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Biomedical subjects

O Linderkamp

Publications and source records attributed to O Linderkamp.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Association of neonatal respiratory distress with birth asphyxia and deficiency of red cell mass in premature infants.

Red cell mass (RCM) was estimated using 125I-labelled human serum albumin in 128 premature infants born after 26 to 36 weeks gestation. Infants of three different gestational periods (26--29, 30--32, and 33--36 weeks) with respiratory distress (RD) averaged lower one-minute Apgar scores and lower RCM than infants without RD (P less than 0.05). The incidence of RD was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in infants with Apgar scores below 6 and in infants with RCM of less than 35 ml/kg than in the infants with greater values. The highest incidence of RD and the highest mortality rate were found in the infants with low Apgar scores and low RCM values. Prematures with similar Apgar scores showed a higher incidence of RD when RCM was low, and infants with similar RCM showed a higher incidence of RD when Apgar scores were low. Our results suggest that both birth asphyxia and deficiency of red cell mass interfere with postnatal cardio-respiratory adaptation. In high-risk premature infants, erythrocytes should be transfused when the venous haematocrit is below 0.459

Anemia↗
PubMed1978

Peripheral circulation in the newborn: interaction of peripheral blood flow, blood pressure, blood volume, and blood viscosity.

Peripheral blood flow and systolic blood pressure (strain-gauge plethysmograph), blood volume (Evans blue) and whole blood viscosity (cone-plate viscometer) have been measured in 66 premature and full-term infants 6 to 144h of age. Blood flow and blood volume were moderately decreased in the infants with respiratory distress. Highly significant (P less than 0.001) correlations were found between blood flow and blood volume (r = 0.77), blood pressure and blood volume (r = 0.50), peripheral resistance and blood volume (r = -0.44), blood flow and blood pressure (r = 0.50), blood flow and peripheral resistance (r = -0.67), peripheral resistance and blood viscosity (r = 0.45), and blood viscosity and haematocrit (r = 0.86). There was no correlation between peripheral blood flow and blood viscosity. However, at given blood volume, peripheral blood flow decreased with increasing blood viscosity. These results indicate that in newborn infants peripheral blood flow, blood pressure and peripheral resistance are influenced by blood volume, but also depend on blood viscosity.

Blood Circulation↗
PubMed1978

In vivo vs in vitro response time of trancutaneous PO2 electrodes. A comparison of four devices in newborn infants.

Four devices for transcutaneous PO2 (tcPO2) monitoring have been applied simultaneously in 16 infants. Both during a maximal change in PaO2 and during physiological PO2 variations, the in vivo response time of the electrodes did not show the differences observed in vitro. We compared A, a prototype of the electrode by Huck, Lübbers and Huch (25 micrometer Telfon membrane) ; B, the commercial version of A by Hellige--Draeger (25 micrometer Telfon); C, the Radiometer TCM I oxygen monitor (25 micrometer polypropylene); and D, the Roche macrocathode electrode (6 micrometer Mylar), at 44 degree C. In vitro the 50% response times were 2.9 (A), 4.4 (B), 3.7 (C), and 7.4 (D) sec. The rates of tcPO2 changes at the midpoint of the response curves were 3.8(A) 2.0 (B), 3.0 (C), and 1.7 (D) kPa/sec. In vivo during a sudden change from hyperoxemia (FIO2 1.0) to normoxaemia the respective rates were 0.6 (A), 0.8 (B), 1.1 (C), and 1.0(D) kPa/sec. The in vivo 50% response times were 53.3 (A), 51.1 (B), 46.2 (C) and 45.3 (d) kPa/sec. The in vivo 50% response time were 53.3 (A), 51.1 (B), 46.2 (C), and 45.3 (d) kPa/sec. The in vivo 50% resonse time were 53.3 (A), 51.1 (B), 46.2 (C), and 45.3 (D) sec. The lag time between PaO2 and tcPO2 was about one third of this overall response time. The response to more physiological variations of PaO2 (periodic breathing) was not different among the tested electrodes in terms of damping and of delay of the tcPO2 deflections. In a steady state the correlation of tcPO2 44 degree C vs PaO2 was close (r = 0.98) with all devices up to 6.1 kPa (456 torr).

