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Biomedical subjects

O L Ramos

Publications and source records attributed to O L Ramos.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Lack of effect of captopril on glomerular hyperfiltration in normoalbuminuric normotensive insulin-dependent diabetic patients.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of captopril on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) of normoalbuminuric normotensive insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients with and without glomerular hyperfiltration. Eleven normoalbuminuric (UAER < 30 micrograms/min) patients (age: 34.3 +/- 4.6 years: diabetes duration: 9.5 +/- 6.4 years) participated in the study. Six patients were considered to be hyperfiltering (GFR > or = 134 ml/min/ 1.73m2). GFR (51Cr-EDTA single injection technique), extracellular volume (ECV; distribution volume of 51Cr-EDTA), UAER (RIA) and metabolic and biochemical parameters were measured at baseline, after 6 weeks on captopril (25 mg p.o. twice daily) and after 6 weeks off captopril. Plasma renin activity (PRA; RIA), plasma aldosterone (RIA) and blood volume (51Cr red cell labeled) were measured at baseline and after 6 weeks on captopril. The baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics of hyperfiltering and normofiltering IDDM patients were similar. GFR did not change during the study (144.1 +/- 28.8; 139.7 +/- 21.8; 132.8 +/- 29.9 ml/min/1.73 m2) either in patients with hyperfiltration (164.6 +/- 20.7; 153.8 +/- 18.3; 148.6 +/- 31.0 ml/min/1.73 m2; n = 6) or without hyperfiltration (119.6 +/- 11.1; 123.2 +/- 11.9; 113.8 +/- 14.4 ml/min/1.73 m2; n = 5). Also, ECV (22.2 +/- 3.6; 21.5 +/- 4.3; 21.5 +/- 3.5 L/1.73 m2), UAER (3.9 [0.4-22.1]; 4.0 [0.2-11.4]; 3.7 [2.0-26.2] micrograms/min), systolic (112 +/- 13; 105 +/- 10; 111 +/- 11 mmHg) and diastolic (76 +/- 12; 72 +/- 9; 73 +/- 12 mmHg) blood pressure did not change. No difference in blood volume (60.8 +/- 10.4; 62.3 +/- 8.4 ml/kg) or plasma aldosterone (10.4 +/- 4.9; 7.7 +/- 3.8 ng/dl) was observed between baseline values and values after captopril use. PRA increased (2.4 [0.4-22.1]; 12.9 [2.2-41.1]ng/ml/h) at the end of 6 weeks on captopril (P = 0.002). Fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, fructosamine, plasma cholesterol and potassium, 24 h urinary urea and sodium were similar during the study. These results were unchanged when patients with and without hyperfiltration were analyzed as separate groups. From baseline to the end of 6 weeks on captopril there was no correlation between change in GFR and change in glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.02, P = 0.96), systolic (r = 0.23; P = 0.49) and diastolic (r = -0.32, P = 0.32) blood pressure, urinary urea (r = 0.21; P = 0.53) and UAER (r = -0.16; P = 1.00). In conclusion, captopril has no effect on the GFR and UAER of normoalbuminuric normotensive IDDM patients irrespective of the presence of glomerular hyperfiltration.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Role of substance P in blood pressure regulation in salt-dependent experimental hypertension.

The participation of substance P in the pathogenesis of five models of experimental hypertension, ie, DOCA-salt, subtotal nephrectomy, one-kidney-one clip renovascular, two-kidney-one clip renovascular, and spontaneous hypertension, was evaluated via an acute infusion of a newly synthesized potent, specific nonpeptide antagonist of substance P at the NK-1 receptor, the agent CP 96,345. In conscious unrestrained rats, CP 96,345 induced significant and sustained increases in mean arterial pressure of DOCA-salt, subtotal nephrectomy, and one-kidney-one clip renovascular hypertensive rats but only small and nonsignificant changes in blood pressure of two-kidney-one clip renovascular and spontaneously hypertensive rats. CP 96,345 had no effect on the blood pressure of sham-treated controls and Wistar-Kyoto rats. This NK-1 receptor antagonist did not significantly affect the heart rate of any experimental model studied. The data suggest that endogenous substance P may act as a partial counterregulatory mechanism against vasoconstriction in models of salt-dependent hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Sensitivity to calcium intake in calcium stone forming patients.

