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Biomedical subjects

O N Gaĭkova

Publications and source records attributed to O N Gaĭkova.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Cellular gliosis of the human brain white matter and its significance in pathogenesis of focal epilepsy].

The study was performed in operative material obtained during surgical interventions from 129 patients aged from 5 to 47 with focal (temporal) epilepsy. Disease duration made from 1.5 to 47 Ys. In majority of cases cell gliosis was developed in substantia alba. Its basic component are incompletely differentiated cell forming likely the precursors of astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. They were not identified by means of classic histological methods. Disturbance of isolating function of the axon myelinated coat caused by myelinopathy and partial or complete demyelinization serves a stimulus to development of pronounced gliosis. In such case gliosis of substantia alba should be considered as compensatory adaptive reaction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[The structure of pseudocystic formations in the temporal lobe in focal epilepsy].

The material obtained in open operative interventions from 117 patients with focal (temporal) epilepsy was studied. In 58% of the observations rounded and oval-shaped cavities with distinct borders without any lining, i.e. pseudocystic structures were found. By morphological traits they could be related to cribllurs as there is a vessel in each cavity. All-level disturbance of intracerebral vessels and damage of blood-brain barrier together with hypoxia associated with it are probably the reason for criblir development. Pseudocystic structures that are not connected with the vessel lesion could be of another, sometimes inflammatory genesis. Thus, pseudocystic structures that unite in a network of channels connected with subarachnoidal space occur in temporal lobe in focal epilepsy in over half of cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Diagnosis of malignant blue nevus].

A case of malignant melanoma of the femur is described. The tumor has arisen in the presence of proliferating blue nervus. Differential diagnosis appeared complicated due to a high degree of cell differentiation in apparent anaplasia of the tumor tissue. Malignant nature of the process was evident from a rapid proliferation of the long-standing pigmented new growth, its large size, necrosis and mitoses presentation.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1987

[Giant combined pigmented dysplastic nevus].

A giant congenital pigmented nevus combining an epidermal and a blue nevus is described in a boy. Since the lesions were extensive, multiple, and showed predominantly cell proliferation in the absence of pronounced anaplasia, the condition was diagnosed as a dysplastic nevus syndrome. Because the nevus was dysplastic, congenital, and of giant size, the child ran a high risk of developing malignant melanoma.

Epidermis↗
PubMed1987

[Role of nonspecific factors in the therapeutic action of general hyperthermia in oncologic diseases].

A study was made of the indices of hemodynamics, the immune status and thiol-disulfide system of the blood of cancer patients subjected to artificial total hyperthermia-hyperglycemia. The authors revealed the phase nature of the body response to total hyperthermia resulting in stimulation of the body adaptation mechanisms with a tendency to the normalization of disturbed homeostatic parameters. The effect of total hyperthermia in cancer therapy depended not only on the factor of selective temperature damage of tumor cells but also on the competence of the system of nonspecific body resistance.

Disulfides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New morphological data on multiple sclerosis].

The brain from 6 patients who died of multiple sclerosis was studied with MR tomography (MRT), macroscopy, light (CD 3, CD 20, LCA antigens) and electron microscopy (EM). Typical foci of demyelinization (plaques) were found in all cases. Alterations of brain arteries were found particularly in arteries of narrow lumen--with disturbance or even absence of elastin and muscle layer. Up to 30% of the vessels were surrounded by microcavities. Perivascular infiltrates consisting primarily of T lymphocytes were observed around the vessels (up to 70% of all vessels). This indicates the importance of vascular changes in the disease pathogenesis. Four variants of demyelinization (plaques) are distinguished depending on the degree of destruction of myelin, axons and glia. Two types of cells were found in the plaques with most pronounced changes: astrocytes and newly formed oligodendrocytes. Classification of plaques is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphology of epileptic leukoencephalopathy].

Special interest has never been focused on the pathology of white matter in the epileptogenic brain. In the authors' material obtained from 129 patients in the course of the open surgery because of temporal epilepsy marked alterations of the white matter of the temporal lobe were found. These alterations include different processes which can be combined in general syndrome of epileptic leukoencephalopathy. Changes in the vascular system of the brain include: arterial wall sclerosis, hyalinosis, and arterial convolution development, abnormal structure of the brain blood barrier. Pathology of myelin include heavy damage of sheets and total demyelinisation of some axons. Cyst formation with complex walls; gliosis-apparently the majority part of cells are young astrocytes. All these alterations in white matter contribute to pathogenesis of epilepsy.

Adolescent↗