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Biomedical subjects

O Lukkarinen

Publications and source records attributed to O Lukkarinen.

88 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Rapid and slow response of human testicular steroidogenesis to hCG by measurements of steroids in spermatic and peripheral vein blood.

The effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on testicular steroid secretion were studied in men during operation upon inguinal hernia. To investigate the rapid testicular response, we drew blood samples from peripheral and spermatic veins at the beginning of the operation, then gave an intramuscular injection of 5000 I.U. of hCG, and took another set of blood samples 30 min after injection. The slow testicular response to hCG was evaluate by taking samples from spermatic and peripheral veins 4 days following hCG administration. The operation alone led to a significant decrease in spermatic vein levels of pregnenolone, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione and testosterone in 30 min. Testicular steroidogenesis responded rapidly to hCG stimulation, which was reflected in elevated spermatic vein levels of pregnenolone, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone at 30 min following hCG. In peripheral vein, the concentrations of pregnenolone, progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone were significantly elevated at the same time. Four days following hCG administration, the peripheral serum concentrations of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and estradiol were significantly increased. In spermatic vein, the steroids released after 4 days suggested a preferential release of C19 steroids and estradiol. Our results directly demonstrate that the human testis is able to respond rapidly to hCG stimulation. The first effect of hCG might be general facilitation of C21 and C19 steroid release to the circulation. Four days after hCG stimulation, the secretion of C19 steroids (including testosterone) and estradiol seems to be preferred, with a relative decrease in the release of C21 steroids.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Secretion into and elimination from blood circulation of prostate specific acid phosphatase, measured by radioimmunoassay.

The concentration of prostate specific acid phosphatase (PAP) was significantly higher in serum specimens from prostatic venous plexus blood than from peripheral venous blood in 6 patients operated upon because of benign prostatic hypertrophy. This suggests that normally circulating PAP is secreted via the prostatic venous plexus. We also investigated the disappearance of PAP from the circulation after total prostatectomy and staging pelvic lymphadenectomies in 5 patients with nonmetastazing prostatic cancer and in 1 patient with bladder cancer. During the postmaximum period, serum PAP concentrations declined, following 2-exponential curves, the 1st mean half life of elimination being 1.2 hours (range 0.5--2.5 hours). It is possible that PAP released from the prostate during the operation was eliminated during the 1st period. The 2nd half life was found to be remarkably long (mean = 281 hours), and it may represent PAP bound by serum protein(s).

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

Radioimmunoassayable prostate-specific acid phosphatase in peripheral and bone marrow sera compared in diagnosis of prostatic cancer patients.

Measurements of human prostate-specific acid phosphatase by radioimmunoassay in peripheral and bone marrow sera were compared. We studied 20 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, 27 with untreated prostatic cancer without bone metastases and 11 with metastases, in addition to 7 with cancer treated by hormonal therapy. The prostate-specific acid phosphatase concentrations in peripheral and bone marrow serum samples were equal and did not exceed the upper limit of our health-associated reference interval, 2.8 microgram. per 1. (mean plus 2 standard deviations) in patients with prostatic hyperplasia. Of 27 prostatic cancer patients without bone metastases the concentration of prostate-specific acid phosphatase was elevated in the peripheral sera of 20 and in the bone marrow sera of 21, and 21 had an extracapsular tumor (stage T3 to T4). Prostate-specific acid phosphatase concentrations were elevated in peripheral and bone marrow serum specimens of all 11 patients with metastases and bone marrow cytology studies were positive in 2. There was no difference in prostate-specific acid phosphatase concentrations in peripheral and bone marrow serum specimens from prostatic cancer patients undergoing hormonal treatment. We conclude that the use of bone marrow serum for the measurement of radioimmunoassayable prostate-specific acid phosphatase in prostatic cancer patients does not provide any further information in regard to the detection of prostatic cancer compared to the use of peripheral serum specimens. Falsely positive findings in bone marrow specimens were not observed with the method used.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1981

Long-term effects of endocrine treatment on serum pituitary hormones in advanced prostatic carcinoma patients.

