Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

O Nilsson

Publications and source records attributed to O Nilsson.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Separation of gangliosides on a new type of anion-exchange resin.

A new anion exchange resin, Spherosil-DEAE-Dextran, consisting of porous glass beads covered with cross-linked DEAE-Dextran, was used in the separation of gangliosides. The gangliosides were eluted from the resin with a discontinuous gradient of potassium acetate in methanol, separating the gangliosides quantitatively into mono-, di, tri-, tetra- and pentasialoganglioside fractions. The new resin was found to have higher binding capacity, to show less unspecific adsorption and to give a better separation of the higher oligosialogangliosides than did DEA-Spherosil, QAE-Sephadex, DEAE-Sephadex and DEAE-Sepharose. Anion exchange chromatography improved discrimination between closely allied gangliosides as well as quantification and identification of individual gangliosides, especially the minor ones. The new procedure was used in the separation of the gangliosides in human infant forebrain and cerebellum.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Endometrial effects of levonorgestrel and estradiol: A Scanning electron microscopic study of the luminal epithelium.

Fertile women in the follicular phase possessed an uterine luminal surface with many ciliated cells and with non-ciliated cells, which carried numerous, fairly long microvilli. A moderate number of the non-ciliated cells had an irregular surface with small apical protrusions. Postmenopausal women had an endometrial surface containing rather flat cells. Ciliated cells were seldon encountered, and the non-ciliated cells possessed mostly only few short microvilli. When menopausal women had been wearing estradiol-containing intravaginal rings for three weeks, the uterine surface had developed many ciliated cells, and the non-ciliated cells now possessed many long microvilli. This appearance resembles that appearing during the follicular phase. Fertile women with levonorgestrel-containing subdermal implants or intravaginal rings showed a surface epithelium with few ciliated cells and with non-ciliated cells possessing short and irregular microvilli; that is, an epithelium less developed than that from a cyclic women. Adding estradiol to the levonorgestrel-containing intravaginal rings resulted in an estrogen response with an increase in number and length of the microvilli and an appearance of a few small apical protrusions.

Endometrium↗
PubMed1980

Two-step leukocyte migration in agarose technique.

A two-step modification of Clausen's technique of leukocyte migration under agarose is described. Blood leukocytes from a subject are incubated for approximately 4 days with or without antigen. The cultures, after reconstitution with antigen followed by repeated washing of the cultured cells, are added to fresh, dextran-separated blood leukocytes, and migration tests are performed in the absence of the antigen. Cells preincubated with antigen give a very marked reduction of the migration of the target leukocytes which must not necessarily be autologous. An inhibition of target cell migration can be seen with cells cultured without antigen for up to 3 days; with longer culture time, this effect is reduced or disappears. The effect of cells cultured with antigen, however, is equally strong irrespective of the culture time up to 1 week, and the most clearcut results will, therefore, be obtained after approximately 4 days culture. Also migration enhancement has been seen. Treatment of cells during the incubation with antigen and cycloheximide gives a dose-dependent blocking of the inhibiting effect. 5 patients were studied both before and after sensitization with DNCB: low concentrations of DNCB gave an inhibition and high concentrations an enhancement of the migration when the patients were sensitized. The technique is more sensitive and reproducible than the original Clausen technique. It is also suitable in studies where shortage of cells is a problem.

Cell Movement↗
PubMed1979

Effect of encephlitogenic protein. PPD and tetanus toxoid on leukocyte migration in agarose. A study of "cross-reactivity".

The reactivity to three antigens: bovine encephalitogenic protein (EP), PPD, and tetanus toxoid, was studied with blood leukocytes from healthy humans using Clausen's (5) leukocyte migration in agarose technique. There is an obvious correlation between the reaction of EP (all concentrations studied) and to low concentrations of PPD; and between the reactivity to low concentrations of EP and low concentrations of tetanus toxoid. After vaccination with tetanus vaccine, a marked increase in reactivity to the toxoid sometimes occurred; at the same time, a marked reactivity to EP appeared. Various explanations are discussed: a true immunological cross-reactivity, that the correlations are due to a variability in individual response with respect to lymphokine production, and that BCG and tetanus vaccinations produce an adjuvant effect increasing a pre-existing low reactivity to EP.

