Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

O Olsen

Publications and source records attributed to O Olsen.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Occupational lung function impairment in never-smoking Danish welders.

In order to study the effect of welding fumes on lung function, 74 high-exposed welders and 31 age-matched electricians were examined in 1982. None had ever smoked tobacco or been exposed to known or potentially noxious agents to the lungs. A significant difference was found between the welders and the control group in vital capacity, total lung capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, peak expiratory flow rate, maximal expiratory flow rate at 75% of vital capacity, diffusion capacity and slope of the alveolar plateau. The lungs of the welders were physiologically 10-15 years older than those of the control group. Thirty percent of the welders had a well defined respiratory disease. Their lung function impairment was predominantly obstructive (16 persons), but restrictive patterns were also seen (6 persons).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Fat and pancreatic secretion.

In 10 healthy volunteers we investigated the effects of intraduodenal oleic acid at various concentrations (0-40 mM) and at various degrees of emulsification on pancreaticobiliary secretion and the release of secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) into plasma. We found that the release of the two hormones was directly related to the dose of fat and to the degree of emulsification. The threshold of CCK release (and amylase output) was low in comparison with the threshold for secretin release (and bicarbonate or volume output). When the degree of emulsification of the fat was increased, no simple relation was observed between hormone levels and pancreatic exocrine secretion. The output of bile salts was identical at various fat concentrations. We conclude that both secretin and CCK are dose-dependently released by emulsions of oleic acid in normal man and that the thresholds for release are probably different.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of oleic acid and oleyl alcohol on cholecystokinin and secretin in plasma and pancreatobiliary secretion.

To evaluate the importance of the terminal carboxy group of the oleic acid molecule in the release of secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) to plasma, six normal persons were stimulated twice with duodenal perfusates containing either 20 mM oleic acid or 20 mM oleyl alcohol. Oleic acid increased the pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and amylase and the concentrations of secretin and CCK in plasma and provoked gallbladder emptying. Oleyl alcohol only increased the amylase output slightly, but significantly. It is concluded that the carboxy group of the fat molecule has an important role in triggering the release of secretin and CCK to plasma.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Somatostatin treatment of gastrointestinal fistulae.

Output from gastrointestinal fistulae to the skin was measured in five patients during total parenteral nutrition and restricted oral intake. Supplemental infusion of somatostatin during six days caused a significant reduction in discharge in all patients compared to the pretreatment level, but none of the fistulae closed as a result of the treatment. Somatostatin may be considered an adjuvant drug to parenteral nutrition and restricted oral intake in the conservative treatment of external fistulae from the gastrointestinal tract.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Neostigmine in postoperative intestinal paralysis. A double-blind, clinical, controlled trial.

The effect of neostigmine on postoperative intestinal paralysis in 90 patients was investigated in a controlled study. Neostigmine, 0.5 mg, was administered intramuscularly every third hour on the third day after laparotomy, either until passage of flatus or stools was observed, or until a total of three injections were given. No difference between treated and untreated patients was found, and it is suggested that neostigmine is of little or no value in postoperative intestinal paralysis.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1988

Small opacities among dental laboratory technicians in Copenhagen.

After a case of advanced pneumoconiosis occurred in a dental laboratory technician, 31 other dental technicians and 30 control subjects controlled for smoking habits, sex, and age were investigated. More technicians (55%) than controls (30%) had at least grade 1 dyspnoea (p greater than 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that 13 technicians who had produced dental prostheses for at least 15 years had consistently lower lung function (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, MEF50, and DCO single breath), although the differences were not statistically significant. All mean lung function values for technicians and controls were within normal limits. Increases in MEF50 after breathing 80% helium and 20% O2 failed to show small airways dysfunction among the technicians. Of the six with radiological pneumoconiosis (5 simple, 1 advanced) four had symptoms. All three biopsy specimens showed varying degrees of pulmonary fibrosis. DCO single breath was diminished in four of the six. One male dental technician had scleroderma and possibly Erasmus syndrome. Blind readings showed an increased number of suspicious chest x rays films (greater than or equal to category 0/1) among older smokers and ex-smokers (p = 0.013) regardless of occupation. Our results support other evidence that dental technicians are at risk of developing pneumoconiosis. Therefore, adequate hygienic control of dental laboratories is indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Effect of trypsin on the hormonal regulation of the fat-stimulated human exocrine pancreas.