The absorptive or renal origin of hypercalciuria can be discriminated using an acute oral calcium load test (ACLT). Of 86 patients with calcium oxalate kidney stones, 28 (23%) were found to be hypercalciuric (HCa) and 58 (67%) normocalciuric (NCa) on their customary free diet, containing 542 +/- 29 mg/day (mean +/- SE) of calcium. Since the apparently normal 24-hour calcium excretion of many calcium stone formers (CSF) may be due to a combination of high calcium absorption with moderately low calcium intake, all patients were investigated by ACLT. Of 28 HCa patients, 13 (46%) were classified as absorptive (AH) and 15 (54%) as renal hypercalciuria (RH). Of the 58 NCa patients, 38 (65%) presented features of intestinal hyperabsorption and were therefore designated as AH-like, and 20 (35%) as RH-like. To further elucidate the role of dietary calcium in these CSF, a chronic calcium load test (CCLT), consisting of 1 g/day of oral Ca for 7 days, was designed. A positive response to the CCLT was considered to occur when urinary calcium (uCa) was > or = 4 mg/ kg/24 h on the 7th day. Among NCa patients, 29% of AH-like subjects responded to the CCLT and 71% did not; 50% of RH-like subjects also responded and 50% did not. In HCa patients, 85% of AH and 67% of RH subjects maintained uCa > or = 4 mg/kg/24 h after the CCLT and 15% of AH and 23% of RH subjects did not. However, a significant additional increase in mean uCa was not observed among HCa patients. All patients were submitted to a second evaluation of fasting calciuria (Ca/Cr). A modification of this parameter was noticed in 89% of RH-like and 78% of RH patients. In conclusion, these data suggest the presence of subpopulations of patients sensitive or not to calcium intake, regardless of whether the acute response to a calcium overload test suggested AH or RH. The CCLT disclosed dietary hypercalciuria in 21/58 (36%) of previously NCa patients. In these NCa patients, the ACLT may be replaced by the CCLT. The distinction between AH and RH initially evidenced by the ACLT was not further confirmed. These data suggest that either fasting Ca/Cr is not adequate for subclassification of HCa or that AH and RH represent a different spectrum of the same disease, and that a primary resorptive component should also be considered.

Calcium↗
PubMed1995

Renin-aldosterone axis in normoalbuminuric insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients with glomerular hyperfiltration.

The renin-aldosterone axis was evaluated by captopril test in 22 normotensive normoalbuminuric insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients with and without glomerular hyperfiltration. Patients were divided into those with glomerular hyperfiltration (Hf-IDDM) and with normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR; Nf-IDDM) according to the upper limit of GFR (134.7 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Sixteen normal individuals were also studied. GFR was measured by the 51Cr-EDTA single injection method, extracellular fluid volume as the distribution volume of 51Cr-EDTA, and blood volume using 51Cr-sodium chromate-labelled red blood cells. Twenty-five mg of captopril were administered per os and plasma renin activity (PRA; RIA), plasma aldosterone (RIA) and blood pressure were measured at 0 and 120 min post-captopril. PRA at time zero (Hf-IDDM = 2.4 +/- 1.7; Nf-IDDM = 2.5 +/- 1.9; controls = 1.0 +/- 0.6 ng/ml/h) and at 120 min (Hf-IDDM = 9.9 +/- 8.3; Nf-IDDM = 11.2 +/- 8.9; controls = 5.4 +/- 5.7 ng/ml/h) was higher in IDDM patients than in controls (P = 0.01). The increase of PRA was similar in patients (Hf-IDDM = 7.5 +/- 7.3, and Nf-IDDM = 8.7 +/- 7.2 ng/ml/h) and controls (4.4 +/- 5.3 ng/ml/h). There was no difference in PRA levels between Hf-IDDM and Nf-IDDM patients. PRA did not correlate with GFR, aldosterone, blood pressure, blood volume, duration of diabetes, 24-h urinary sodium and metabolic control indexes. Plasma aldosterone and the magnitude of its decrease after captopril was similar among patients and controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Hemodialysis versus continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: effects on the heart.