Peripheral serum concentrations of FSH, LH, prolactin and ACTH were measured in 22 patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma treated by castration, polyestradiol phosphate (Estradurin) administration and a combination of castration and Estradurin administration during the first 12 months of treatment. Estradurin treatment alone (80 mg i.m.l once a month) did not result in any significant changes in the circulating concentrations of FSH, LH and prolactin. Therefore, the clear-cut inhibition of testicular steroidogenesis observed under this kind of treatment does not appear to be due to an inhibition of pituitary gonadotropin secretion, and is most likely due to a direct estrogen effect on Leydig cells. Castration led to grossly elevated serum FSH and LH levels. In this group, serum FSH remained at a high level, whereas LH was close to pretreatment levels 9 months after castration, suggesting differences in pituitary capacity to secrete FSH and LH under these conditions. Concentrations of circulating FSH, and to a lesser extent LH, in the combination treatment group were between those found in the castration and estrogen-only treatment groups, suggesting that the secretion of both gonadotropins can be suppressed by estrogen. No changes in serum prolactin and ACTH concentrations were seen in the three treatment groups.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1981

The effect of manipulation of the prostate gland on serum prostate-specific acid phosphatase measured by radioimmunoassay.

We investigated the effects of digital prostatic palpation, cystoscopy, and biopsy of the prostate on the concentrations of serum prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PAP) measured by radioimmunoassay. Serum concentrations of PAP in patients with normal or hyperplastic prostates did not exceed the upper limit of our reference range (4 microgram per liter) during the 48 hr after digital prostatic palpation. The serum concentrations of PAP did not significantly increase in patients with carcinomatous prostates after digital examination of the prostate. Serum PAP did increase in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia soon after cystoscopy of biopsy of the prostate. No diurnal variation in the serum concentrations of PAP during the follow-up of 48 hr was detected in the patient groups with normal, benign hyperplastic, or carcinomatous prostates not subjected to rectal examination.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1981

Effectiveness of radioimmunoassay of human prostate-specific acid phosphatase in the diagnosis and follow-up of therapy in prostatic carcinoma.

The radioimmunoassay of human prostate-specific acid phosphatase and the measurement of the catalytic activity of acid phosphatase using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate were compared in the diagnosis and follow-up of therapy of prostatic cancer patients. We monitored 17 patients without metastases and eight patients with metastases for 12 months. We detected elevation of the catalytic activity of acid phosphatase [the upper limit for the reference range was mean + 2 (S.D.)] in 24% of the sera of all these patients (n = 25), and the concentration of prostate-specific acid phosphatase measured by radioimmunoassay [the upper limit for the reference range was mean + 3 (S.D.)] was elevated in 80% of these samples before therapy. The radioimmunological measurement of prostate-specific acid phosphatase was therefore more efficient in detecting prostatic cancer than was measurement of the catalytic activity. Favorable effects of the various forms of endocrine treatment were detected more clearly by the measurement of immunoassayable prostatic acid phosphatase than by the measurement of catalytic activity. Activation of the disease during various forms of endocrine treatment of prostatic carcinoma is possibly more efficiently signaled by radioimmunoassay than by measurement of catalytic activity.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

Total and SHBG-bound testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone serum concentrations in normal elderly men and patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy before and after removal of the adenoma.

Serum testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and their binding by sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were quantified in 10 patients with prostatic hypertrophy, before and after retropubic prostatectomy, and in an age-matched control group. Testosterone was significantly higher in the sera of the BPH patients. The SHBG-bound testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone were identical in both groups, but the fraction of testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone not bound to SHBG was higher in the group with BPH. Therefore patients with prostatic hypertrophy are exposed to increased androgen action. Prostatectomy did not lead to significant changes in serum testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone or their binding to SHBG.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Peripheral and prostatic vein steroid concentrations in benign prostatic hypertrophy patients before and after removal of the adenoma.

The concentrations of androgenic steroids and some of their precursors were determined in the prostatic and peripheral veins of 16 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). The same steroids were also measured in the peripheral vein after removal of the adenoma. The mean concentration of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone in prostatic vein (4.40 nmol/l +/- 0.37, mean +/- S.E.M.) was significantly higher than in peripheral vein (2.63 nmol/l +/- 0.30, mean +/- S.E.M.) indicating secretion of this steroid by the adenoma. We did not observe any correlation between the weight of the removed tissue and the secretion of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. The concentrations of pregnenolone, progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, testosterone and androsterone were the same in the prostatic and peripheral veins. There were no changes in the concentrations of steroids measured before and 1 and 6 months after removal of the BPH adenoma. It therefore appears that the secretion of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone by the adenoma is insufficient to influence the circulating levels of this steroid.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Long-term effects of endocrine treatment on serum steroids in advanced prostatic carcinoma patients.

The long-term effects of endocrine therapy, including polyestradiol phosphate (Estradurin) administration, castration, and their combination, on the circulating concentrations of pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, and androsterone were investigated for 1 year in 22 patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma. Only Estradurin significantly reduced serum concentrations of testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. Orchidectomy resulted in a more pronounced decrease in the serum concentrations of testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone; Estradurin combined with orchidectomy led to no additional decrease. There were no consistent changes in the serum concentrations of other steroids measured. It is likely that Estradurin has a direct inhibitory effect on steroidogenesis in Leydig cells, but a significant residual testicular production of testosterone occurred during the period of Estradurin treatment, when given alone. No increase in serum concentrations of adrenal androgens or their precursors was observed during any of the three treatment regimens.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Testicular steroid secretion and peripheral serum steroid concentrations in patients with prostatic carcinoma after short-term estrogen treatment.