Cell Migration Inhibition↗
PubMed1979

Once-daily metoprolol in primary hypertension.

The antihypertensive effect of the selective beta-1-adrenoceptor blocker, metoprolol, administered once daily was evaluated in 32 patients with primary hypertension. After a 4-wk placebo period, the patients were treated with either 150 mg or 300 mg of metoprolol, once daily, for 8 wk. Initially and during the treatment periods blood was drawn for analysis of metoprolol in plasma, plasma renin activity (PRA), and electrolytes, and urine was collected for determination of the urinary aldosterone excretion. Metoprolol reduced the blood pressure measured up to 26 hr after the last dose. The percentage of responders to metoprolol (decrease of mean arterial pressure greater than or equal to 10% over placebo) was 40% for patients on 150 mg and 71% for patients on 300 mg. Except in the standing position, heart rates were reduced for 26 hr after a 150-mg dose. There was a correlation between pretreatment PRA levels and antihypertensive effect of metoprolol in patients on 300 mg metoprolol but not in patients on 150 mg. Urinary aldosterone decreased equally during treatment in responders and nonresponders. Antihypertensive effects and side effects did not correlate with plasma metoprolol concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Benign brainstem hematoma.

Brainstem hematoma is generally considered a very rare condition with a grave prognosis. This report presents two patients with extensive brainstem hematomas who both recovered without major sequele. A brainstem hematoma is often impossible to differentiate from an infarction despite angiographic and cerebrospinal fluid examinations, but is readily disclosed by computerized tomography. It is suggested that the seriousness of the prognosis in brainstem hematoma may earlier have been exaggerated as there may have been a tendency to classify cases exhibiting a good recovery as infarcts, while the diagnosis hematoma was reserved for cases verified at autopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effects of 4-aminopyridine in myasthenia gravis.

A new drug, 4-aminopyridine, was prepared for use in humans and tested by repeated injections in six patients with myasthenia gravis. The drug caused improvement of muscle strength and neuromuscular transmission as demonstrated by clinical observations and repetitive electrical nerve stimulation. The drug was effective in cases without any other treatment as well as in cases undergoing treatment with anticholinesterases. It is concluded that 4-aminopyridine may be of value as a supplementary drug in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1978

Salmon calcitonin in the acute treatment of moderate and severe hypercalcemia in man.

The effect of i.v. infusions with salmon calcitonin was evaluated in the treatment of acute hypercalcemia in 12 patients. Clinical improvement and a less critical level of serum calcium were achieved within 24 hours for eight of the patients, for another two after treatment for 48 hours. In malignant conditions (six patients) calcitonin was less effective, which could be evaluated within 24 hours. In addition to rehydration, the rapid onset of action and the lack of side-effects make calcitonin a drug of first choice in the treatment of acute hypercalcemia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

The stretch reflex in the Eaton Lambert syndrome, myasthenia gravis and myotonic dystrophy.

The stretch reflex at rest and after muscle work was studied in three cases of Eaton Lambert syndrome. After muscle work a potentiation of the stretch reflex was demonstrated clinically and electrophysiologically. The presence of muscle stretch reflexes and their potentiation after muscle work was correlated with the clinical stage of the disease. The enhancement of the stretch reflex after voluntary effort was absent in normal subjects, myasthenia gravis and myotonic dystrophy.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1978

On cerebral infarction in childhood and adolescence.

This report is based on a retrospective analysis of clinical and angiographic findings in 14 children and adolescents suffering from cerebral infarction. They were all examined during the acute stage and selective angiography was performed within a day or two of the stroke. Pathogenesis is discussed and focuses particularly on the occurrence of segmental arteritis from unknown (infectious?) aetiology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The in vivo transport of 14C-alpha aminoisobuturic acid into mouse blastocysts during activation for implantation.