In this study we compared the influence of 2 different modalities of treatment, CAPD and hemodialysis, on the prevalence and severity of left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac arrhythmias of chronic renal failure patients. We compared 27 patients on the CAPD program with 27 patients on the chronic hemodialysis matched for sex, age, and duration of dialysis treatment. The prevalence of hypertension was significantly lower in CAPD than in hemodialysis patient (41% vs. 81%, p = 0.0023). Blood pressure levels were also lower in CAPD than in hemodialysis patients (systolic pressure 124.9 +/- 4.7 vs. 154.8 +/- 4.6 mm Hg, p < 0.0001; diastolic pressure 77.5 +/- 2.9 vs. 93.3 +/- 2.8 mm Hg, p = 0.0001). Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was present in 52% of CAPD and in 93% of hemodialysis patients (p = 0.0008). Severe cardiac arrhythmias (Lown 3-4) occurred in only 4% of CAPD and in 33% of the hemodialysis group (p = 0.0149). The lower frequency of LVH in CAPD might explain the lower incidence of severe arrhythmias.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Cardiovascular effects of a specific nonpeptide antagonist of substance P (NK-1) receptor in DOCA-salt hypertension.

The neurotransmitter substance P acts also as a potent vasodilator. Its participation in the pathogenesis of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension was evaluated by an acute infusion of a newly synthesized, potent, specific nonpeptide antagonist of substance P at the NK-1 receptor, the agent CP 96,345. In conscious unrestrained rats, CP 96,345 induced significant and sustained increases in mean arterial pressure of DOCA-salt rats but only small, transient, and nonsignificant rises in blood pressure of sham-treated control rats. The rise in blood pressure was not accompanied by changes in heart rate. Maximal blood pressure increase in DOCA-salt rats was 31.7 +/- 14.8 mm Hg. In a second series of experiments, the hemodynamic effects of this antagonist were evaluated under anesthesia in both DOCA-salt and sham-treated control rats by the thermodilution method. During CP 96,345 infusion, sustained increases in cardiac index and stroke volume and decreases in total peripheral resistance were observed in both DOCA-salt and control rats. In DOCA-salt rats, cardiac index rose by 79.4%, while total peripheral resistance fell by 27.9% of the baseline values. In control rats, the changes were smaller (+27.2% and -22.5%, respectively). Stroke volume changed in parallel to cardiac output in both groups. The data suggest that acute blockade of NK-1 receptors increases blood pressure in DOCA-salt rats mainly by an increase in cardiac output. We conclude that endogenous substance P tends to counteract the DOCA-salt-induced elevation of blood pressure by modulating both cardiac output and peripheral resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Glomerular hemodynamics during abortion induced by RU 486 and sepsis in rats.

1. Acute renal failure is a very common consequence of septic abortion. Whole kidney and glomerular hemodynamics were evaluated in virgin (V), pregnant (PREG) and aborted (ABOR) euvolemic Munich-Wistar rats before and after E. coli (0111-B4) endotoxin (LPS) infusion in order to evaluate the effect of septic abortion on the renal microcirculation. 2. Abortion induced by RU 486 blunted the increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) induced by normal pregnancy (0.86 +/- 0.03 vs 0.63 +/- 0.07 ml/min, P < 0.05). In virgin rats, RU 486 did not modify the parameters of renal function. Significant alterations occurred in whole kidney and single nephron function. However, the changes in whole kidney function in the ABOR group were significantly higher than those observed for the V group (reductions in GFR were 42% in V and 80% in ABOR, RPF decreased 34% in V and 76% in ABOR, TRVR increased 82% in V and 400% in ABOR). 3. Mean single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) was reduced in all groups after LPS (44% in V, 43% in V+RU, 55% in PREG, 60% in ABOR), due to significant decreases in glomerular plasma flow rate, QA (42% in V, 55% in V+RU, 53% in PREG, 57% in ABOR) and in glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient, Kf (46% in V, 47% in V+RU, 45% in PREG, 67% in ABOR). 4. These data show that LPS induced significant alterations in renal function in all groups. However, aborted rats were more sensitive to the effects of LPS than V rats. These results indicate that abortion may potentiate the effects of endotoxemia on renal function elevating the extent of acute renal failure and thus the mortality rate.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1994

Bone disease in calcium stone forming patients.

