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Biomedical subjects

O Ohlsson

Publications and source records attributed to O Ohlsson.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Blood pressure, cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance during rest, muscle work, cold pressure test and psychological stress. A study of male offspring from families with a history of essential hypertension for at least two generations.

Haemodynamic changes in the early phases of hypertensive diseases have mainly been described in so-called borderline hypertensives. Their cardiac output (CO) has mostly been found to be elevated, but the peripheral vascular resistance (PRI) normal. In this study of the offspring (26 subjects) of hypertensive individuals, CO and intravascular pressures were measured during rest, muscular work, psychological stress and cold pressure test. For comparison, the same measurements were performed in a control group of healthy volunteers without known hypertension in their families. The offspring had higher blood pressure at rest than the controls throughout the study except during the cold pressure test and the highest dynamic work loads. Although there was no statistically significant difference between offspring and controls as regards PRI, the resistance was slightly higher in the group of offspring throughout the study. Arterial blood pCO2 in offspring was significantly lower at rest, during psychological stress and dynamic muscle work. Possible mechanisms behind this finding are considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Plasma volume and plasma volume distribution at rest, during muscular work, cold pressure test and psychological stress in male offspring from families with heavy aggregation of hypertension.

Total and central plasma volume was measured in 51 male offspring of hypertensive individuals belonging to families with a history of essential hypertension for at least two generations. They were compared to 38 age-matched individuals without known hypertension in their families for at least two generations. Central plasma volume was determined at rest and during muscle work, cold pressure test and psychological stress. The offspring had significantly lower total plasma volume than the controls. Central plasma volume was equal in offspring and controls. The quotient central/total plasma volume was thus higher in offspring than in controls, and the difference was statistically significant during psychological stress and dynamic muscle work. Possible reasons for the differences between offspring and controls are an increased transcapillary escape of plasma, an increased quotient intracellular/extracellular fluid and/or increased tone of the capacitance vessels.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Venous volume and blood flow in hand at rest and during psychological stress in male relatives to hypertensive patients.

A total of 19 male relatives to hypertensive individuals were examined with regard to blood flow and venous volume in the hand at rest and during a psychological stress test. They were compared to 19 male controls without heredity for hypertension. There were no significant differences between the groups in hand blood flow or venous volume either at rest or during the test. The increase in vascular resistance during psychological stress was significantly higher in relatives than in controls. Possible mechanisms behind the differences in arterial vascular reactivity between the groups are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Left ventricular function at rest and during exercise in coronary insufficiency--a simultaneous evaluation by means of radionuclide angiocardiography and catheterization.

Left ventricular function was assessed simultaneously with heart catheterization and equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography at rest and during supine exercise in ten patients with effort angina. At rest all had normal haemodynamics. During exercise all developed angina with signs of left ventricular dysfunction in the form of high left ventricular filling pressure, 31 +/- 2 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM) and pathological decreases in left ventricular ejection fraction (11 +/- 1% units). Left ventricular end-systolic volume increased significantly (43 +/- 7%), but the increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (13 +/- 7%) was not significant. The discordance between the changes in left ventricular filling pressure and the changes in left ventricular end-diastolic volume is discussed. Radionuclide angiocardiography revealed left ventricular dysfunction as frequently as did heart catheterization.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

The effects of pindolol and prazosin on hand blood flow in patients with cold extremities and on treatment with beta-blockers.

Hand blood flow and subjective sensitivity to cold were studied in nine hypertensive patients on treatment with beta-blockers. All patients complained of cold extremities. Neither hand blood flow nor sensitivity to cold changed after addition of prazosin, a well known vasodilator to the original beta-blocker. After changing to a beta-blocker with a high degree of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (pindolol), hand blood flow increased and sensitivity to cold decreased in all patients, except one.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1981

Blood pressure, heart rate and plasma albumin in relatives of hypertensive patients.

