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Biomedical subjects

O Olsson

Publications and source records attributed to O Olsson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

B cells expressing CD5 are increased in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis.

By two-colour flow cytometric analysis, we found increased numbers of B cells co-expressing the pan-T cell marker CD5 and the B cell marker CD19 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 21 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), compared with 17 control subjects with muscular tension headache. Only one patient with MS, but nine controls lacked CD5+ B cells in CSF. This difference was not observed in peripheral blood. Numbers of CD5+19+ B cells were increased in CSF compared with blood in MS, but not in the controls. In both groups, CD5+19+ B cells were not restricted to small resting lymphocytes, but were also found among larger-sized lymphocytes. The relative density of CD5 molecules and of CD19 molecules was lower in CD5+19+ than in CD5-19+ B cells and CD5+19- T cells. CD5+ B cells are assumed to be responsible for autoantibody production, and our results suggest a pathogenetic role of such cells, predominantly within the central nervous system, in MS.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Specific in vitro IgG subclass synthesis and lymphocyte proliferation responses in herpes virus encephalitis.

Cerebrospinal fluid, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and sera from 5 patients with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSVE), 3 with varicellae zoster (VZV) meningoencephalitis and 5 with encephalitis of unknown origin (NUD) were analyzed. Lymphocytes from both blood and CSF were shown to synthesize anti-VZV IgG subclasses in VZV meningoencephalitis and anti-HSV IgG subclasses in HSVE. The subclass patterns of CSF and in vitro synthesized anti-viral IgG were similar, suggesting that a considerable portion of the antiviral IgG subclasses detected are synthesized in the CNS compartment. Antigen presentation in vitro seemed to produce a heterologous IgG4 and/or 3 response in 3 patients. Lymphocyte proliferation was detectable in response to HSV and VZV, respectively.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1989

Engineering of monomeric bacterial luciferases by fusion of luxA and luxB genes in Vibrio harveyi.

Luciferase (Lux)-encoding sequences are very useful as reporter genes. However, a drawback when applying Vibrio harveyi Lux as a reporter enzyme in eukaryotic cells, is that it is a heterodimeric enzyme, thus requiring simultaneous synthesis of both Lux subunits to be active. To overcome this disadvantage, luxA and luxB genes encoding the A and B subunits of this light-emitting heterodimeric Lux, were fused and expressed in Escherichia coli. Comparative analysis of four fused monomeric Lux enzymes by in vivo enzyme assay, immunoblotting and partial enzyme purification, showed that the fused Lux were active both as AB or as BA monomers, albeit at different levels (up to 80% activity for AB and up to 2% for BA, as compared with the wild type binary A + B construct). One of the LuxAB fusion proteins was stably expressed in calli of Nicotiana tabacum, and displayed very high Lux activity, thus demonstrating its potential as a reporter enzyme in eukaryotic systems.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Immunoglobulin-secreting cells in the cerebrospinal fluid from patients with muscular tension headache.

Intrathecal B cell function in healthy subjects has been poorly elucidated. Although there are measurable quantities of immunoglobulins (Ig) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 'normal' individuals, it is not clear whether this reflects transudation from serum or is due to some production within the central nervous system. We have therefore isolated cells from CSF to assess the frequency of Ig-secreting cells, utilizing a nitrocellulose immunospot assay for enumeration of the IgG-, IgA- and IgM-producing cells per 10(4) mononuclear cells (MNC) isolated from CSF and blood. Contrary to previous belief, the CSF obtained from 22 of 23 'normal' subjects (95%) with muscular tension headache but no evidence of organic neurological disease contained 2-50 (mean 20) IgG-secreting cells per 10(4) MNC. The corresponding peripheral blood specimens contained 0-6 (mean 3) IgG-secreting cells per 10(4) MNC. The proportion of IgG-secreting cells among MNC is thus about 7-fold higher in CSF than in blood of healthy individuals. IgA- and IgM-producing cells were also found in normal CSF, but less frequently than cells secreting IgG and at proportions similar to those in peripheral blood. We suggest that there is continuous production of Ig of different isotypes in CSF, even in subjects without any signs of neurological disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

B cells and antibodies in MS.

