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Biomedical subjects

O Nativ

Publications and source records attributed to O Nativ.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Endotoxin-induced shedding of viable uroepithelial cells is an antimicrobial defense mechanism.

ICR mice were infected intravesically with a virulent (7343) or a nonvirulent (U+) Escherichia coli strain. The U+ strain induced considerably more shedding of uroepithelial cells than did the 7343 strain. The stimulus for this shedding was shown to be associated with lipopolysaccharide and was abrogated by pretreatment with aprotinin. Desquamation commenced within 1 h postinjection, and the cells that were shed proved to be viable. Comparison of C3H/HeJ and C3H mice revealed that only the latter responded to shedding inducers. However, C3H/HeJ mice succumbed to a systemic infection on injection of 10(6) U+ cells intravesically, whereas other mouse strains required a 100-fold dose of bacteria for this effect. Since the first stage of a bacterial infection entails adherence of the microbes to epithelial cells, inducible shedding is an antimicrobial defense mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Vesicoureteral reflux in adults: a review of 95 patients.

Ninety-five adult patients with primary vesicoureteral reflux were reviewed concerning the presenting symptoms, radiological findings, associated renal damage, treatment and results of follow-up. We found a relatively high incidence of reflux in adult males. Although urinary tract infection and flank pain were the most common presentation, others had a wide variety of complaints not directly attributable to reflux. Renal anomalies were present in 37 patients. We found surgical correction of reflux useful in preventing infection, and recommend it especially in young women who may become pregnant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Ureterocutaneous fistulas secondary to urinary calculous disease.

Fistulas of the ureter are uncommon and are usually secondary to trauma or iatrogenic in nature. Spontaneous rupture of the ureter is rare, usually ending in a periureteral abscess. Two cases of spontaneous rupture of the ureter secondary to calculous disease resulting in ureterocutaneous fistulas are described.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Primary chondrosarcoma of the kidney.

Primary chondrosarcoma of the extraskeletal soft tissue is rare, usually occurring in the upper and lower extremities. We report the first case of this neoplasm arising in the kidney.

Chondrosarcoma↗
PubMed1985

Severe pulmonary nocardiosis in a kidney allograft recipient with a low immunological response.

A patient with severe pulmonary nocardiosis occurring in the early posttransplant period is presented. Three outstanding features characterized this case: 1) the failure to diagnose this rare opportunitistic pathogen by conventional detection methods necessitated open lung biopsy; 2) the initiation of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole therapy resulted in a dramatic clinical response; and 3) an allograft recipient with a low immunological response contracted nocardiosis. His immune status became apparent following pretransplant donor-specific blood transfusion tests, unresponsiveness to third-party transfusion and graft tolerance permitting the permanent withdrawal of azathioprine without graft function impairment.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the cord: ultrasonic evaluation.

A rare case of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma in a young adult is described, emphasizing the role of ultrasonic preoperative examination in evaluating the consistency and extension of the scrotal mass for surgical management.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Prophylactic antimicrobial treatment in transurethral prostatectomy. How long should it be instituted?

Eighty-one patients with proved preoperative sterile urine and undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate were studied. The patients were divided into 3 groups: group A received sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (ST) preoperatively and postoperatively for ten days; group B received ST in 2 divided doses, one pre- and one postoperatively; group C received no prophylaxis. In groups A and B, we found urinary infection in 3.8 per cent of patients compared with 32 per cent in group C. Performing prostatic chip cultures, we found that most urinary infections were unrelated to a prostatic source. When the prostate was infected, 75 per cent had infected urine postoperatively. We believe that prophylactic antimicrobial treatment should be given to all patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy. However, it seems that immediate perioperative treatment suffices.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Urinary infections following transurethral resection of bladder tumors--rate and source.

The incidence of urinary infection and its source after transurethral resection of bladder tumors were investigated. Patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy constituted the control group. All patients had proved preoperative sterile urine and did not receive any antimicrobial treatment. The incidence of urinary infection following transurethral resection of bladder tumors was 19.4 per cent, with an incidence of positive tumor chip cultures of 3.2 per cent. The incidence of urinary infection after transurethral prostatectomy was 32 per cent, with an incidence of positive prostate chip cultures of 8 per cent. We concluded that the source of urinary infection following transurethral resection of bladder tumors and transurethral prostatectomy in most cases is not from within the tissue but rather from perioperative manipulations.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Semen quality and hormonal status of patients following testicular torsion.

16 patients, 4 months to five years following unilateral torsion of the testis were evaluated as to semen quality and hormonal status. In patients operated within 12 hours of the onset of pain 44% had normal semen quality while in those operated following more than 12 hours only 20% had normal semen analysis. FSH, LH and testosterone levels were normal in 14 of the 16 patients. One patient had a low testosterone level and slightly elevated FSH, another patient had slightly elevated levels of both FSH and LH.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bladder cancer--genetic overview.

BACKGROUND: This article review the serial genetic changes which are responsible to the initiation and progression of bladder cancer. Knowledge of the exact genetic alteration has a direct implication on the development of knew more sensitive and specific tool for an early diagnosis and better prognosis calculations. CONCLUSION: Bladder cancer develop and progress through a series of genetic alterations. Understanding of the genetic mechanisms which lead to malignant transformation gave rise to the development of various genetic mechanisms which lead to malignant transformation gave rise to the development of various genetic tools providing better ability of early detection and more accurate prognosis prediction.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radical retropubic prostatectomy in the treatment of localized prostate cancer: experience with 100 consecutive cases.

In recent years radical retropubic prostatectomy is used with increasing frequency to treat localized cancer of the prostate. We report our experience with 100 consecutive cases of prostate cancer that underwent this operation; there were no cases of mortality and a 7% rate of postoperative complications. More than 90% of the patients are socially continent postoperatively and 20% have retained sexual potency. Ninety-four percent of the patients are free of disease (mean follow-up period 18 months). In our opinion, such results support the use of radical retropubic prostatectomy for the treatment of localized prostate cancer in well-selected patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new intraurethral sphincter prosthesis with a self contained urinary pump.

An intraurethral sphincter prosthesis with a self contained urinary pump for the management of atonic bladder in women was developed and tested. The prosthesis is comprised of a short, self retaining silicone catheter in which there is a valve and pump. Available in a range of lengths and diameters according to urethral size, its insertion is similar to that of a urethral catheter. The prosthesis is secured by a novel fixation method that has soft expandable silicone fins at the bladder neck and a flexible flange at the external meatus. It is activated by a small hand-held control device. To urinate, the activator is placed on the lower abdomen area and the "on" button is pressed, providing energy to the pump by a magnetic coupling method. Once activated, the valve opens and the pump rotates at a high speed, drawing urine from the bladder and pushing it forward, allowing the patient to "void" with a urine flow of 10 to 12 cc/sec. When the bladder is completely evacuated, the pumping ceases and the valve closes, restoring continence. The device was evaluated clinically in 17 women. Fifteen of the patients had a range of use of 2 weeks to 16 months during which they were dry and had complete bladder emptying. Two patients did not tolerate the device because of uninhibited detrusor contractions and, in both cases, it was removed without complication after 5 days.

Adolescent↗