A total of 1075 relatives of 106 individuals (probands) with treated essential hypertension and heredity for this disease have been investigated concerning the existence of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension or hypertensive diseases was near 50%. Of the decreased relatives, 77% had a positive history for hypertension. Of the decreased relatives with cerebrovascular diseases, 52% had expired before 65 years of age. We have examined 307 relatives of these probands. They had significantly higher systolic blood pressure, heart rate and serum albumin concentration than age- and sex- matched controls without heredity for hypertension and a screened population. Screening of relatives belonging to families with a high frequency of hypertension seems to have a potential practical value and may furthermore provide information about the etiology of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Hypertension, levels of serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and degree of blood pressure control in middle-aged males.

Among the first screened 2439 males born in 1926 and 1927, aged 48-49 years at the time of screening and representing 76% of these age cohorts, uncontrolled or partly controlled hypertension was found in 7.5%. Of these individuals, 30% preferred to remain with their physicians, regardless of the degree of control they had achieved. Among those who were referred to the Hypertension Unit (5.2% of the screened population), elevated S-GT levels (greater than or equal to 1.10 mukat/l) were found in 38.3%, against 18.5% in the two cohorts. During 24 months of treatment and follow-up only two men among the entire group of hypertensives referred dropped out, both were heavy drinkers (greater than 80 g alcohol daily). The mean BP after treatment was significantly lower among men with normal than high S-GT values or in those who admitted to heavy drinking. Of the 99 males treated for more than two years, 82 (83%) were responders (supine DBP less than or equal to 95 mmHg). Of the non-responders, 70% were either heavy drinkers or had abnormal S-GT values. The possible role of alcohol in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension in middle-aged males is discussed.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1979

Abnormal whole-body and cellular (erythrocytes) turnover of 22Na+ in normotensive relatives of probands with established essential hypertension.

1. Whole-body elimination rate of 22Na+ was decreased in normotensive or borderline first-degree relatives of hypertensive probands. 2. Whole-body potassium, exchangeable sodium and urine excretion of sodium, potassium and creatinine were similar in relatives and controls. 3. Erythrocyte net influx of 22Na+ was significantly increased in normotensive relatives. 4. Abnormal whole-body and cellular handling of sodium (22Na+) demonstrated in relatives indicates that this abnormality may have an important role in the development of essential hypertension in man.

Erythrocytes↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of quinidine Lipettes -- a sustained release preparation.

A new sustained release preparation (Lipettes) of quinidine has been evaluated with regard to dissolution, absorption, serum concentration and side-effects. The serum levels of quinidine after single oral doses and after long-term treatment have been compared with the serum levels after administration of some other quinidine preparations on the Swedish market. The side-effects of the sustained release preparations have also been studied. Results indicated that this new sustained release quinidine preparation yields more even serum concentrations of quinidine and seemed to cause less troublesome side-effects than the marketed preparations.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Atenolol administered once daily in primary hypertension. Effects on blood pressure in relation to pre-treatment plasma renin activity.

The antihypertensive effect on the selective beta-1-adrenoceptor blocking agent, atenolol, given in doses of 100 and 200 mg once daily, was evaluated in 37 patients with primary hypertension. The drug induced an efficient reduction of BP, and in the whole patient series there was no difference in BP on either dosage. Exercise tests, performed in 10 patients, showed the same degree of partial beta-blockade 24 hours after intake of 100 and 200 mg atenolol. PRA decreased during treatment with atenolol but there was no correlation between the stimulated pretreatment renin level and the antihypertensive effect of atenolol. Side-effects were few and 35 out of 37 patients continued on atenolol treatment. Central nervous side-effects were not seen.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nano-slit probes for near-field optical microscopy fabricated by focused ion beams.

The near-field probes described in this paper are based on metallized non-contact atomic force microscope cantilevers made of silicon. For application in high-resolution near-field optical/infrared microscopy, we use aperture probes with the aperture being fabricated by focused ion beams. This technique allows us to create apertures of sub-wavelength dimensions with different geometries. In this paper we present the use of slit-shaped apertures which show a polarization-dependent transmission efficiency and a lateral resolution of < 100 nm at a wavelength of 1064 nm. As a test sample to characterize the near-field probes we investigated gold/palladium structures, deposited on an ultrathin chromium sublayer on a silicon wafer, in constant-height mode.

Journal Article↗