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1978

Blood volume of children with leukemia.

Blood volume was measured using 125iodinated human serum albumin in 27 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and in 7 children with various types of leukemia. Total blood volume was normal in patients without marked enlargement of spleen and liver, and increased progressively as spleen and liver size increased. The hypervolemia was entirely due to expansion of plasma volume. In the children with marked hepatosplenomegaly, only hematocrit (but not red cell mass) was below the normal range in most cases. Both hematocrit and red cell mass were subnormal in the majority of patients without considerably enlarged spleen and liver. Therefore, anemia in children with marked hepatosplenomegaly may be partly caused by hemodilution of red blood cells in expanded plasma volume.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Skin oxygen permeability in premature infants.

While 24 newborn infants (ages, 2 to 48 hours; gestational ages, 24 to 42 weeks) breathed various concentrations of oxygen, the PO2 values on their unheated skin surface were measured by an unheated microcathode electrode for transcutaneous PO2 monitoring. In infants with arterial PO2 values in the range of 50 to 100 torr and with similar skin temperatures, the mean surface PO2 of unheated skin was inversely related to birth weight: 27.2 torr in infants weighing less than 1,500 gm, 14.3 torr in infants weighing 1,500 to 2,500gm, and 2.9 torr in infants weighing more than 2,500 gm. In the smallest infants, the skin surface PO2 was significantly related to arterial PO2: it was about one third of arterial PO2 as estimated by a second electrode for transcutaneous PO2 monitoring heated to 44 degrees C. Phototherapy, crying, or blood transfusion increased the surface PO2 of unheated skin, but not the tcPO2 measured at 44 degrees C. These findings suggest that blood flow to the skin in excess of its metabolic needs due to immature control of cutaneous circulation, along with low resistance to oxygen diffusion, determines the high oxygen permeability of skin in premature infants.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1977

Capillary-venous hematocrit differences in newborn infants. I. Relationship to blood volume, peripheral blood flow, and acid base parameters.

Venous and capillary hematocrit, acid base values, and circulatory parameters were measured simultaneously in 92 newborn infants within six hours of birth. Gestational age ranged from 26 to 41 weeks. The capillary/venous hematocrit ratio (Hctc/Hctv) was greater than 1.00 in 89 infants. We found significant inverse correlations between Hctc/Hctv and several parameters, such as pH (r = -0.82), standard bicarbonate (r = -0.73), systolic blood pressure (r = -0.51), and peripheral blood flow (r = -0.70). Most of the infants with a Hctc/Hctv of 1.20 and above had red cell mass values of less than 35 ml/kg. However, blood volume apparently did not influence the Hctc/Hctv. Gestational age appeared to affect Hctc/Hctv only before 30 weeks, when compared with the Hctc/Hctv of term infants. Our results indicate that disturbed circulation, and in particular, disturbed microcirculation is involved in the development of high Hctc/Hctv ratios. We strongly advise that hematocrits obtained by skin prick from a sick newborn infant should not be relied on as they may give misleading information on oxygen carrying capacity to vital organs.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1977

Estimation and prediction of blood volume in infants and children.

Blood volume was studied in 160 infants and children aged from one hour to 14 years. From these data linear and logarithmic regression equations relating blood volume to weight, height and surface area were calculated. Equations utilizing combined weight and logarithmic weight values were found to be the most accurate for predicting blood volume. Therefore, nomograms were constructed for reading blood volume directly from height and weight.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Plasma volume estimation in severely ill infants and children using a simplified Evans blue method.

