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Biomedical subjects

O Tanaka

Publications and source records attributed to O Tanaka.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Cardiac surgery in Jehovah's Witness].

Clinical experiences of 35 cardiothoracic operations in Jehovah's Witness patients were presented with special reference to a method of taking informed consent for surgery. At first the surgeon explained the details of the proposed surgery including its risks and benefits. He should also express his confidence in accomplishing the operation without blood transfusion. Otherwise he should not dare to perform the operation. The surgeon asked the patient to talk about his or her religious belief in transfusion denial. Then the surgeon was allowed to talk about his professional duty and ethical belief in saving the patient at all costs. Finally, both the patient and the surgeon would sign the document of informed consent without fully determining whether or not the patient would undergo transfusion at an unexpected situation since the possibility of such unexpected necessity of blood transfusion was believed extremely low by both the surgeon and the patient. The trust of the patient in the technique of the surgeon was the key to this agreement.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical study of transcatheter arterial embolization for pulmonary arteriovenous fistula].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization for pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PAVF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight patients with 14 PAVFs were treated by TAE for feeding arteries. In 5 of 8 cases, detachable balloons were used, and, in 3 of 8 cases, metalic coils were used for embolization of the feeding arterial branch. Detachable balloons or a series of metalic coils were placed at the feeding artery proximal to the fistula. The diameter of detachable balloons was twice the diameter of the feeding arterial branch. The diameter of metalic coils was 1 mm larger than the diameter of the feeding artery. RESULTS: No complications were apparent in our cases. All PAVFs were completely occuluded by the embolization of a feeding branch. One month after the procedures, the arterial oxygen pressure increased to normal values in all cases and clinical symptoms disappeared. On postcontrast CT, the fistulas treated by the embolization of a feeding arterial branch were not enhanced. CONCLUSION: The embolization of a feeding branch provided a radical cure for PAVFs.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[3D-CT cystography with perspective volume-rendering].

We evaluated the clinical utility of 3D-CT cystography using the perspective volume rendering technique in 5 patients with disorders of the urinary bladder and prostate. Unlike the conventional orthostatic volume-rendering technique, the capability of optional visual point settlement in the urinary bladder precluded cutting a subset of acquired data for luminal inspection, and permitted observation closer to lesions. Consequently, the technique enabled the evaluation of the accurate size, shape, and relation to adjoining mucosa and the region shaded by bulky tumor. 3D-CT cystography using the perspective volume-rendering technique facilitated 3-D inspection of the bladder lumen.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Evaluation of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy using reservoir for liver metastases from gastric cancer].

UNLABELLED: We evaluated the results of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) using implantable reservoir for gastric cancer patients with unresectable liver metastases. Twenty-eight patients (19 with synchronous liver metastases, 6 patients with recurrent hepatic tumors, and 3 patients with high risk factors of liver recurrence after curative surgery) were treated with HAIC. The canula was inserted into the hepatic artery during primary surgery for 19 patients and during angiography for 7. The combination of anti-cancer drugs, such as, MMC + 5-FU (6 cases), ADM + 5-FU (14 cases), 5-FU + ADM + MMC (5 cases), and CDDP (3 cases) was administered by the intra-arterial route to out-patients every one or two weeks. RESULTS: The response rate of the metastatic liver foci in evaluable patients was 32.0% (1 CR + 7 PR/25). The median survival time (MST) of all patients was 294 days, and there were only two 5-year survivors treated to prevent recurrence. The 2-year survival after HAIC was 10.5% for the synchronous liver metastatic group and 53.3% for the metachronous group. The MST of responders was 94 days longer than that of non-responders, but there was no significant difference statistically. The remote survival of the patients whose palliative factors were liver metastases alone was significantly better than that of the patients with hepatic and extrahepatic palliative factors: the MST and 1-year survival was 329 days and 140 days, and 17.9% and 13.3%, respectively (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the clinical effect of HAIC was not sufficient. But the improvement of survival among patients without extrahepatic lesions as a palliative factor, and preventive HAIC was recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Clinical and prognostic significance of femoral marrow magnetic resonance imaging in patients with malignant lymphoma.

