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Biomedical subjects

O Lalos

Publications and source records attributed to O Lalos.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Personality characteristics of stress incontinent women: a pilot study.

Personality traits were assessed by means of the Karolinska Scale of Personality (KSP) and the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) in 45 genuine stress incontinent women and compared with a reference group of continent women in order to investigate the possible impact of this chronic condition on the personality. Women with stress incontinence of long duration scored significantly higher than controls on the KSP scales somatic anxiety, psychic anxiety, psychasthenia and suspicion and on the EPI lie-scale. These findings point to the importance of personality factors in chronic conditions such as urinary incontinence.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Urodynamics in women with stress incontinence before and after surgery.

Pad test, cystometry and analysis of micturition were performed in 36 women with stress incontinence before and a year after operation with either retropubic urethrocystopexy (n = 22) or pubococcygeal repair (n = 14). There was no difference in the subjective cure rate between the two groups of women (77% and 79%, respectively). The pad test 1 year after operation showed that 59% of the women in the urethrocystopexy group and 43% of the women in the pubococcygeal repair group had stopped leaking urine. The bladder volume had increased in both groups and the intravesical pressure of the bladder filled to the maximum had increased in the pubococcygeal repair group. The functional length of the urethra, intravesical pressure at maximal urine flow, maximal urine flow rate and urethral conductance were not affected by either operation. Pad test was a more accurate test for an objective evaluation of urine leakage before operation than were the urodynamic investigation or continence tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP)/PLAP-like alkaline phosphatase as tumour marker in relation to CA 125 and TPA for ovarian epithelial tumours.

The significance of the PLAP (Placental alkaline phosphatase)/PLAP-like isozyme as tumour marker in relation to CA 125 and TPA for the monitoring of patients with malignant ovarian epithelial tumours was evaluated. Of all patients (n = 85), 40% had all three markers elevated. CA 125 being the most sensitive (60%), and the PLAP/PLAP-like isozyme and TPA both 40%. A tendency to certain tumour marker patterns of these three antigens in serum can be seen with regard to histopathology. Serous and anaplastic adenocarcinomas usually have all three markers moderately elevated, mucinous and mesonephric adenocarcinomas both have low incidences and low average levels of all three markers. Endometrioid and non-mucinous adenocarcinomas are often associated with high levels of the PLAP/PLAP-like isozyme and CA 125, while TPA shows moderate elevation. The PLAP/PLAP-like isozyme is positively correlated to tumour burden and the outcome of the disease. It may provide additional information on CA 125 in the monitoring of patients with ovarian cancer.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

Risk factors for tubal infertility among infertile and fertile women.

Data regarding previous pelvic inflammation, abdominal surgery, endometriosis, obstetrical anamnesis, usage of IUD, occurrence of abdominal pain, vaginal discharge and metrorrhagia were obtained from 120 women with tubal infertility and compared to similar data from 126 pregnant women. Previous abdominal surgery, especially pelvic surgery was the most frequent risk factor present in 59% of the infertile women followed by pelvic inflammation (42%) and endometriosis (10%). In 23% of the infertile women there was no history of abdominal surgery, inflammation or endometriosis. Abdominal surgery, inflammation, ectopic pregnancy, salpingectomy and ovarian resection were significantly more frequent among the women with tubal infertility than among the pregnant women. Finally, there was no significant difference in the occurrence of appendectomy, IUD usage, induced or spontaneous abortion.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1986

Bladder wall mechanics and micturition before and after subtotal and total hysterectomy.

Twenty-two women were assigned at random to subtotal (n = 11) or total (n = 11) hysterectomy. The frequency of micturition was recorded and urodynamic investigation was performed before, and 6 weeks and 6 months after the operation. After hysterectomy the frequency of diurnal micturition decreased and the urethral conductance increased in all patients. After total hysterectomy an increased bladder volume was found. The two operative methods did not differ with respect to pre- and postoperative changes of urinary frequency or urodynamics. The bladder function was not altered by either operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The wish to have a child. A pilot-study of infertile couples.

All women (n = 30) who were to undergo microsurgical treatment for tubal infertility, and their partners (n = 29), were subject to individual interviews just before and 2 years after the tubal surgery. Initially, they answered an open question concerning their wish to have a child and then were asked to choose from a list of 36 alternatives, a maximum of five motives for having a child. The infertile couples' motives were compared with those of three reference groups: one group of 30 who had decided to continue their pregnancy, another group of 101 women who also planned to continue pregnancy and a third group of 459 women applying for legal abortion. All motives on the list were categorized as "philosophical", "social/cultural", "interpersonal" and "intrapsychic" motives. The interpersonal and intrapsychic motives dominated both the infertile women and their partners. A central motive was that a child is an ultimate expression of love between a man and a woman. The motives of the infertile couples, generally, did not differ from those of the reference groups.

Abortion Applicants↗
PubMed1985

Psychological reactions to the medical investigation and surgical treatment of infertility.