When the B-cell response was examined by enumeration of immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting cells, normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)--in contrast to previous beliefs--contained IgG-secreting cells, indeed at an 8-fold higher proportion per 10(4) mononuclear cells (MNC) than blood. As expected, the proportion of IgG-producing cells was greatly increased in MS CSF. Evaluation of antibody (Ab) responses at the cellular level, thereby bypassing draw-backs inherent in determinations of circulating Ab levels, such as Ab binding to target, revealed that in one MS patient group, 57% had, in CSF, cells secreting IgG Ab against myelin basic protein (MBP) and, in another MS group, 55% had, in CSF, cells producing IgG Ab against myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG); both MBP and MAG are possible targets for immune attack in MS. Anti-MBP and anti-MAG IgG antibody-secreting cells could occur in parallel or independently. They were rarely detected in blood, reflecting strong sequestration in CNS CSF. Their possible role in MS pathogenesis is envisaged in light of recently suggested coupling between polyclonal B-cell hyperresponsiveness and antigen-driven specific responses in autoimmune-prone individuals.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1989

Estradiol potentiates poke-weed mitogen-induced B cell stimulation in multiple sclerosis and healthy subjects.

Female preponderance in many diseases suggested with autoimmune pathogenesis, multiple sclerosis (MS) being classified as one of them, indicates a role for hormonal factors such as estrogen in disease development. To bypass monthly hormonal fluctuations in females, we evaluated in male patients with MS and male blood donors the effect of 17-beta-estradiol on numbers of IgG, IgA and IgM producing cells in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes. While estradiol alone had no effect, estradiol in combination with poke-weed mitogen (PWM) yielded in both groups higher numbers of IgG and IgA producing cells when compared with numbers obtained by PWM stimulation alone, indicating an additory effect of estradiol to that of PWM on B cell maturation. This effect was less pronounced in MS than in blood donors, especially for IgG producing cells, probably reflecting higher B cell activation in vivo taking place in MS. On the contrary, cells producing IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies against myelin, myelin basic protein and measles virus were not detectable after stimulation with PWM, nor with PWM and estradiol. Estradiol can in many patients with MS and in blood donors be considered a potent co-activator of B cells in presence of B cell stimulating factor in the form of PWM.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Cells producing antibody to measles and herpes simplex virus in cerebrospinal fluid and blood of patients with multiple sclerosis and controls.

The B cell response against measles and herpes simplex virus (HSV) was evaluated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and controls by enumeration of cells secreting anti-measles and anti-HSV antibodies of IgG, IgA and IgM isotypes. We used a nitrocellulose immunospot assay which enables parallel enumeration of numbers of cells secreting total IgG, IgA and IgM. Anti-measles IgG antibody-secreting cells were present in CSF from 21 of 24 MS patients (mean 24 cells/10(4) mononuclear cells), and against HSV in CSF from seven of eight patients (mean 23/10(4) cells). No antibody-secreting cells were detectable in the patients' blood. Ten MS patients examined were negative for cells in CSF and blood producing anti-measles antibodies of IgA and IgM isotypes. Anti-measles IgG antibody secreting cells were also found in CSF from four of 18 controls, and anti-HSV IgG antibody-secreting cells in six of 13, especially in patients with subacute or chronic inflammatory nervous system diseases. Our results confirm that viral antibodies in MS are produced within CSF and that this B cell response is preferentially sequestered to this compartment. Whether this viral B cell response in MS reflects specific activation due to persistence of viral antigens or an epiphenomenon remains to be clarified.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The use of the luxA gene of the bacterial luciferase operon as a reporter gene.

Bacterial luciferase can be assayed rapidly and with high sensitivity both in vivo and in vitro. Here we demonstrate that the N-terminal hydrophobic domain of the alpha catalytic subunit of the luciferase enzyme is indispensable for enzyme activity, although N-terminal translational fusions with full luciferase activity can be obtained. Bacterial luciferase is therefore ideally suited as a reporter enzyme for gene fusion experiments. A list of vectors for the convenient use of the luciferase marker genes to monitor gene expression in vivo are presented.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Effects of amperozide on biting behavior and performance in restricted-fed pigs following regrouping.

Eight experiments were conducted to determine the effect of a single administration of amperozide on agonistic behavior and growth performance in newly mixed, restricted-fed pigs. Two hundred 12-wk-old pigs were used in a 4-wk trial (Exp. 1) to investigate the effect of amperozide on agonistic behavior and performance. The pigs were assigned to each pen on the basis of body weight and sex, ensuring that pigs in each pen were unacquainted. Each pig was weighed individually on d 3, 7 and 28. Agonistic behavior was quantified by counting bite and slash marks on each pig at 8, 26 and 48 h after penning. An i.m. injection of amperozide immediately before mixing the pigs reduced the physical damage (P less than .001) at each time point. There was no evidence of amperozide causing either sedation or motor disturbances. On the average, amperozide treatment improved (P less than .001) daily gain in the 4-wk study period by 70 g (17%). In Exp. 2 to 8, 1,648 pigs growing from approximately 20 to 100 kg body weight were used to determine the effect of amperozide on weight gain. Pigs were penned in groups of 9 to 11, randomly assigned to each pen on the basis of sex. Each pig was weighed individually after penning, on d 35 and at slaughter. Untreated control pigs had a poorer growth performance than did amperozide-treated pigs. During the first 5 wk postpenning average daily gain was improved (P less than .001) by 90 g (26%) in pigs receiving a single oral administration of amperozide at penning.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aggression↗
PubMed1987

Expression and assembly of functional bacterial luciferase in plants.