We evaluated 56 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed lymphoma including 48 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 8 with Hodgkin's disease to determine the clinical and prognostic significance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the femoral marrow. MR images of the femoral marrow were obtained by the T1-weighted spin echo method and the short TI inversion recovery technique. Abnormal "positive" images were seen in 29 of the 56 patients (52%). All 17 patients with positive biopsy results showed abnormal images on their femoral marrow MRI. Three "positive" MRI patterns-scattered (72%), uniform (21%), and nodular (7%)-were observed. The overall survival of the patients with a positive MRI pattern was significantly poorer than that of patients with a normal pattern (P = .0129). Survival did not differ significantly according to MRI pattern. The 3-year survival rate in the patients with a normal MRI pattern was 89.9% and in the patients with a positive MRI pattern, it was 41.0%. This difference was statistically significant (P = .0279) when we evaluated only the patients with NHL. Patients with positive MRI patterns, but a normal bone marrow histology, showed a significantly shorter survival than those with a normal MRI pattern (P = .016). These results indicate that abnormal MR images of the femoral marrow are associated with a significantly poorer survival in patients with malignant lymphoma, regardless of histologic findings in the marrow.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Disease-free survival for 6 years and 4 months after dissection of recurrent abdominal paraaortic nodes (no. 16) in gastric cancer: report of a case.

We herein report the case of a 63-year-old woman who underwent curative surgery consisting of a subtotal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection for advanced stomach cancer in June 1984, and later underwent systemic dissection of recurrent abdominal paraaortic lymph nodes by a retromesenteric approach in June 1989. Metastatic nodes were found in nos. 16b1 (interaorticocaval), 16b2 (interaorticocaval), and 280 (aortic carinal). One of the resected nodes, which was histologically diagnosed as being poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, measured approximately 10 x 7 cm and infiltrated the inferior caval vein. There was no distant metastasis except for nodal metastases. Since the reoperation, the patient has been disease-free for 6 years and 4 months, and she continues to visit our hospital as an outpatient. The findings of this case therefore suggest the significance of paraaortic lymph node dissection. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the world of a gastric cancer patient who has remained disease-free for more than 5 years after the systemic dissection of recurrent paraaortic lymph nodes.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

A randomized trial of surgery with and without chemotherapy for localized squamous carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus: the Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy confers a survival benefit on patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing radical surgery, we undertook a cooperative, prospective randomized controlled trial. METHODS: A total of 205 patients underwent transthoracic esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy at eleven institutions between December 1988 and July 1991. These patients were prospectively randomized into two groups (100 patients underwent surgery alone and 105 patients had additional two courses of combination chemotherapy with cisplatin (70 mg/m2) and vindesine (3 mg/m2). The two groups did not differ with respect to sex, age, location of tumor, and distributions of pT, pN, pM, or p stage. RESULTS: The 5-year survival was 44.9% in the surgery alone group and 48.1% in the surgery plus chemotherapy group. The relative risk was estimated to be 0.89 (95% confidence interval, 0.61 to 1.31) in the surgery plus chemotherapy group compared with the surgery alone group. No significant differences in survival were detected between the two groups, even with lymph node stratification. CONCLUSION: Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and vindesine has no additive effect on survival in patients with esophageal cancer compared with surgery alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Selective translocation of different markers in the ante- and retrograde pathways between the Golgi apparatus and the rough endoplasmic reticulum in a hybridoma cell line.