To study the effects of trypsin on the pancreaticobiliary secretion and the release of secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) to plasma, seven normal subjects were stimulated twice with duodenal perfusates containing 20 mM oleic acid (pH 6.0) with and without 1 g of bovine trypsin added per liter. In addition, six patients with advanced pancreatic insufficiency who received only the oleic acid were compared with eight normal subjects. The concentrations of secretin and CCK in plasma and the pancreatic enzyme and volume secretions were unaffected by the addition of trypsin, but the initial bile acid output and the bicarbonate secretion in the period after gallbladder emptying were reduced during perfusion with trypsin. The severely reduced enzyme secretion in chronic pancreatitis did not influence the basal or oleic acid-stimulated concentrations of the hormones in plasma. The study does not support the hypothesis of a trypsin-mediated negative feedback control of human pancreatic enzyme secretion. Furthermore, the reduced duodenal output of bicarbonate found in response to trypsin is not explained by changes in the release of secretin or CCK.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A randomized trial of fistulotomy in perianal abscess.

In a randomized trial we compared the treatment of perianal abscess by incision only (18 patients) with that by incision followed by fistulotomy 3 days later (20 patients). All patients were observed for 12 months. There were no differences between the two groups with regard to recurrent abscess/fistula, but the fistulotomy group had a statistically significantly higher prevalence of flatus incontinence. Further, fistulotomy was followed by significantly longer duration of hospitalization and by delayed healing. We recommend that fistulotomy is used only in patients with recurrent abscess.

Abscess↗
PubMed1987

Plasma secretin, plasma cholecystokinin, pancreaticobiliary secretion, and fat absorption: effect of duodenal osmolality and polysorbate 80.

In 20 normal persons we investigated the effects of duodenal osmolality on the release of secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK), pancreaticobiliary secretion, and fat absorption after intestinal infusion of emulsified oleic acid (pH 6.0). The release of CCK was found to be unaffected by the changes in osmolality, whereas the plasma levels of secretin were affected in parallel with volume and bicarbonate secretion. An inverse relation was found between fatty acid absorption and release of secretin and bicarbonate secretion but not between fatty acid absorption and release of CCK. It is suggested that the secretin and CCK cells respond differently to emulsified oleic acid.

Absorption↗
PubMed1986

The significance of plasma CCK and secretin in the oleate-stimulated pancreatico-biliary secretion in man.

In eight normal persons the plasma levels of secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) measured after intraduodenal oleate were reproduced by intravenous (i.v.) infusion of synthetic secretin (3.4 pmol.kg-1.h-1) and CCK-8 (17.5 pmol.kg-1.h-1), either alone or in combination. Using an indicator dilution technique, the combined infusions of the two hormones were found to account for all the pancreatico-biliary secretion of amylase, bicarbonate, bile salts and volume elicited in response to intraduodenal oleate, pH 6. Furthermore, the bicarbonate secretion and the flow rate elicited by secretin were augmented by CCK, whereas no augmentation was found with regard to the CCK-stimulated enzyme and bile salts output.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Concentrations of secretin and CCK in plasma and pancreatico-biliary secretion in response to intraduodenal acid and fat.

To study the effect of emulsified oleic acid on pancreatic secretion and concentrations of secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) in plasma, eight normal subjects received three sets of duodenal perfusates containing peptone pH 6.0 or pH 2.7, with and without 20 mM oleic acid. Pancreatic secretion was measured by an indicator dilution technique. At pH 6.0, peptone and oleic acid was about as effective as peptone pH 2.7 in stimulating secretin release. However, oleic acid in addition produced a three-fold increase in plasma CCK and was five times as effective as pH 2.7 in stimulating duodenal flow. Also, at pH 2.7, oleic acid augmented pancreatic secretion and concentrations of CCK and secretin in plasma. Duodenal output of amylase and bile salts was independent of the pH of infusate. Low pH alone was a very weak stimulant of CCK release and did not stimulate output of amylase and bile. Emulsified oleic acid is a potent releaser of secretin and CCK and augments the acid-induced pancreatic secretion.

Adult↗