PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE KIDNEY IN SHOCK AND IN ACUTE RENAL FAILURE.
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Acute Kidney Injury↗
Biomedical subjects
O Munck
Publications and source records attributed to O Munck.
Enzymes in cell fractions of human liver biopsies.
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Aspartate Aminotransferases↗
The transplanted kidney. Diagnostic and interventional radiology.
Following kidney allotransplantation a great number of complications threaten the patient and his graft, e.g. acute tubular necrosis, acute and chronic rejection, urologic and vascular complications and complications due to the immunosuppressive treatment. During the last decade a number of technical developments in radionuclide, ultrasonographic and radiographic imaging and intervention has significantly improved the possibility of early recognition and handling of such complications. Knowledge of the capability and limitations of the various techniques is of vital importance for their rational use. The aim of this review article is to give a short description of the various imaging modalities, the rational monitoring of the posttransplant patient, and possible handling of complications by the aid of imaging techniques.
Angiography↗
Antiepileptic drugs: metabolism in pregnancy.
In an open prospective clinical study, plasma clearance of phenytoin, phenobarbitone and carbamazepine was assessed in 14 epileptic patients during and after pregnancy. Plasma clearance showed a marked increase during pregnancy, reached a maximum just before or after delivery, and then decreased to early pregnancy values. The relative plasma concentration of carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide to that of carbamazepine increased similarly during pregnancy. The protein binding of carbamazepine and the epoxide was not influenced by pregnancy. A higher rate of hepatic drug metabolism, due to alteration of the physiological state in pregnancy is suggested as the most reasonable explanation. No change in seizure frequency was seen, probably because of frequent dose adjustments in order to keep plasma levels within the optimum range.
Adult↗
Use of 99Tcm radionuclides to show nephrotoxicity of cyclosporin A in transplanted kidneys.
In 60 patients, 99Tcm pertechnetate or 99Tcm methylene diphosphonate was injected through an arm vein within 36 h after renal transplantation and repeated 24 or 48 h later. Thirty-one were treated with azathioprine and prednisone, 27 of the grafts had a well-defined peak on the histograms similar to that from the iliac artery histograms at both examinations. In contrast, of the 29 patients treated with cyclosporin A, only 5 of the grafts had a well-defined peak at both examinations. The difference is highly significant. Treatment with cyclosporin A causes a decrease in renal blood flow in the days immediately after transplantation.
Azathioprine↗
Acetylsalicylic acid in the prevention of stroke in patients with reversible cerebral ischemic attacks. A Danish cooperative study.
Two hundred and three patients, 148 males and 55 females, who during the last month before admission had experienced at least one reversible cerebral ischemic attack of less than 72 hours duration, were randomly assigned to treatment with either acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) 1000 mg daily (101 patients) or placebo (102 patients). The average follow-up period was 25 months. The two treatment groups were comparable with respect to age, sex, associated diseases, risk factors, number and duration of cerebral ischemic attacks. No statistically significant differences were found between the treatment groups as to the primary end point: stroke or death (ASA group 20.8%, placebo group 16.7%). Occurrence of transient ischemic attacks during the treatment period was not reduced by ASA treatment, whereas there was a trend suggesting fewer myocardial infarctions in the ASA group (5.9%) than in the placebo group (13.7%). The difference, however, was not statistically significant (p = 0.10). We were thus unable to demonstrate any favorable influence of ASA 1000 mg daily in patients with reversible ischemic attacks. This study does not, of course, prove that ASA treatment is ineffective in stroke prevention.
Adult↗