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Biomedical subjects

O Smith

Publications and source records attributed to O Smith.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Cells, stress and EMFs.

Recent research suggests that cells respond to electromagnetic fields in the same ways as they do to other environmental stresses.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Impact of aprotinin on blood transfusion requirements in liver transplantation.

A retrospective study was carried out to ascertain the blood bank provision required to support a liver transplant programme and to assess the effect of intraoperative aprotinin on blood product requirements in liver transplant recipients with cirrhosis. Sixty patients with end-stage liver disease underwent 62 consecutive orthotopic liver transplants between October 1988 and January 1991. The total and intraoperative requirements of red cells, platelets and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) were analysed for three groups of liver transplant recipients, those without cirrhosis (n = 15), those with cirrhosis (n = 25) and those with cirrhosis who received intraoperative aprotinin (n = 20). Fifteen without cirrhosis had mean total requirements of 15 units of red cells, 18 units of platelets and 16 units of FFP. Twenty patients with cirrhosis who received intraoperative aprotinin had broadly similar requirements. However, blood product requirements for 25 patients with cirrhosis were significantly greater (46 units of red cells, 41 units of platelets, 43 units of FFP, excluding the seven patients with primary biliary cirrhosis). We conclude that a liver transplant programme can be supported by a teaching hospital blood bank. The use of intraoperative aprotinin significantly reduces blood product requirements.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effect of intravenous erythromycin on postoperative ileus.

We attempted to determine whether the administration of erythromycin shortens the period of postoperative ileus by a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Seventy-seven patients were randomized and included in the statistical calculations. The patients were stratified according to the operation performed (cholecystectomy, celiotomy, or other major abdominal operations). Forty-one patients (group 1) received 250 mg erythromycin intravenously every 8 h for nine doses upon admission to the recovery room. Thirty-six patients (group 2) received placebo. The time (in hours) to first passage of flatus, first liquid meal, first bowel movement, and total length of hospital stay was recorded. There was no significant difference between group 1 and group 2 in time to first flatus (54.9 +/- 29 vs. 53.9 +/- 27 h, respectively), first meal (70.4 +/- 44 vs. 71.7 +/- 65), first bowel movement (81.8 +/- 32 vs. 80.1 +/- 28), or length of hospital stay (185.2 +/- 183 vs. 182.1 +/- 163). Erythromycin, in the dosage tested in this study, does not seem to alter clinical parameters of gastrointestinal motility after an abdominal operation. New prokinetic agents may deserve further studies.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1993

Open rhinoplasty: its past and future.

Open rhinoplasty is a surgical approach to the nose. This article will review the history of the open rhinoplasty technique, comment on its advantages and disadvantages, illustrate the surgical technique and review modifications and developments that have arisen. Although of primary concern to nasal surgeons, the open approach will be of interest to all surgeons, regardless of their area of focus.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1991

Necrobiosis lipoidica and sarcoidosis.

We report the case of a female patient with necrobiosis lipoidica of the lower legs and coexistent systemic and cutaneous sarcoidosis. We review the six previously reported patients with coexisting necrobiosis lipoidica and sarcoidosis. The associations between the granulomatous disorders of the skin, especially necrobiosis lipoidica, sarcoidosis and granuloma annulare, are discussed. The common pathogenetic features of these disorders are reviewed.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Incision and scar analysis in open (external) rhinoplasty.

Open (external) rhinoplasty is becoming increasingly popular. Two of its disadvantages most frequently espoused are the difficulty in making the external incision atraumatically and the resulting scar. To diminish these concerns, different incision lines and methods of exposure have been proposed by various authors. These are reviewed along with our preferred technique. We reviewed 100 consecutive cases of open rhinoplasty, yielding 81 patients who underwent subjective and objective scar analysis. There was 1 subjective failure (1.2%), and 2 minor objective failures (2.5%). Recommendations are made to minimize difficulties in performing the open approach and to maximize scar cosmesis.

Cicatrix↗
PubMed1990

The effect of cosmetic rhinoplasty on nasal patency.

Fifty patients who primarily desired cosmetic improvement underwent nasal airflow studies using posterior rhinomanometry before and after reduction rhinoplasty. There was no significant difference in nasal resistance before and after surgery. This study demonstrates that neither subjective nor objective nasal obstruction follows reduction rhinoplasty, despite the potential for a decreased cross-sectional area of the valve region.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Paraganglioma of the larynx.

A patient with a laryngeal paraganglioma is presented in which overtly malignant behavior occurred despite a four-year period of symptoms prior to diagnosis. A review of the world literature reveals 52 reported cases of laryngeal paragangliomas. The incidence of malignancy in these neoplasms is often underestimated, as at least 25% of reported cases exhibited a clinically malignant natural history. We believe that the treatment of laryngeal paragangliomas should be based on the assumption that all tumors have a potential for malignant growth. Wide-field surgical excision is the applicable treatment for tumors still localized to the larynx. The results of radical neck dissection for established nodal disease are discouraging. In those patients with palpable lymph nodes, widespread dissemination has usually taken place.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Improved survival in variceal hemorrhage with emergent sclerotherapy.

Over a 2-yr period (1984-1985) we performed emergent endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) within 12 h in 25 consecutive episodes of variceal hemorrhage (VH). The outcome was compared to the preemergent period (1982-1984) when 22 episodes of VH were treated first with vasopressin and balloon tamponade, and then by EIS, in cases which failed to resolve. In those with decompensated liver disease, average transfusions dropped from 12.3 to 7.1 units of blood. Continued bleeding decreased from 53% to 13% and mortality from 47% to 13%. Persons with compensated liver disease had fewer recurrent bleeding episodes, and tended toward decreased transfusion requirements and mortality with EIS. Our experience suggests that emergent EIS is the treatment of choice for acute VH.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1987

Inverting papilloma of the nose: analysis of 48 patients.

Forty-eight cases of inverting papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses treated by a number of surgeons at the University of Toronto from the years 1976 to 1985 are presented. Age at diagnosis, duration of symptoms, male predominance, associated symptoms and location of tumor were found to be similar to previous studies. A 4% incidence of an associated nasal carcinoma was found while 2% progressed to papillary squamous carcinoma. A minimum five-year follow-up was obtained in 18 cases, demonstrating an overall recurrence rate of 39%. Polypectomy resulted in a 75% recurrence, compared to a 27% recurrence rate following lateral rhinotomy and medial maxillectomy. The average disease-free period was 4.1 years. Lateral rhinotomy and medial maxillectomy is suggested as the minimum procedure to control inverting papillomas of the lateral nasal wall. Lesions confined to the septum can be best managed by wide local excision. An extended period of follow-up is recommended in all of these patients.

Adult↗