The luxA and luxB structural genes of Vibrio harveyi luciferase [alkanal,reduced FMN:oxygen oxidoreductase (1-hydroxylating, luminescing), EC 1.14.14.3] were introduced into a plant expression vector and transferred into tobacco and carrot cells by Agrobacterium-mediated or direct DNA transformation. Simultaneous expression of the luxA and luxB genes was monitored by protein immunoblot analysis. Luciferase-mediated light emission provided evidence for the assembly of the two protein subunits into a functional dimeric enzyme in plant protoplasts, in transformed calli, and in leaves of transformed plants. Bacterial luciferase may provide a useful marker-gene system for the quantitative assay of coordinate gene expression in transgenic plants.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

A controlled randomized trial of budesonide versus prednisolone retention enemas in active distal ulcerative colitis.

Sixty-four patients with active distal ulcerative colitis participated in a multicentre, randomized, investigator-blind trial to compare the effect of budesonide enema, 2 mg/100 ml, with prednisolone disodium phosphate enema, 31.25 mg/100 ml. Budesonide is a new potent corticosteroid with a rapid first-pass elimination. The patients were treated for 4 weeks, and the efficacy of the drugs were evaluated by sigmoidoscopy, histology, and subjective symptoms after 2 and 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of treatment 16 of 31 patients (52%) receiving budesonide enema had healed endoscopically, compared with 8 of 33 (24%) (p = 0.045) receiving prednisolone enema. Budesonide was superior to prednisolone in terms of both significantly improved sigmoidoscopic and histologic scores and subjective symptoms evaluated by visual analogue scales. The patients receiving prednisolone had a significant depression of endogenous cortisol levels during the treatment period, but not the patients receiving budesonide. Budesonide enema seems to be a promising therapy for active distal ulcerative colitis and causes no adverse reactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Treatment with endotoxins of peritoneal carcinomatosis induced by colon tumor cells in the rat.

Peritoneal carcinomatosis, a common spreading of human colon carcinoma, can be obtained by intraperitoneal injection of colon tumor cells in rats. When BDIX rats are injected with 10(6) syngeneic tumor cells, isolated and cloned from a chemically induced colon carcinoma, they die within 2-3 months with solid peritoneal tumors and hemorrhagic ascites. Repeated intraperitoneal injections of 20 micrograms endotoxins (Escherichia coli W0128:B12) from day 3 after tumor cell challenge inhibited tumor growth. This effect was long-lasting since 7 out of 10 treated rats were still alive and tumor-free 6 months after tumor cell challenge. When the endotoxins were administered from day 15 after the tumor cell challenge, in rats with established tumors visible with the naked eye, the survival times were significantly increased, and 6 out of 30 treated rats were still alive and tumor-free 6 months after tumor cell challenge. The optimum effect was obtained with 5 repeated injections. The different frequencies of injection tested, i.e. 1, 3 or 5 days apart were equally effective. Endotoxins were ineffective when administered intravenously. No side effect was observed.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
PubMed1986

Small-column chromatofocusing of cerebrospinal fluid and serum immunoglobulin G.

Chromatofocusing performed by the Pharmacia fast protein liquid chromatographic system equipped with a specially designed small column was applied for examinations of submilligram quantities of cerebrospinal fluid and serum immunoglobulin G. The separations were based on a pH gradient between 9.5 and 6.0. Mono- or oligoclonal immunoglobulin G components having pI values within the optimal working range of the gradient were easily identified and the findings differed clearly from those of normal immunoglobulin G. The capacity to detect abnormal immunoglobulin G components compared well with previous experiences from the commercially available Mono P column. The small column offers advantages by having a shorter separation time, a decreased dilution of sample in the eluate and a lower consumption of start and eluent buffers.

Chromatography, Liquid↗
PubMed1985

Methods for chromatofocusing of cerebrospinal fluid and serum immunoglobulin G.

Chromatofocusing programs were designed for separations of submilligram amounts of normal and abnormal human IgG. The Pharmacia FPLC system, equipped with a Mono P column or a specially designed, small column was used for the separations. Normal IgG in paired cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples, paired samples from patients with intrathecal immunoglobulin G synthesis, as well as sera with IgG M components were examined. Abnormal immunoglobulin G components, especially those with pI values greater than ca. 7.0 pH units, were easily identified.

Humans↗