The association between idiopathic hypercalciuria and osteopenia (OP) has been recently recognized. It is not established whether or not calcium intake plays a critical role in the loss of bone mass. Fifty-five calcium stone forming patients with either absorptive hypercalciuria (AH) or fasting hypercalciuria (FH), 29 males and 26 premenopausal females, were submitted to dual photon absorptiometry at lumbar spine. Calcium intake was assessed by a 72 hr dietary record. OP was detected in 20% (11/55) of patients, being more common among men, 9/26 (35%) than in women, 2/29 (7%), p < 0.05. Male FH patients presented lower mean bone mineral density (BMD) than sex, weight and age-matched control (1.058 +/- 0.18 vs 1.209 +/- 0.13 g/cm2, X +/- SD, p < 0.05). OP was more frequent in FH patients, 7/20 (35%) than in AH patients 4/35 (11%), albeit the difference was not statistically significant. There was no correlation between calcium intake and BMD measurement. Six osteopenic male FH patients were further submitted to histomorphometric evaluation with tetracycline double labeling. Bone volume was lower than the controls (13.2 +/- 3.0 vs 27.2 +/- 3.7%, p < 0.05). Osteoid surfaces were reduced, although not significantly (10.1 +/- 8.2% vs 15.9 +/- 6.7%). Eroded surfaces were markedly increased (23.9 +/- 13.4 vs 4.2 +/- 1.4%, p < 0.05). The bone formation rate was very low with a complete lack of tetracycline double labeling in 4 patients. These data suggest low bone volume, tendency to low bone formation, increased bone resorption and a severe mineralization defect, consistent with normal or low bone turnover osteoporosis.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1993

Parenteral isradipine reduces blood pressure in hypertensive crisis.

The efficacy and tolerability of an infusion of isradipine, a calcium antagonist of the dihydropyridine type, were tested in patients in hypertensive crisis. Ten patients with symptomatic and significant elevations in blood pressure were infused for 12 h with isradipine at 1.2, 2.4, 4.8, and 7.2 micrograms/kg/h (3 h of each infusion level). No untoward effects or adverse reactions were noted. No alterations were observed on electrocardiographic tracings, and blood pressure was significantly reduced only at doses of 7.2 micrograms/kg/h. Thus, isradipine as an infusion is useful and safe for hypertensive crisis, starting at a rate of 7.2 micrograms/kg/h. Higher doses may yet prove to be safe, well tolerated, and even more efficacious.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy with isradipine induces diminution of cardiac arrhythmias.

The left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) of hypertension is often associated with ventricular arrhythmias, which may increase the risk of cardiovascular mortality. Our study was therefore designed to assess whether pharmacological reversal of LVH was associated with the diminution of LV ectopic beats. The antihypertensive agent selected for the study was the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist isradipine (2.5 to 5.0 mg/day orally), which induces rapid regression of LVH. A marked temporal association was observed between regression of LV mass and reductions in the total number of ventricular extrasystoles and in paired beats. Furthermore, there was a diminution of the complexity of the form of ventricular ectopic beats during antihypertensive treatment. No changes in serum electrolytes were documented to account for this control of cardiac arrhythmias. We conclude that the reversal of LVH obtained with isradipine is accompanied by control of the ventricular arrhythmias in hypertensive patients. It is possible that this cardioprotective action may be associated non-specifically with the reduction in LV mass, although a drug- or class-specific action cannot be ruled out.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Monoclonal antibody-based immunoenzymometric assays of retinol-binding protein.

Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a low-molecular-mass protein (21 kDa), easily filtered in renal glomeruli and very efficiently reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs). In PCT dysfunction, high concentrations of RBP are found in urine. Several methods have been used to determine RBP in serum or urine. We describe the production, selection, labeling, and utilization of anti-RBP monoclonal antibodies in two- or one-step immunoenzymometric assays for the determination of RBP. The one-step assay has good precision, with within-run and between-run CVs < 6.6% and 5.9%, respectively. Comparison with radial immunodiffusion (x) showed good agreement: y = 0.068 mg/L + 0.899x (n = 24). Comparison between the one-step (y) and two-step (x) versions of the assay also showed a very good correlation: y = 212 micrograms/L + 0.910x. The one-step assay has been adopted for routine work; it detects transthyretin-bound as well as free RBP and may have clinical usefulness in evaluating the functional status of PCTs.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Kidney transplantation from living unrelated donors.

OBJECTIVE: To compare patient and graft survival of recipients of kidneys from living, unrelated donors (LUDs); cadaveric donors; and living, related donors (LRDs) matched for zero (mismatched), one, or two (identical) haplotypes. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Sixty-three renal transplantation centers affiliated with the Brazilian Transplantation Registry (accounting for more than 95% of the transplantation activity in Brazil). PATIENTS: Patients having renal transplantation between January 1987 and March 1991. Of 2892 patients, 165 (6%) received transplants from LUDs; 964 (33%), from cadaveric donors; 183 (6%), from zero haplotype, HLA-matched LRDs; 1259 (44%), from one haplotype-matched LRDs; and 321 (11%), from two haplotype-matched LRDs. MEASUREMENTS: Patient and graft survival. Patients were followed for an average of 15.8 months. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, race, diagnosis of primary disease, history of previous transplantation, cyclosporine use, and number of transplants from LUDs per center, patient survival did not differ statistically for recipients of kidneys from LUDs and recipients of cadaveric kidneys (risk ratio [RR], 1.16; 95% Cl, 0.68 to 1.98). Little difference was seen between the adjusted death rate for recipients of zero haplotype-matched LRDs and recipients of cadaveric kidneys (RR, 1.13; Cl, 0.69 to 1.87). Similarly, in a multivariate analysis, recipients of kidneys taken from LUDs and zero haplotype-matched LRDs had a risk for graft failure that did not differ statistically from that of cadaveric kidney recipients (RR, 0.74; Cl, 0.45 to 1.22 and RR, 0.82; Cl, 0.53 to 1.25, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Graft survival for recipients of kidneys from LUDs is similar to that from zero haplotype-matched LRDs and is at least as good as that achieved with cadaveric transplants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Prediction of steroid responsiveness in the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome using urinary retinol-binding protein and beta-2-microglobulin.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of early proximal tubular dysfunction, measured by urinary excretion of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), in patients with the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and to investigate the value of these tests in predicting steroid responsiveness. DESIGN: Before-after trial with 8-week treatment period. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: Sequential sample of 37 patients with the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome caused by minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, or mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. INTERVENTION: All patients were treated with prednisone as one dose of 1 to 1.5 mg/kg body weight per day for 8 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Urinary RBP was measured by an immunoenzymometric assay and B2M, by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Remission of the nephrotic syndrome after steroid treatment was the main outcome variable. RESULTS: Elevated levels of urinary RBP and B2M before treatment were detected in 65% and 75% of the patients, respectively. Median urinary RBP and B2M, before treatment, were significantly higher in the steroid-unresponsive group than in the responsive group (P less than 0.01). In the steroid-responsive group, urinary RBP and B2M levels decreased significantly after remission (P less than 0.01). In the steroid-unresponsive group, the likelihood ratios for urinary RBP greater than 4000 micrograms/g creatinine and for B2M greater than 3000 micrograms/g creatinine were 3.8 and 3.0, respectively. The probability was 100% that values of RBP of less than 1300 micrograms/g creatinine and B2M of less than 130 micrograms/g creatinine were from steroid-responsive patients. Multivariate analysis confirmed that higher urinary levels of RBP and B2M were associated with a lower likelihood of steroid responsiveness, independent of age and histologic diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Proximal tubular dysfunction is frequent in patients with the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Pretreatment urinary RBP and B2M levels may be helpful in identifying nephrotic patients who are more likely to be responsive to steroids.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Urolithiasis in childhood: metabolic evaluation.