The psychological effects of the medical investigation and surgical treatment of infertility were investigated. For 2 years 30 women with a diagnosis of tubal damage and 29 men were followed with repeated interviews. Negative effects on sexual life were recorded in all individuals and were associated with the planning of intercourse. Semen analysis was psychologically difficult to half of the men and feelings of shame and degradation were common. Fear and anxiety were increased before reconstructive tubal surgery and postoperative depression was observed in 10 women. Most couples overestimated their chances of having a child and half of them expected pregnancy to occur within a few months. After 2 years the need for professional support and counseling had increased. The medical procedure has psychological side effects in the infertile couple and may provoke anxiety. The investigation should be comprehensive and short, and psychologically traumatic investigations like basal body temperature records should be used with caution. During the period of somatic investigation and treatment repeated discussions about the marital relationship and sexual life should be initiated and psychosocial counseling should be offered to all couples.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effect of intraperitoneal instillation of 32% dextran 70 on postoperative adhesion formation after tubal surgery.

The intraperitoneal instillation of 32% dextran 70 (HyskonR, Pharmacia AB, Sweden) has previously been reported to prevent the formation of postoperative adhesions. Against this background, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of HyskonR in counteracting peritoneal adhesions following tubal microsurgery. 105 infertile women were operated upon in a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind, multicenter study. The intra-abdominal adhesions present from the beginning were classified by means of a standardized scoring scale and the extent of adhesions was again evaluated at follow-up laparoscopy 4-10 weeks later. A reduction in the extent of the intra-abdominal adhesions (statistically highly significant) was revealed in both the Hyskon group and the saline control group. The extent of adhesions in the Hyskon group was not lesser than in the saline group, however. The pregnancy rates in the two groups were also similar.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The psychosocial impact of infertility two years after completed surgical treatment.

Twenty-four infertile couples were interviewed prior to and 2 years after the woman's reconstructive tubal operation. Their marital relationship, social and sexual life, mental health, possible solutions to the infertility problem and need of professional psychosocial counselling were studied. Moreover, various mental symptoms were recorded by means of a 'symptom checklist'. The personality characteristics were evaluated by the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI). The partners feelings for each other were worsening 2 years after the operation. There was also a tendency to a deterioration in the participants' opinion about their marital relationship, but no statistically significant change could be found. The women reported deterioration of sexual life and the men experienced an increased negative influence of the infertility problem on the marital relationship. The negative emotional and social effects of infertility were pronounced both before and 2 years after the surgical treatment. The participants' personality characteristics as regards neuroticism and extroversion had not changed. Most of the infertile couples found it difficult to work on their own towards a solution to the crisis of infertility during the 2 years following the surgical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Dysmenorrhea in women with intrauterine contraceptive device. Treatment with a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, naproxen.

Twenty-one women with intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD) and severe dysmenorrhea were studied. All the women who participated in the study had primary dysmenorrhea of varying intensities. The insertion of IUCD increased the intensity of dysmenorrheic pain. The effect of naproxen (Naprosyn) on pain alleviation was studied in a double-blind cross-over trial using naproxen and placebo. The effect of naproxen was significantly better than that of placebo (P less than 0.01). No severe side effects occurred during the treatment. There was no difference in the duration and amount of the menstrual blood flow during naproxen treatment compared to placebo according to the women's own judgement.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effect of salbutamol on the non-pregnant human uterus in vivo. A hysterometric study in dysmenorrheic women.

Uterine tonicity has been determined by means of hysterometry on the first day of menstruation in 5 women with severe primary dysmenorrhea. The effect of intravenous infusion of salbutamol in a dose of 10 microgram/min was evaluated. The results indicate that this beta 2-receptor stimulating agent is capable of eliciting a marked decrease in uterine tonicity in dysmenorrheic women. The diminished uterine tonicity was closely associated with pain relief.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Uterine tonicity in proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle.

Hysterometry, a method for the quantitative evaluation of drug effect on the myometrium, has now been applied in a study of the changes in uterine tonicity during the menstrual cycle. Six nulli-gravidae women with regular menstrual periods and normal gynecological examination findings, were studied. Hysterometry was performed in the midproliferative, ovulatory, and midsecretory periods of the cycle and on the first day of menstruation. Uterine tonicity was found to be higher during the proliferative compared with the secretory phase. The change in uterine tonicity was correlated with a change in the quotient of concentration of estradiol and progesterone in serum (E2/P).

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effect of an oral contraceptive on uterine tonicity in women with primary dysmenorrhea.

Hysterometry, a method for quantitative evaluation of the effect of pharmacologically active agents on the myometrium, has been applied to determine the effect of an oral contraceptive on uterine tonicity. Hysterometry was performed on the first day of each of two consecutive menstrual periods in 5 dysmenorrheic women. During the second cycle the women were given ethinylestradiol 50 microgram and lynestrenol 1 mg per day for 22 days. After the intake of this oral contraceptive, uterine tonicity decreased in all women, the decrease being accompanied by relief of dysmenorrheic pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Determination of tonicity in the non pregnant human uterus in vivo.

The method hysterometry has been designed for the study of the effect upon the uterine muscle of pharmacologically active agents. Hysterometry has earlier been used on the pregnant uterus and is now described for the non-pregnant situation. The capacity of the technique is exemplified with results achieved in a study of the effect of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors and beta-receptor stimulating agents during dysmenorrhea.

Albuterol↗