Biomedical subjects

O L Oke

Publications and source records attributed to O L Oke.

18 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Studies on weaning diets in Nigeria: 2 protein sources.

Protein isolates were extracted from melon, groundnut, and soybean cakes in an aqueous system that could potentially yield both oil and protein from oilseeds quantitatively. Protein isolates obtained were 91.2, 78.6 and 79.5% of the total protein content of melon, groundnut and soybean cakes respectively. Both cakes and isolates were assessed in a rat bioassay while breadfruit, cassava, and corn starch were also investigated as sources of carbohydrate. Results showed that there were no significant differences between feed intake, weight gain and PER of rats fed the cake and the protein isolates except in soybean. Weight gain, PER and NPR were highest in cassava-soybean protein isolate diet followed by cassavacasein diet (control) while performance was only moderate with melon- and groundnut-cassava diets. With melon protein isolate, cassava and breadfruit were better carbohydrate sources than corn starch. In simulated weaning diets, cassava-sucrose-melon-soybean protein isolate based diet performed better (weight gain 33.4 g, PER 1.63, NPR 2.23) than a commercial weaning food (weight gain 30.6 g PER 1.57, NPR 2.18) while replacement of sucrose and cassava at 30% by breadfruit yielded a cost effective diet with good performance (weight gain 29.4 g, PER 1.51, NPR 2.12). Diets where soybean protein served as the sole source of protein or breadfruit, white and yellow maize 'ogi' served as the main source of carbohydrate performed only moderately.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Total substitution of leaf protein in the ration of laying hens.

Laying birds of the Harco strain (crossbred sex-linked Brown Leghorn and Rhode Island Red) were fed rations in which leaf protein replaced 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the soybean meal. These five rations were compared with a standard layer ration that contained fish meal and ground nut cake. The results show that 75% of the soybean meal in layer rations can be replaced by leaf protein without any significant effect in egg production and feed efficiency when compared with the performance of birds receiving fish meal in their diet. Use of leaf protein as the sole supplemental source of protein for the birds significantly (P less than .05) reduced feed intake and also resulted in production of very watery droppings by the birds. Feeding of leaf protein also significantly (P less than .01) increased yolk color score.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1985

On the metabolism of amygdalin. 1. The LD50 and biochemical changes in rats.

The mean lethal dose (LD50) of amygdalin in rats was found to be 880 mg/kg body weight (BW) by oral administration. However, when 600 mg/kg BW was administered orally with beta-glucosidase, all the rats died. Total and Mg ATPase activities of the heart decreased with increasing levels of administered amygdalin. When 200 mg/kg BW amygdalin was administered 2.3 mg (11.7% of the dose) was excreted intact over 48 h. Amygdalin, 7.4 mg (18.5% of the dose) was excreted when the dose was 400 mg/kg BW, while 7.5 mg (12.4% of the dose) was excreted as intact amygdalin when the dosage was increased to 600 mg/kg BW. Thiocyanate excreted within the same 48-h period was 7.0, 9.1, and 9.5 mumol representing 18, 11.2, and 7.8% of the 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg BW oral dosage, respectively. With 300 mg/kg BW amygdalin administered intraperitoneally, 4.1 mg amygdalin and 3.9 mumol thiocyanate representing 13.7 and 6.5% of the dose, respectively, was excreted. Excretion of intact amygdalin and thiocyanate was uniform when the dose was low (200 mg), but with higher doses over 70% of the excreted products were detected in the urine during the first 24 h.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗

PubMed1985

On the metabolism of amygdalin. 2. The distribution of beta-glucosidase activity and orally administered amygdalin in rats.

The organs of 15-day-old rats had the highest capability to hydrolyze amygdalin and prunasin, and most of this activity is concentrated in the tissues of the small and large intestines. The activity decreased with age. In adult rats, the ability of the organs to hydrolyze prunasin is higher than that of amygdalin and is concentrated in the spleen, large intestine, and kidney (35.0, 15.0, and 8.9 micrograms prunasin hydrolyzed . h-1 . g tissue-1). Minced tissues of the liver, spleen, kidney, and stomach contain more hydrolytic capability than the homogenate of these organs, while the reverse is the case with the small and large intestines. When 30 mg amygdalin was orally administered to adult rats, its distribution after the 1st h was as follows: stomach (0.89 mg), small intestine (0.78 mg), spleen (0.36 mg), large intestine (0.30 mg), kidney (0.19 mg), liver (0.10 mg), and serum (5.6 micrograms/mL). At the end of the 2nd h, the highest amygdalin content was found in the large intestine (0.79 mg).

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1985

Effect of thiamin status on the metabolism of linamarin in rats.

The effect of graded levels of thiamin on the metabolism of linamarin was investigated in rats. It was observed that on a diet deficient in thiamin, a large amount of linamarin was recovered unchanged in the urine, together with significantly more thiocyanate (SCN-) relative to the control. The least amount of thiocyanate (p less than 0.05 relative to control) was found in animals receiving the highest amount (twice daily requirement) of thiamin in the diet; but the amount of unmetabolized linamarin was similar to the control. It is suggested that thiamin deficiency may be implicated in the aetiology of tropical ataxic neuropathy (TAN) through the thiocyanate overload in people eating large amounts of cassava and cassava derivatives which contain linamarin.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

A preliminary survey of aerobic bacteria in breast milk of mothers from the low-income group in Nigeria.

The aerobic bacteria colonizing breast milk of the low-income group in Nigeria were quantified to assess its suitability for use in milk banks. In parallel, the nutritional and health status of donating mothers and their infants were assessed by physicians. The aerobic bacteria contained in the specimens included Streptococcus salivarius, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermides. In general, the microbial load found in these milk samples is lower than levels considered dangerous. An analysis of the results showed that 50% of the mother's milk is contaminated, 17% of which was infected with primary pathogens. There was no correlation between demographic data, nutritional or health status of either mother or infant and microbial load in mother's milk. Milk obtained from this socio-economic group, is therefore, considered safe for use in milk banks.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Hydrolysis of linamarin by intestinal bacteria.

Linamarin, a cyanogenic glucoside, was hydrolyzed by Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis but not by Clostridium perfringens when these organisms were grown on a glucose or lactose medium.

Clostridium perfringens↗

PubMed1979

Effects of cyanogenic agents on reproduction and neonatal development in rats.

A diet consisting of 50% gari (a form of cassava meal) was found to cause no significant biochemical and haematological changes in adult female rats. Although this diet caused a significant increase in their serum thiocyanate levels, there was no corresponding significant increase in the weight of their thyroid glands. The offspring of these rats had significantly lower birth weights and brain weights and never attained the same adult weights as those of the controls. Adult female rats fed a diet consisting entirely of raw cassava had significantly reduced haematological and biochemical indices. This diet also caused an increased incidence of cannibalism and a significant reduction in the frequency of pregnancy, the average number of the litter and the birth weights among these rats. In addition there was an increased incidence of neonatal deaths among the offspring which also had poor development, reduced brain weights and an increased tendency towards biting their litter-mates. Adult female rats fed diets containing 5 and 10 g cyanide/100 g laboratory diet survived for more than 3 months but never became pregnant. They developed enlarged thyroid glands and tumours of the large intestine. The relevance of these findings to the areas of the world where cyanogenic glycosides form the staple diet is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1979