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Biomedical subjects

O Weiland

Publications and source records attributed to O Weiland.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A in Iceland in relation to age, sex, and number of notified cases of hepatitis.

The prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) was investigated in 623 outpatients in Iceland. No difference in anti-HAV prevalence according to sex or rural vs. urban residence was found. The prevalence rates in different age groups were found to be comparable to those in the Scandinavian countries, increasing from 1.6% (1/63) in persons below 20 years of age to 66% (51/77) in persons above 60 years of age. The numbers of notified cases of hepatitis (epidemic jaundice) in Iceland during the 20th century showed a pattern of repeated epidemics up to the early 1950s, after which low rates were noted. The incidence of hepatitis dropped 30-fold during the 20th century. Persons born after the latest epidemic in 1952 were positive for anti-HAV in only 4.7% (7/150).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

An epidemic outbreak of hepatitis A among homosexual men in Stockholm. Hepatitis A, a special hazard for the male homosexual subpopulation in Sweden.

In 1979-1980, a distinct outbreak of hepatitis A occurred among homosexual men in Stockholm, Sweden, city and county area. The epidemic comprised 145 known cases. It began in December 1979 and progressed in waves during the following 10 months, with three distinct peaks separated by about six-week intervals. Actually, the incidence of hepatitis A in the Stockholm area showed a fivefold increase during 1980 as compared to the previous year. Clinical serologic, and social characteristics were studied more closely in 98 of the 145 homosexual men. Verification of hepatitis A was made by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay technique for detection of antibody to hepatitis A virus of the immunoglobulin M class. In addition, 64% of the men showed findings consistent with a prior hepatitis B (antibody to hepatitis B core antigen and/or antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen) and 34% were Treponema pallidum immobilization-positive from a prior or concomitant syphilis. Employment in risk professionals was common; thus, 19% worked in restaurants or otherwise handled food and 20% were engaged in medical care as compared to the 1% occupied in either branch of work among the general population in Sweden. Sexual habits with multiple partners and oral-anal sexual contacts were judged to be of major importance in the spread of this epidemic. Some spread of hepatitis A to the general population probably occurred due to the risk occupations of many homosexual men.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Successful treatment of hepatic coma probably caused by acute infectious hepatitis with balanced solution of amino acids.

Therapy with balanced amino acid solution enriched in branched amino acids has been reported to favourably influence hepatic encephalopathy due to liver cirrhosis. We here report the same favourable effect in 3 patients aged 29, 30 and 41 yr with hepatic coma at least in part induced by acute viral hepatitis. The patients regained consciousness within 8, 12 and 12 h, respectively. The treatment was continued for 9, 6 and 5 days, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Clinical and subclinical hepatitis A occurring after immunoglobulin prophylaxis among Swedish UN soldiers in Sinai.

This study was performed to investigate the efficiency of 5 ml of 16.5% immunoglobulin (Ig) with an antibody titer against hepatitis A (anti-HAV) of 1:4000, using the HAVAB RIA technique, as pre-infection prophylaxis in 610 Swedish UN soldiers stationed in Sinai for 6 months. Sera were collected from 553 of these soldiers before, during, and after their service and were tested by the HAVAB technique for anti-HAV. Only 13 of 553 (2.4%) were immune before their service. During the first 5 months in Sinai, only one subclinical case of hepatitis A occurred among the men. Thereafter, two subclinical and four clinical cases occurred, although one of the subclinical cases and the four clinical ones did not occur until after the 6-month period. Thus, the Ig prophylaxis scheme used seems to offer almost complete passive protection for 5 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Prevalence of antibody against hepatitis A in Sweden in relation to age and type of community.

Sera collected in 1968 from persons selected on a statistical basis as being a representative sample of the Swedish population, were tested for antibody against hepatitis A (anti-HAV). The prevalence of anti-HAV increased with age from 4% (3/83) among 15-19 year olds (born between 1948 and 1952) to 87% (68/78) among 60-69 year olds (born between 1898 and 1907), and was furthermore higher in cities than in rural areas for corresponding age groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Blood lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis share the following characteristics with activated T cells: natural attachment, stable E rosetting and glucocorticoid sensitivity.

Blood lymphocytes of infectious mononucleosis (IM) patients, unlike these obtained from healthy individuals, exhibit the following characteristics of activated T cells: (1) "stable" E rosette formation; (2) natural attachment to various human normal and malignant cells; (3) sensitivity in vitro to the lytic effect of glucocorticoids. Although the IM T cells attach in vitro to all the human cells tested, they kill only the EBV genome carrying targets. The possibility is discussed that some of the activated T cells in IM result from a non-specific activation elicited by the T cells responding specifically to the EBV associated antigens.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1979

Immunoglobulin prophylaxis against hepatitis A among Swedish UN soldiers in an endemic region.

Six hundred and fifteen Swedish soldiers (X = 24.9 years) serving with the UN forces in Cyprus were tested for antibody against hepatitis A (anti-HAV) before and after six months' service. Before the service, a high susceptibility to hepatitis A was found, as only 2.3% (14/615) had anti-HAV. In comparison, the prevalence of anti-HAV among 124 native Cypriots (X = 23.9 years) was 97% (120/124), which showed Cyprus to be a region where hepatitis A is endemic. The soliders were given immunoglobulin (IG) prophylaxis (2 ml of 16.5% IG) against hepatitis A very third month. The incidence of subclinical seroconversion against hepatitis A among the Swedish soliders was 0.2% (1/615). It was concluded that the IG-prophylaxis scheme used seems to be highly effective and probably completely prevents even subclinical seroconversion against hepatitis A in non-immune persons in regions where hepatitis A is endemic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The EBV-carrying, beta2M/HLA deficient Burkitt lymphoma line Daudi is sensitive to EBV-specific killer T-cells of mononucleosis patients.

The beta2-microglobulin/HLA deficient Burkitt lymphoma line Daudi was tested for sensitivity to EBV-specific cytotoxicity mediated by natural killer (NK)-depleted T-cells from acute mononucleosis patients. While the Daudi line was not as sensitive as the reference EBV-genome-positive target line, it was clearly sensitive in the majority of cases. This would speak against a major role of syngeneic restriction in this system.

Burkitt Lymphoma↗