Plasma volume was measured using Evans blue dye and 125iodinated human serum albumin (RIHSA) simultaneously in order to evaluate the accuracy of a simplified Evans blue method recommended by Nielsen and Nielsen (1962). 9 studies were performed in 8 newborn infants weighing 1.07 to 2.85 kg and 16 studies in 14 patients aged 6 months to 14 years suffering from severe circulatory disturbances. In 20 studies, plasma volumes measured by Evans blue and by RIHSA agreed within +/-5%, and in all the studies within +/-10%. The Evans blue method yielded higher plasma volumes than the RIHSA method in 19 instances. The mean difference (paired t-test) was only significant in newborn infants (+4.0+/-3.6%; P less than 0.05). The disappearance rates of Evans blue exceeded that of RIHSA in 16 studies, but this was only significant in the patients older than 6 months (+2.3+/-4.2%/h; P less than 0.05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Accuracy of blood volume estimations in critically ill children using 125I-labelled albumin and 51Cr-labelled red cells.

Blood volume was estimated using 51chromium labelled red cells and 125iodinated human serum albumin in 5 children with sepsis, in 6 burned children and 7 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Studies of the equilibration pattern demonstrated that the mixing time of labelled red cells was prolonged to 40 minutes or more in 5 children, indicating the existence of slowly circulating red cells. Mixing of labelled albumin was complete within 10 minutes in 15 patients and within 20 minutes in all the children studied. In a burned patient with severe sepsis, exchange transfusion improved the clinical state and normalized the equilibration pattern of labelled red cells. The mean body/venous haematocrit ratio was 0.893+/-0.018 (SD) in the children with sepsis, 0.859+/-0.052 in the burned patients, and 0.916+/-0.078 in the children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, increasing with spleen size in the latter group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[The influence of neuroleptanalgesia on blood volume and circulatory pressures (author's transl)].

Studies of blood volume (Evans blue), haematocrit, arterial blood and central venous pressure (CVP) were performed in 37 patients aged 61 to 80 years, 15 h (time I) and 15 min (time II) before, and 20 min after (time III) induction of neuroleptanalgesia (NLA) with fentanyl 0.004 mg and droperidol 0.2 mg per kg body weight. The patients underwent total hip arthroplasty for degenerative joint disease. 11 male and 11 female patients had no other medical disorders ("normal" group). 6 had considerable obesity and 9 had hypertension. The mean blood volume was lower in the female patients in comparison with the male patients and lower in the obese and hypertensive patients in comparison with the "normal" subjects. Between time I and II there was little decrease of blood and plasma volume and increase of haematocrit in the "normal" group. In the hypertensive patients the reverse was true. During this time the mean blood pressure decreased in the hypertensive patients only. CVP remained unchanged in each group. Between time II and III blood pressure and CVP decreased in all groups studied. A haemodilutional effect of NLA expressed by significant decrease of haematocrit and increase of blood and plasma volume was observed in each group. After induction of NLA we found a close correlation of CVP, systolic and diastolic blood pressure with blood volume. These observations firmly suggest that NLA expands vascular capacity. Consequently NLA may lead to a marked fall of blood pressure in hypovolaemic patients. This is important, particularly in hypertensive patients who usually have low blood volumes.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Solitary hepatic hemangioma in a newborn infant complicated by cardiac failure, consumption coagulopathy, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and obstructive jaundice. Case report and review of the literature.

A newborn infant with a large hepatic hemangioma developed congestive heart failure, consumption coagulopathy, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and obstructive jaundice. The patient was mildly heparinized (250 units per kg and day) and underwent successful resection of the tumor without lobectomy at the age of 3 days. Blood volume increased from 93.9 ml/kg at the age of 5 h to 124.2 ml/kg prior to surgery. Red-cell mass simultaneously decreased from 53.8 to 39.4 ml/kg. The increase of blood volume is explained by congestive heart failure, the decrease of red-cell mass by intravascular coagulation within the tumor resulting in formation of thrombi and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. A review of the literature on infants with symptoms caused by an intrahepatic hemangioma during the first month of life confirms that surgical intervention is the treatment of choice for infants with giant solitary hemangioma of the liver.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