HIV at 0 degrees for 1 hr, followed by the addition of pradimicin A and further incubation at 37 degrees, resulted in a complete inhibition of infection while preincubation at 37 degrees did not. Similar data were obtained with the coculture between MOLT-4 and MOLT-4/HIV cells. (2) Virus treated with pradimicin A followed by washing did not show any inhibition on subsequent HIV binding to cells. (3) The inhibitory effect of pradimicin A on HIV infection was prevented by mannan but not by other sugars tested. Mannan, however, did not interfere with the anti-HIV activity of other known inhibitors. (4) Use of EGTA suggested that pradimicin A required Ca ions to exert its anti-HIV activity. These data imply that pradimicin A inhibits an early step in HIV infection, probably through its binding to mannose residues of HIV glycoprotein.

Anthracyclines↗
PubMed1990

Prognostic significance of prostate specific antigen in endocrine treatment for prostatic cancer.

The prognostic value of prostate specific antigen was evaluated to predict disease progression after endocrine therapy in patients with prostatic cancer. A total of 73 patients was studied (6 with stage B2, 16 with stage C, 9 with stage D1 and 42 with stage D2 disease). Endocrine therapy included bilateral orchiectomy, diethylstilbestrol diphosphate and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue. Pre-treatment serum prostate specific antigen levels were determined in all patients with an enzyme immunoassay kit. During a followup of 4 to 68 months (average 24 months) clinical disease progression occurred in 24 of the 73 patients. The pre-treatment prostate specific antigen level by itself did not predict disease progression. Changes in prostate specific antigen level with treatment were correlated with the interval to disease progression in the 44 patients who had prostate specific antigen determinations at regular intervals after endocrine therapy and whose initial level was greater than 10 ng./ml. Patients who had a decrease in the prostate specific antigen levels of 80% or more within 1 month after the beginning of therapy survived significantly longer free of disease progression (p less than 0.001). Patients whose prostate specific antigen level remained elevated for more than 3 months had a high risk of disease progression within 2 years. Our study suggests that patients with the more favorable prognosis can be identified early, after 1 to 3 months of endocrine therapy, by the rapid decrease in the prostate specific antigen levels.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1990

Mediation of micturition reflex by central norepinephrine from the locus coeruleus in the cat.

We examined whether norepinephrine originating in the locus coeruleus mediates the micturition reflex in anesthetized cats. 6-Hydroxydopamine, a catecholamine neurotoxin, injected bilaterally into the locus coeruleus markedly decreased catecholamine fluorescence in the lesioned area and induced urinary retention after 72 to 84 hr. At this time, there was no or only slight contraction of the urinary bladder induced by its distension, while the contraction was noted before the treatment. However, phenylephrine, an alpha 1-receptor agonist, applied intrathecally in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated animals induced moderate bladder contraction. In sham-operated animals, the bladder contraction on its distension was inhibited by intrathecally applied prazosin, an alpha 1-receptor antagonist. Thus, in the micturition reflex, norepinephrine derived from the locus coeruleus acts on the alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in the sacral cord, and induces urinary bladder contraction via activation of the sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurons.

Animals↗