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O Wigertz

Publications and source records attributed to O Wigertz.

70 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Knowledge-based systems in medicine--a Nordic research and development programme.

A Nordic research and development programme, 'KBS in Medicine' (KUSIN-MEDICINE), was run in 1986-89. Its main goal was to acquire an understanding of applying knowledge-based techniques in medicine and of the limitations of present-day artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies. The programme comprised four experimental installation sites (Tampere in Finland, Uppsala and Linköping in Sweden, and Aalborg in Denmark) each prototyping in one or more medical domains. The programme was financed by the Nordic Fund for Technological and Industrial Development, by national funds for applied research and by a number of industries. Prototype decision support systems were produced in the following domains: intensive care (Tampere, Uppsala, Linköping, Aalborg), clinical chemistry (Tampere, Uppsala) and clinical neurophysiology (Aalborg in collaboration with Turku and Uppsala). These served to transfer this technology to industry and helped to identify limitations of this technology.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Kave: a tool for knowledge acquisition to support artificial ventilation.

A decision support system for artificial ventilation is being developed. One of the fundamental goals for this system is the application of the system when a domain expert is not present. Such a system requires a rich knowledge base. The knowledge acquisition process is often considered to be the bottleneck in acquiring such a complete knowledge base. Since no single available method, for example interviewing domain experts, is sufficient for removing this bottleneck, we have chosen a combination of different methods. The different backgrounds of knowledge engineers and domain experts could cause communication restrictions and difficulties between them, e.g. they might not understand each others knowledge domain and this will affect formulation of the knowledge. To solve this problem we needed a tool which supports both the knowledge engineer and the domain expert already from the initial phase of developing the knowledge base. We have developed a knowledge acquisition system called KAVE to elicit knowledge from domain experts and storing it in the knowledge base. KAVE is based on a domain specific conceptual model which is a result of cooperation between knowledge engineers and domain experts during identification, design and structuring of knowledge for this domain. KAVE includes a patient simulator to help validate knowledge in the knowledge base and a knowledge editor to facilitate refinement and maintenance of the knowledge base.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of decision support systems in medicine.

Evaluation deals with the measurement or judgement of system characteristics and with comparison of these with the frame of reference. Evaluation of medical decision support systems is important because these systems are planned to support human decision making in tasks where information from different sources is combined to support clinicians' decisions concerning diagnosis, therapy planning and monitoring of the disease and treatment processes. As the field of decision support systems is still relatively unexplored, standards or generally accepted methodologies are not yet available for evaluation. Evaluation of medical decision support systems should be approached from the perspectives of knowledge acquisition, system development life-cycle and user-system integrated environment.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study of the usage of a decision-support system for infective endocarditis.

The objective of this study was to examine a design for a World Wide Web-based decision-support system in use by clinically active physicians. A prototype implementation of the design concerned management of infective endocarditis patient cases. The design was based on an integration of hypertext and rule-based knowledge. In the study sessions, physicians in the field of internal medicine worked on managing authentic patient cases in a laboratory setting. Data was collected from interviews with the physicians using video recordings and stimulated recall technique. The qualitative data was analysed according to the constant comparative method in order to develop a model of the physicians' usage of the system. The resulting model describes perceived contributions and criteria for usefulness of the system. The ways the physicians used the system showed that it was able to provide patient-specific support for confirming clinical decisions, for higher-level patient management, and for preparing for and initiating expert consultations. Users also stated that new medical knowledge could be gained as a side effect of using the system.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computers and physicians--an appraisal study.

The use of computers to improve health care delivery in a cost-conscious era is increasingly considered appropriate and is even recommended by the World Health Organization. Provision of adequate and appropriate health care requires a large amount of information. However, the assessment of acceptance, of existing skills and of the ability of people to learn and absorb computer technology is still a neglected aspect in the implementation of computer systems. Therefore, in order to address this problem, a study was performed among end users in a rapidly developing country. The results demonstrated that the physicians are interested, but that an information gap exists. Respondents with some experience and information accepted the potential of the computer as a decision support tool, but those without experience had reservations.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MCHS: an application software for family welfare programmes.

At the level of first contact, a primary health care centre, information management is an unwieldy task, therefore health information systems are reported to be inadequate and weak. Microcomputers could improve information management at this level, but there is little success due to a lack of specialized application software. In this paper we describe software developed after a multi-centre systems analysis study, on an essential data set, to support the delivery of the public health programmes for family welfare, i.e. maternal health care, family planning and immunization programmes. The modular approach was taken to develop a common application software for information management use at multiple sites. The software is tested in a laboratory mode by retrospective data entry from sites in Sweden and in India. All the information could be entered and site-specific reports that were generated are compared. The software provided a common data collection format, an essential platform for outcomes research.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A statistically rule-based decision support system for the management of patients with suspected liver disease.

The paper describes how a decision support system in liver diseases, mostly oriented to prediction of the necessity for liver biopsy, has been developed. The system designed is a hybrid one and consists of two parts: logical and statistical. The logical part contains rules, formulated on the basis of current medical knowledge, which enables recognition of clear cases; diseased or non-diseased. The unclear cases are classified on the basis of rules statistically extracted from databases. These rules have been reached after a comprehensive exploratory analysis of the sample of 165 patients with slightly to moderately raised levels of routine liver tests but without signs or symptoms of liver diseases. The extracted decision diagrams which simulate traditional medical diagnosis conduct have been found to be superior to discriminant analysis and probabilistic inductive learning. They use only a limited number of laboratory tests to detect the necessity for biopsy.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Terminology support for development of sharable knowledge modules.

Lack of an agreed infrastructure for terminology is identified as one of the major barriers to interchange of knowledge modules and integration of knowledge bases with other clinical information systems. The goal of the GALEN project is to bridge this gap between different terminology systems through the construction of a terminology server, which is based on a rich conceptual model with mapping facilities to natural language expressions and coding schemas. The long term goal is to support communication between medical information systems. Arden Syntax is a standard format for the creation of knowledge modules, with sharability as one of the main objectives. Since Arden Syntax is based on a data-driven approach, the data items used need to be adapted to locally available terminology. The GALEN approach appears to be complementary to Arden Syntax and to the development of sharable knowledge modules. The major theme of this paper is utilization of the GALEN terminology server for knowledge module authoring. Two systems are presented, a knowledge base manager and a client to the terminology server, allowing the user to navigate in the semantic network and to import concept definitions and terms into the knowledge modules. The benefit of the terminology server, allowing the user to navigate in the semantic network and to import concept definitions and terms into the knowledge modules. The benefit of the terminology services is discussed.

Artificial Intelligence↗