We examined the effects of brefeldin A (BFA, 10 micrograms/ml), an inhibitor of protein transport, on the redistribution of different markers of the Golgi apparatus (GA) in hybridoma H35 cells to examine selective transport of marker molecules between the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the GA. In H35 cells, the GAs had several cisternae with cis and trans faces as deduced by morphology such as relationship with RER and secretory granules. Thiamin pyrophosphatase (TPPase) was distributed in the trans elements, mannosidase II (man II) was in the cis-medial elements, and deposits of Zinc-Iodide-Osmium (ZIO) staining were localized in the cis/intermediate compartment. Upon BFA treatment for 5 min, man II and TPPase were redistributed in all cisternae. After 10 min of BFA treatment, TPPase activity was observed only in the RER, while the cis/intermediate compartment as evidenced by ZIO staining and man II remained. Upon clearance of BFA from the medium, cisternal structures with man II and ZIO staining reappeared at 30 min. TPPase activity was detected in the GA only after 120 min. Thus, in the retrograde pathway, the trans marker, TPPase moves earlier than the cismedial markers, man II and ZIO staining, whereas in the antegrade pathway, the cis-medial markers move earlier than the trans marker. These results suggest that BFA first alters the characteristic enzyme localization before the GA vanishes into the RER, and that selective transport mechanisms may exist for components of different stacks of the GA.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Bioactive saponins and glycosides. VIII. Notoginseng (1): new dammarane-type triterpene oligoglycosides, notoginsenosides-A, -B, -C, and -D, from the dried root of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen.

The glycosidic fraction from the dried roots of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen was found to show protective effect on liver injury induced by D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide. From the glycosidic fraction with hepatoprotective effect, nine new dammarane-type triterpene oligoglycosides, notoginsenosides-A, -B, -C, -D, -E, -G, -H, -I, and -J and an acetylenic fatty acid glycoside, notoginsenic acid beta-sophoroside, were isolated together with fourteen known dammarane-type triterpene oligoglycosides. The structures of notoginsenosides-A, -B, -C and -D were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence, which included the chemical correlation with ginsenoside-Rb1 using photosensitized oxygenation, as follows: notoginsenoside A; 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] 3 beta, 12 beta,20(S),25-tetrahydroxydammar -23-ene; B; 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D- glucopyranosyl] 3 beta, 12 beta,20(S)-trihydroxydammar-25-en-24-one, C; 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-[beta-D -glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] 3 beta,12 beta,20(S)- trihydroxy-24 zeta-hydroperoxydammar-25-ene, and D; 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]20(S)-protopanaxadiol, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Inhibition of aldose reductase and sorbitol accumulation by astilbin and taxifolin dihydroflavonols in Engelhardtia chrysolepis.

Dihydroflavonol taxifolin and its glycoside, astilbin, from Engelhardtia chrysolepis inhibited rat lens and recombinant human aldose reductase. Taxifolin also inhibited sorbitol accumulation in human red blood cells. Furthermore, this dihydroflavonol aglycone maintained the clarity of rat lens incubated with a high concentration of glucose. These dihydroflavonols may be effective for preventing osmotic stress in hyperglycemia.

Aldehyde Reductase↗
PubMed1997

Surgical repair for atrial septal defect in patients over 70 years of age.

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is the most common congenital heart anomaly encountered in adults. For patients over 60 years old, acceptable operative mortality and symptomatic improvement following surgery have been reported. We reviewed patients with ASD aged over 70 years and studied their preoperative hemodynamics, the surgical procedures used and the results. Between January 1994 and December 1996, 18 patients over the age of 40 years underwent surgical repair of ASD. Four patients were over 70 years of age (Group A). The other 14 patients were studied as a control group (Group B). We compared the preoperative clinical status, hemodynamic data, and surgical results between the two groups. The postoperative clinical status of Group A was studied during the follow-up period. The NYHA functional class of the elderly patients was greater than that of the middle-aged patients. None of the elderly patients had pulmonary hypertension. Moderate or severe tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR) due to annular dilatation was found, and tricuspid annuloplasty was performed in all four elderly patients. There were no operative or hospital deaths in either group. The NYHA functional class and TR improved in all the aged patients after surgery. In order to prevent progressive tricuspid annular dilatation due to an intraatrial left to right shunt, surgical closure of ASD should be performed for physically active adult patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

A repeated-dose dermal toxicity study of hydrophobically modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in rats.