The short-term effects of the administration of estradiol on testicular steroid production were assessed by measuring the serum concentrations of testosterone, and a number of its precursors and metabolites, in the spermatic and peripheral veins of five inguinal hernia patients and one untreated prostatic carcinoma patient, as well as in 18 patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma, treated for 1 to 9 days with a single injection of 80 mg of polyestradiol phosphate (Estradurin). With the exception of progesterone, the treatment resulted in a significantly decreased testicular production of all steroids measured in spermatic vein serum; the same finding holds true for concentrations of testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in peripheral vein serum before and after treatment. By comparing the steroid concentrations in the spermatic and peripheral veins it is evident that the testicular production of all steroids measured persisted, although at a decreased level, even 7 to 9 days after Estradurin administration; this was most pronounced in the case of testosterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. It is apparent that the effect of estradiol on testicular steroid production is a gradual process which takes several days before it is clearly evident.

Androgens↗
PubMed1979

Serum sex hormone binding globulin and testosterone binding after estradiol administration, castration, and their combination in men with prostatic carcinoma.

We measured serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) binding capacity, the index of testosterone binding to SHRG, and the serum concentrations of testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol in 16 patients treated for advanced prostatic carcinoma in order to evaluate the effectiveness of various therapeutic regimes in reducing total and biologically active androgen in blood. Polyestradiol phosphate (Estradurin, 80 mg im as a monthly injection) treatment alone is not as efficient as castration in reducing serum testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. There was no clear difference between the castration and combination treatment (castration followed by polyestradiol phosphate administration) groups in this respect. It is apparent that Estradurin treatment alone and in combination with castration results in small but significant increases in SHBG binding capacity, whereas this parameter did not alter after castration alone. All three forms of treatment resulted in relatively similar significant increases in the index of testosterone binding to SHBG. The rather mild effect of Estradurin on the parameters measured may be attributable to the binding of the exogenous estradiol to SHBG, which thus greatly reduces its biologic activity. We concluded that castration is clearly more effective in reducing the amount of biologically active testosterone than Estradurin and the combination of these treatments has little influence on further reducing total or biologically active circulating testosterone.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Total pancreatectomy for acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. A case report.

A patient with acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis treated successfully with total pancreatectomy is reported. Total pancreatectomy is rarely indicated in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis as suggested by only one surviving patient in the literature so far. Though near total pancreatectomy remains the best surgical treatment in patients with acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis dying from the disease because of failure of nonoperative treatment, total pancreatectomy may be considered as an alternative if circumstances so indicate.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Applicability of the new ITKA GSD Basic 250 electrosurgical unit to urologic endoscopic surgery, laparoscopic surgery and urologic open surgery.

The purpose of the study was to assess the applicability of a new ITKA GSD Basic 250 electrosurgical unit (ESU) to urologic endoscopic surgery, laparoscopic surgery and open urologic surgery, its possible interference with videorecording and stray currents in healthy tissues. A new ITKA GSD Basic 250 ESU (test ESU) was used and compared to conventional ESU (Berchtold Elektrotom 390 as reference ESU). Experimental surgery was carried out on three female pigs, which underwent endoscopic, laparoscopic and open surgery. Altogether 29 patients underwent either endoscopic or open surgery with the test ESU. In experimental surgery, the ideal cutting and coagulation settings of the test ESU were in the range 15-25% for endoscopic surgery. In laparoscopic surgery, tissues were ideally resected and removed at 10-15% power settings. In open experimental surgery, the ideal power settings were 25-30%. In human surgery, the test ESU operated well at 25-35% power settings in endoscopic surgery, while in open surgery on humans the ideal settings were 25-35% in monopolar use and 20-25% in bipolar use. When used for endoscopic operations, the test ESU did not interfere with videorecording. Nor were any adverse effects seen in the surrounding tissues. The patients had neither early nor late complications. Histopathological findings revealed no differences in healing between the test ESU and reference ESU. Experimental and patient surgery showed the test ESU to be both safe and effective. It is suitable to be used in urologic endoscopic surgery, laparoscopic surgery and open urologic surgery. It does not interfere with videorecording or cause harmful stray currents in surrounding tissues. Power can be adjusted linearly and precisely. Low-power operation is also possible.

Abdominal Muscles↗