The in vivo transport of 14C-AIB (14C-alpha-aminoisobuturic acid) into mouse blastocysts was studied during activation for implantation. Mice, kept in experimentally delayed implantation, were given estrogen to induce implantation and then injections of 14C-AIB i.v. at 0, 4 and 8 h after the estrogen. After in vivo incubation times for 1/3 or 4 h with the labeled amino acid the blastocysts were flushed out of the uterus and collected. A distinct uptake of 14C-AIB occurred in the blastocysts 8 h (the highest uptake) and 12 h after the induction, provided that the in vivo incubation time was 4 h. At these times the blastocysts are lying free in the uterine lumen and consequently there is a transport of 14C-AIB from the epithelium via the uterine secretion into the blastocysts. This uptake indicates that amino acids transported by the system A are important nutrients during early activation. The uptake and retention of 14C-AIB in the uterus was tested at 4 and 8 h after the induction of implantation. The highest uptake was observed when the labeled amino acid was given at 8 h while the longest retention time occurred when 14C-AIB was given at 4 h. Since the transport ratio between the blastocysts and the uterine tissue is not maintained constant it is concluded that the metabolic rates for 14C-AIB transport are different for the uterus and the blastocysts. The AIB transport into uterine tissue preceeds that into the blastocysts. The AIB transport into the blastocysts is maintained as long as they have a negative surface charge.

Aminoisobutyric Acids↗
PubMed1977

Deafness in an old English sheepdog. A case report.

The histopathological features of the inner ears in a case of deafness in an old English sheepdog reveal a cochleo-saccular (Scheibe) type of degeneration. However, also the hair cells in the vestibular part of the labyrinth were reduced in number though there appeared no clinical signs or symptoms of vestibular dysfunction. The present case is the so far only known old English sheepdog with a hearing loss reported in Sweden.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Local secretory response by the mouse uterine epithelium to the presence of a blastocyst or a blastocyst-like bead.

The ultrastructure of the uterine secretion appearing locally at the site of a blastocyst or a blastocyst-like bead was compared to the ultrastructure of the secretion present in a sterile horn of similarly treated mice. The secretion consisted of a homogeneous substance with small vesicles. The secretion was sparse and only slightly electron dense in a sterile horn, while it was more abundant and denser in a horn with a luminal object. Around a blastocyst, the secretion appeared more dense than it did around a bead, while the small vesicles of the secretion were more frequently occurring around a bead than around a blastocyst. It is concluded that a luminal object like a blastocyst is capable of eliciting a local secretory activity in the uterine epithelium, and it is suggested that this secretion is rich in hydrolytic enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Differential susceptibility of the embryo to inorganic lead during periimplantation in the mouse.

The effect of intravenously administered inorganic lead on periimplantation period of embryonic development in the mouse was investigated with light microscopy. Three developmental stages were studied: the attachment of the blastocyst, the invasion of the trophoblast and the formation of the primitive streak. All three stages were affected, but the stage of invasion was found to be the most susceptible to lead as determined by decrease in frequency of animals with normal embryos.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1977

Prolonged survival of implanting rat blastocysts in the uterus of congenitally athymic mice.

Rat blastocysts were transferred to the uteri of either immunodeficient, congenitally athymic (nu/nu) 'nude' mice or immunocompetent, heterozygous (nu/+) mice. Histological analysis showed that there was a similar frequency of implanted blastocysts in the two types of mice, that blastocysts transferred to nude athymic mice outlived those in heterozygous controls by at least 3 days, and that blastocysts in nude mice showed delayed and abnormal development and were eventually rejected. These findings suggest that the T-cell deficiency in nude mice may prolong the survival of implanting blastocyst but that other immune or non-immune factors still limit their development.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Clinical, neurophysiological and morphological findings in Eaton Lambert syndrome.

Two patients with maysthenic syndrome apparently not associated with carcinoma were studied in detail with repetitive stimulation of motor nerves, single fibre electromyography and histology. One patient showed signs of widespread autonomic dysfunction and the other patient had multifocal CNS symptoms of unclear etiology. Both cases showed a marked improvement with guanidine treatment which could be documented by the electrophysiological investigations. Due to severe adverse effects of the guanidine treatment on kidney, pancreatic and bone marrow functions the drug had to be withdrawn. Edrophonium given intravenously caused a marked and longlasting improvement of the muscle weakness and of the neurophysiological parameters. The mechanism of action is suggested to be different from that seen in myasthenia gravis. Single fibre electromyography showed a marked increase of neuromuscular jitter and blockings which decreased with increasing innervation frequency. The morphological study showed a selective affection of type II (fast twitch) fibres, a finding which is suggested to be secondary to an impaired neuromuscular transmission in the type II motor units.

Action Potentials↗