A six-month repeated-dose dermal toxicity study followed by a 30-day recovery test of hydrophobically modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HM-HPMC), a new cellulose derivative used as a thickener for topical pharmaceuticals, was conducted using rats. Aqueous paste of HM-HPMC was applied to the skin of rats once daily at dose levels up to 60 mg/kg/day, which was the highest dose that could be administered. Items checked included general signs, urinalysis, hematology, ophthalmology, and histopathology. One rat died during the administration period owing to a malignant tumor in the hemopoietic system, which was not attributed to the test substance. Statistically significant differences were found in some test results, but those were not dose-dependent and were considered to be incidental or spontaneous. It was concluded that the test substance was not toxic upon chronic dermal administration at dose levels up to 60 mg/kg/day.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1997

Effects of spaceflight on enzyme activities and ultrastructure of fast-type skeletal muscles of rats.

The activity of succinate dehydrogenase in the medial gastrocnemius muscles of rats was significantly increased following a 2-week spaceflight (p < 0.05). That of phosphofructokinase in plantaris muscles was lowered after the flight (p < 0.05). The overall activities of both enzymes were effectively maintained during the flight. No structural alterations in the mitochondria or other organelles were observed in response to spaceflight. However, disordering of myofilament and central nucleus were often seen in the fast muscle during recovery after landing, but not immediately after landing. These observations indicate that spaceflight increases susceptibility to sarcomere damage and metabolic activity in a specific muscle during reloading.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[A case of supramediastinal neurinoma: its operative approach (via supraclavicular route) and radiographic findings (target sign)].

A 76-year-old female with supramediastinal tumor was admitted. CT scan showed central high density area surrounded by low density area and MR imaging emphasized the same concentric circle. This concentric circle pattern on CT scan and MR imaging is called "Target sign", which is known as characteristic radiographic finding of neurinoma. Therefore we could diagnose her case as mediastinal neurinoma preoperatively. She underwent operation through the supraclavicular approach and the tumor was completely resected. By incising the skin through the modified left hemi-collar incisional line and cutting the clavicula at its central part, we could ensure a good operative field and safely performed this operation without mid-sternotomy or thoracotomy. The supraclavicular approach for the operation of supramediastinal tumor is useful.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Successful surgical treatment for type B aortic dissection with Marfan's syndrome after aortic root and mitral valve replacement: report of a case].

A 30-year-old female with Marfan's syndrome underwent aortic root replacement for annuloaortic ectasia and mitral valve replacement for mitral regurgitation. She remained well until 16 months postoperatively when she had sudden onset of pain. Preoperative angiogram showed Stanford B aortic dissection. Thoracoabdominal aortic replacement was performed successfully under deep hypothermic bypass.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Enhancement of glucose-induced insulin secretion in transgenic mice overexpressing human VIP gene in pancreatic beta cells.

Using transgenic mice technology, it has now become possible to test directly whether VIP and PHM-27 can enhance glucose-induced insulin secretion and reduce blood glucose in vivo. By microinjecting the entire human VIP gene ligated to the rat insulin II promoter, we have established a mouse model that overproduces VIP and PHM-27 in pancreatic beta cells. VIP was secreted from transgenic islets in a glucose-dependent manner. Analyses of these VIP-transgenic mice indicated that the transgene efficiently enhances glucose-induced insulin secretion and significantly reduces blood glucose as compared with control mice. The transgene also ameliorated glucose intolerance of 70% depancreatized mice. The present results suggest that somatic cell gene therapy directed to diabetic islets by human VIP/PHM-27 gene introduction may provide a means to improve the secretory function of the diabetic islets.

Animals↗