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Biomedical subjects

O Ruuskanen

Publications and source records attributed to O Ruuskanen.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Suppressor lymphocytes during open heart surgery.

Open heart surgery is associated with a moderate to severe postoperative of cell-mediated immunity. To characterize this defect, T-suppressor lymphocytes were studied in nine patients undergoing elective aortic/mitral valve replacement surgery. A decrease of the number of T-suppressor lymphocytes was observed after the operation. At the same time the activity of concanavalin A (Con A)- and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced suppressor cells decrease. Thus the decrease of cell-mediated immunity after open heart surgery seems not to be due to activation of suppressor lymphocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Immunologic consequences of neonatal splenectomy.

The hazard of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection has been suggested to be greatest in children operated upon before 1 yr of age. In this work immune functions of 3 children, splenectomized within 2 days after birth were studied. The opsonic activity of the sera of all patients towards pneumococcus was decreased. The other immunologic findings were normal. These observations support the concept that all splenectomized patients should receive pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and in case of any infection adequate antibiotic therapy must be started very soon after the first symptoms.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

DTP and DTP-inactivated polio vaccines: comparison of adverse reactions and IGG, IGM and IGA antibody responses to DTP.

Adverse reactions and anti-DTP antibody responses were compared between DTP- or DTP-inactivated-polio-vaccinated children. The material consisted of 380 children whose adverse reactions were registered by detailed questionnaires given to the parents. IgG-, IgM- and IgA-anti-DTP antibodies of 42 children were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fever, restlessness and local reactions were the most frequent adverse reactions observed. DTP-polio vaccine induced significantly more restlessness than DTP. This was the only significant difference in adverse reactions between the vaccines. An enhancement of IgG-anti-DTP antibody responses at the age of 6 months was observed in the DTP-polio group. The enhancement was transient in antitoxin responses but still present in pertussis antibodies at 8 months of age. Very low and mostly undetectable levels of IgM- and IgA-anti-DTP antibodies were observed in both groups.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1980

Inactivated poliovaccine: adverse reactions and antibody responses.

Adverse reactions and antbody responses after inactivated poliovaccine were studied in 380 children. Fever reaction (greater than or equal to 37.5 degree C rectally) was recorded in 14% of children after the first poliovirus vaccination and in 19% after the second. Restlessness was reported in 15% and 14% of the chidren. Fever reaction exceeding 38.5 degree C was seen in 5% of the vaccines. Before the first vaccination at the age of six month 29% of the 48 children had antibodies against poliovirus type 1 and 2 and 43% against type 3. The first vaccination induced no significant changes in antibody titers. After the second vaccination antibody responses were low and 35%, 9%, and 35% remained seronegative to types 1, 2 and 3, respectively. After the third vaccination at the age of two years the respective geometric mean titers were 1:67, 1:335 and 1:48. No measurable antibodies were found to type 1 in 23%, to type 2 in 2%, and to type 3 in 10%. Only one child was triplenegative. All seronegative children were revaccinated and in all vaccinees a seroconversion ocurred two weeks after the booster dose. The combination of inactivated poliovaccine to DPT (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) vaccine induced no significant change in poliovirus antibodies or in adverse reactions.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1980

Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I-induced immunoglobulin production in human cord blood lymphocytes.

Human cord blood mononuclear cells (MNC) were stimulated with antibiotic killed Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I bacteria (S. aureus) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and cultured for 6 days. Immunoglobulin synthesis and secretion was measured with the indirect protein A plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay. All 14 cord blood specimens stimulated with S. aureus produced PFC comparable to that measured in adult peripheral blood cultures. PWM induced only minimal responses in cord MNC whereas good responses were demonstrated in adult cell cultures. The majority of the cord blood immunoglobulin synthesizing cells produced IgM, however, significant production of IgA was also seen. These observations were confirmed by detection of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin in plasma cells with the use of fluorescent anti-immunoglobulin antibodies.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1980

Lymphocyte stimulation assay utilizing newborn heel skin puncture blood samples.

A micromethod for the study of lymphocyte stimulation using small volumes of blood obtained by heel skin or fingertip puncture is described. Heel skin puncture samples from 15 full term newborns and venous blood samples from 6 newborns gave very similar results. A study of paired venous blood and fingertip puncture samples from 5 normal adults and 2 children with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) showed no significant differences between lymphocyte responses of samples taken from these sites. The responses of adults were significantly lower than those of the full term newborns, while the responses of the SCID patients were markedly depressed. Lymphocyte stimulation studies using blood samples obtained by heel skin or finger puncture provide a useful method for detection of defects in cellular immunity in young infants.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1979

Meal induced increase in serum triglycerides has no effect on lymphocyte response to mitogens.

The effect of a standardized heavy meal on the lymphocyte transformations induced by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) and PPD tuberculin was studied. The meal significantly increased the serum triglycerides (P less than 0.01), while it had no effect on cholesterol or high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. The increase in serum triglycerides did not affect lymphocyte transformation induced by phytohaemagglutinin or concanavalin A in whole blood microcultures. A slight decrease was observed when lymphocytes were stimulated with one out of three concentrations of PPD tuberculin (P less than 0.05). However, there was no correlation with the increase of triglycerides and decrease in lymphocyte transformation. Our observation shows that physiological changes in serum triglycerides do not affect the capacity of lymphocytes to respond to mitogenic stimulation, and the whole blood micromethod for lymphocyte stimulation to screen the capacity of cell-mediated immunity does not depend on the meal schedule of the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Tonsillectomy and immune responses.

Immune response were examined in 10-year-old boys just before and one month after tonsillectomy, and in young male adults tonsillectomized 10 years earlier. All the parameters studied were found to be quite normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Myringotomy in the treatment of acute otitis media in children.

The treatment of acute otitis media was studied in 158 children. All children (mean age 4 years) received penicillin orally 80 000--100 000 IU per day for 10 days. Myringotomy was performed on 68 children at the time of the diagnosis. The other 90 children were treated with penicillin and ear drops. The bacteriological findings from the nasopharynx at the time of diagnosis were equivalent in both groups. After 2 weeks, 42% of the children without myringotomy and 71% of the children with myringotomy were cured. The children who were not cured were treated with amoxicillin for 10 days. Four weeks after diagnosis 71% and 90% of the children respectively were cured. The differences between the two groups are significant. The observations indicate that myringotomy clearly accelerates the recovery from acute otitis media.

Acute Disease↗