In order to determine metabolic disorders in children with urolithiasis, 50 patients with urinary calculi were studied. Abdominal pain and/or haematuria were the most predominant symptoms. Surgical procedures were required in 22% of these children and urinary tract infection was observed in 34% of this group. Only 2 children had anatomical malformations of the urinary tract. Absorptive hypercalciuria (32%), renal hypercalciuria (34%) and uric acid hyperexcretion (24%) were the most common metabolic abnormalities in these children. We were unable to find an underlying metabolic abnormality in only 14% of the patients. These data suggest that appropriate metabolic study will allow rational management of children with urinary stones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Glomerular hemodynamics and hormonal evaluation during starvation in rats.

The effects of total food deprivation on renal function were evaluated in normal Munich-Wistar rats submitted to starvation (S) periods of two to eight days (Groups S2 to S8). A prompt and sustained decrease in renal plasma flow (RPF) and an increase in total renal vascular resistance (TRVR) were observed after the second day, together with a gradual decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) until the fourth day (40% in the S4 group, P less than 0.05). After this period, a spontaneous and progressive increase in GFR occurred in spite of continuing low RPF and high TRVR. Glomerular hemodynamics were evaluated in additional animals from groups S4 and S7. As observed for whole kidney GFR, mean single nephron (SN) GFR was reduced in group S4, but not in group S7. The decline in SNGFR in S4 was the result of a decline (approximately 40%) in glomerular plasma flow rate (QA) and glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure (PGC), due to a predominant increase (approximately 60%) in afferent arteriolar resistance. In S7, SNGFR and its determinants did not differ from the control. Angiotensin II (Ang II), prostaglandin (but not thromboxane A2, TxA2) inhibition blunted the alterations in whole kidney function observed in S4. Conversely in S7, the inhibition of vasoconstrictor agents (Ang II and TxA2) did not normalize GFR, suggesting that the intrarenal vasoconstriction could be an important factor to maintain GFR after a prolonged period of starvation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation and hypertension. Genetic influence.

We studied the importance of genetic predisposition in the development of stress-induced hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat, and borderline hypertensive rat (BHR; first-generation offspring of SHR and WKY). Rats were submitted to seven 72-hour sessions of rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (REM-sd) every other week during 13 weeks. Tail arterial pressure was determined throughout the experiment. At the end of the study, mean arterial pressure (direct measurement), sympathetic activity (acute blockade with propranolol and phentolamine), and ventricular weight were determined. Results showed that REM-sd induced sustained hypertension only in rats with a partial predisposition to developing hypertension (BHRs). Values of tail arterial pressure at the end of the study were BHR REM-sd, 175 +/- 1.6 mm Hg and control BHR, 155.9 +/- 0.9 mm Hg, p less than 0.05; SHR REM-sd, 219 +/- 2.6 mm Hg and control SHR, 211.9 +/- 3.4 mm Hg, NS; WKY REM-sd, 123.9 +/- 2 mm Hg and control WKY, 125.4 +/- 2.2 mm Hg, NS. Stressed groups showed higher reduction of mean arterial pressure than their controls when submitted to sympathetic blockade (SHR REM-sd, -75.7 +/- 13.2 mm Hg and control SHR, -60 +/- 4.5 mm Hg, p less than 0.05; BHR REM-sd, -38.4 +/- 3.6 mm Hg and control BHR, -24.3 +/- 2.1 mm Hg, NS; WKY REM-sd, -34.4 +/- 2.5 mm Hg and control WKY, -25.6 +/- 3.3 mm Hg, NS). REM-sd increased ventricular weight in all strains. These increments showed no correlation with blood pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenal Glands↗