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Biomedical subjects

O P Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to O P Sharma.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Hepatotoxicity of Eupatorium adenophorum to rats.

Freeze dried Eupatorium adenophorum leaf powder mixed in rat feed at a level of 25% elicited hepatotoxicity. The affected animals were jaundiced and had marked increase in plasma bilirubin levels and activities of alkaline phosphatase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase. The liver of intoxicated animals had focal areas of necrosis and bile duct proliferation. Elevation in plasma bilirubin concomitant with alterations in enzyme profile and histopathological lesions are consistent with liver injury and cholestasis. This is the first report of the toxicity of E. adenophorum to rats.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed2000

Biotransformation of lantadenes, the pentacyclic triterpenoid hepatotoxins of lantana plant, in guinea pig.

Oral administration of lantana (Lantana camara var. aculeata) leaf powder to guinea pigs at a dose of 6 g/ kg body weight elicited cholestasis. The animals were euthanized 48 h after dosing. Liver homogenates, bile, gall bladder, blood, urine, contents of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and faeces were analysed for the principal hepatotoxin in lantana leaves viz. lantadene A (LA), its congeners and biotransformation products, using high performance liquid chromatographic technique. Lantadenes could not be detected in liver, bile, gall bladder, blood and urine samples. LA and lantadene B (LB), their derivatives reduced lantadene A (RLA), reduced lantadene B (RLB) and two unidentified metabolites could be detected in the contents of lower GIT and faeces. In vitro incubation of lantana leaf powder with guinea pig caecal contents under anaerobic conditions elicited biotransformation of LA and LB to RLA and RLB, respectively. On the other hand, incubation of lantana leaf powder with cattle rumen liquor under anaerobic conditions did not elicit biotransformation of lantadenes.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed2000

Levels of lantadenes, bioactive pentacyclic triterpenoids, in young and mature leaves of Lantana camara var. aculeata.

Levels of the lantadene pentacyclic triterpenes were quantified in young and mature leaf samples of Lantana camara var. aculeata, by HPLC. The amount of different lantadenes (mg/100 g dry wt.) in young and mature leaf samples, respectively, was: lantadene A, 491.5 +/- 6.3, 805.9 +/- 52.8; lantadene B, 347.0 +/- 3.0, 522.3 +/- 37.1; lantadene C, 191.3 +/- 10.3, 424.8 +/- 39.1; lantadene D, 49.7 +/- 5.3, 177.4 +/- 19.0; reduced lantadene A, 19.1 +/- 2.3, 28.7 +/- 4.5; reduced lantadene B, 13.0 +/- 1.3, 18.6 +/- 1.2; and 22 beta-hydroxyoleanonic acid, 82.5 +/- 11.4, 167.7 +/- 30.1.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2000

Anti-inflammatory activity of the hydrosoluble fraction of Euphorbia royleana latex.

The hydrosoluble fraction of Euphorbia royleana latex (AER), administered by gavage at doses of 50-200 mg/kg, showed dose-dependent anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects in different acute and chronic test models in rats and mice. It reduced the exudate volume and the migration of leukocytes and showed a poor inhibitory effect on the granuloma formation induced by cotton pellets, while it had a low ulcerogenic score. The oral LD(50) was more than 1500 mg/kg in both rats and mice.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Marcel Proust (1871-1922): reassessment of his asthma and other maladies.

Marcel Proust endured severe allergies and bronchial asthma from early childhood. Those who suffer from the frightening and recurrent pangs of asthma often become dependent on their parents particularly mother; Proust was no exception. In his time asthma was poorly understood by physicians who considered the illness to be a type of hysteria. Decades later, we now understand that the severe, poorly controlled, suffocating episodes of asthma were responsible for the complex persona that Marcel Proust had assumed.

Asthma↗
PubMed2000

Bone sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a disease that exhibits extremely heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Although the lungs are the most commonly involved organs, the extension of the granulomatous process may also affect the bones. Almost any bone can be involved; curiously, the small bones of the hands and feet are most frequently affected. Diagnosis and recognition of osseous sarcoidosis is easy, but the therapy is disappointing. Corticosteroids and antimalarials may control pain and swelling, but usually do not influence the course of osseous sarcoidosis.

Antimalarials↗
PubMed2000

Hypercalcemia in granulomatous disorders: a clinical review.

Hypercalcemia occurs in most granulomatous disorders. High serum calcium levels are seen in about 10% of patients with sarcoidosis; hypercalciuria is about three times more frequent. Tuberculosis, fungal granulomas, berylliosis, and lymphomas are other conditions that are associated with disorders of calcium metabolism. These abnormalities of calcium metabolism are due to dysregulated production of 1,25-(OH2)D3 (calcitriol) by activated macrophages trapped in pulmonary alveoli and granulomatous inflammation. Undetected hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria can cause nephrocalcinosis, renal stones, and renal failure. Corticosteroids cause prompt reversal of the metabolic defect. Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and ketoconazole are the drugs that should be used if the patient fails to respond or develops dangerous side effects to corticosteroid therapy.

Calcitriol↗
PubMed2000

Pleural involvement in sarcoidosis.

Pleural sarcoidosis is no longer considered rare, as it occurs in about 3% of all cases of sarcoidosis. However, newer methods of detection may boost this level higher. High-resolution computed tomographic scanning has increased our detection of pleural nodules and pleural thickening. Other manifestations include pneumothorax, chylothorax, and hemothorax. Further studies of large numbers of patients are needed to determine the true prevalence of pleural involvement in sarcoidosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Parotid gland sarcoidosis.

Parotid gland sarcoidosis occurs in 6% of patients with sarcoidosis. It was bilateral in 24 (73%), slightly commoner in women, and presented in the majority in the 20 to 40 year age group. There was widespread involvement of other systems, particularly intrathoracic, peripheral lymph-adenopathy, uveitis, lacrimal gland enlargement and skin disease. Patterns of involvement may be pathognomonic as in Heerfordt's syndrome. This account provides the differential diagnosis, imaging and biopsy techniques, and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Histoplasmosis: an unusual presentation.

Histoplasma capsulatum (HC) infection is rare in India. We document a case of unilateral adrenal histoplasmosis in a 56 year male. The patient presented with hepatosplenomegaly, unilateral adrenal mass and significant weight loss. Since FNAC of adrenal mass was inconclusive, he underwent splenectomy, adrenalectomy and liver biopsy, histology of these specimens revealed HC only in adrenal mass. Subsequently, histoplasmin test was also performed which was also found to be positive. He responded well to parenteral amphotericin B and is under regular follow-up with no complaints now.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed2000

The impact of information technology on the practice of ophthalmology.

Information technology has had a tremendous impact on the outlook of our professional lives. The Internet has revolutionised the speed of access to information with touch of a button. This article discusses the various aspects of information technology which are changing and enhancing our professional lives. It provides tips to enable the busy practising clinician to use the available resources effectively. Problems such as reliability of information on the web and how to assess the quality of such matter are also discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Disposition of lantadene A, the pentacyclic triterpenoid hepatotoxin, orally administered to guinea pigs.

Lantadene A (LA) administered orally to guinea pigs elicited cholestasis. LA could not be detected in liver, bile, gall bladder, blood and urine. LA and its biotransformation product reduced lantadene A (RLA) could be detected in caecum, large intestine, and faeces. In vitro incubation of LA with liver homogenates under aerobic and anaerobic conditions did not elicit its biotransformation to RLA. On the other hand, in vitro incubation of LA with guinea pig caecal and large intestinal contents under anaerobic conditions elicited conversion of LA to RLA. This is the first report of the biotransformation of LA in the animal system.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1999

Biotransformation of lantadene A (22 beta-angeloyloxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid), the pentacyclic triterpenoid, by Alcaligenes faecalis.

A bacterial strain capable of biotransformation of lantadene A (22 beta-angeloyloxy-3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), the pentacyclic hepatotoxin of lantana (Lantana camara var. aculeata) has been isolated from soil using lantadene A as the sole carbon source. The organism is Gram negative, rod shaped, motile, catalase positive and has been identified as Alcaligenes faecalis. The isolate has been found to be specific for lantadene A and did not utilize lantadene B. In studies using sucrose as an additional carbon source, A. faecalis elicited biotransformation of lantadene A to its trans isomer 22 beta-tigloyloxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid, designated as lantadene X and two other minor metabolites which could not be isolated in pure state.

Alcaligenes↗