Biomedical subjects
O Kristensen
Publications and source records attributed to O Kristensen.
Topical salicylic acid interferes with UVB therapy for psoriasis.
Salicylic acid has been widely used in the topical treatment of psoriasis. Chemically it is closely related to paraaminobenzoic acid. Following in vitro studies indicating that salicylic acid might exhibit relevant UVB absorption, we found that salicylic acid had a clinically pronounced filter effect when applied prior to UVB exposure. The duration of photoprotection after application was more than 12 h, sometimes exceeding 24 h. In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, left-right comparison study in patients with psoriasis between emollients with and without salicylic acid, salicylic acid was shown to decrease the clearing rate significantly.
Continuous gene expression in vitro: the Spirin system.
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Salicylic acid and ultraviolet B for psoriasis.
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[Alcoholism and physical training].
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Double-blind placebo-controlled evaluation of flunarizine as adjunct therapy in epilepsy with complex partial seizures.
Flunarizine was compared to placebo in a double-blind cross-over trial of 2 16-week treatment periods separated by a 4-week wash-out period. The patients had epilepsy with complex partial seizures with or without secondary generalised seizures. Twenty-nine patients entered the trial, but 7 dropped out. Of the 22 patients completing the trial, 13 were women; the median was 39 years (range 15-58) and the median duration of epilepsy 23 years (range 4-55). There was no statistically significant difference between flunarizine 15 mg daily and placebo as adjunct therapy in total seizure frequency, neuropsychological tests, and patient's preferences. No interactions with concomitant antiepileptic drugs and no laboratory abnormalities were registered.
[A rare anomaly: esophageal atresia in infants].
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Use of saliva for monitoring oxcarbazepine therapy in epileptic patients.
The utility of saliva sampling in monitoring oxcarbazepine therapy has been assessed in 17 epileptic outpatients treated with a mean dose 22.7 mg/kg/d for 19-411 days, i.e. at steady-state. Blood was collected before the morning dose measurement of the plasma 10-OH-carbazepine concentration and determination of the protein bound fraction. Immediately after blood sampling resting saliva and saliva produced after a masticatory stimulus were collected. Using equilibrium dialysis and an ultrafiltration technique the protein binding of 10-OH-carbazepine was found to be 40% and 45%, respectively. When the degree of protein binding was expressed as the ratio between the corresponding saliva and plasma concentrations of 10-OH-carbazepine, the concentration in resting saliva indicated that no drug was bound to plasma protein, whereas the use of stimulated saliva suggested a protein-bound fraction of 35%. The concentration in stimulated saliva reflects the free fraction of 10-OH-carbazepine, but regression analysis of paired salivary and plasma values showed that the prediction of plasma concentrations from levels in saliva is uncertain. This, together with the low degree of plasma protein binding, leads to the conclusion that it would be preferable to monitor total plasma concentrations if therapeutic drug monitoring of oxcarbazepine were to prove essential in epileptic patients.
[Should old antiepileptic drugs be banned?].
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[A specialized outpatient psychiatric clinic. Experience at a local hospital].
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Red cell 2,3-DPG, ATP, and mean cell volume in highly trained athletes. Effect of long-term submaximal exercise.
20 male elite long distance runners were compared to a control group of blood donors to determine the effect of training on red blood cells. The acute effects of exercise on red cells were investigated in 11 of the runners following a race of 15-30 km. The runners had elevated resting values of red cell 2,3-DPG (P less than 0.05) and mean cell volume (P less than 0.01); blood Hb and ATP were not different from concentrations in the control group. The red cell status of the athletes may be explained by an increased proportion of young erythrocytes in runners. No statistically significant changes in red cell 2,3-DPG, ATP, mean cell volume or blood Hb were found post exercise.
Therapeutic effect of exercise on hypertension.
Arterial blood pressure, total peripheral resistance (TPR), plasma catecholamine and other hormone concentrations were measured or estimated during, and 4 h following, a 20-min exercise test on the bicycle ergometer in 10 women with marginal (borderline) hypertension. Each woman served as her own control by repeating the whole procedure, except for the exercise test, on another day. Median and 80% range was used: M (0.8 R). Compared with the control, the exercise reduced the driving blood pressure from 103 (94-110) to 95 (80-100) mm Hg and the TPR from 1.13 (0.96-1.40) to 0.91 (0.79-1.11) PRUs - both reductions being statistically significant with two-sided P less than 0.05 for at least 4 h. - The reduced nervous and humoral sympathetic activity following aerobic exercise seems capable of explaining the low TPR, and the continuous rise in the muscular vasodilatator dopamine may be of importance.
Pharmacokinetics of 10-OH-carbazepine, the main metabolite of the antiepileptic oxcarbazepine, from serum and saliva concentrations.
After administration of 600 mg of the antiepileptic oxcarbazepine to 7 healthy volunteers, serum and stimulated saliva samples were collected for the next 72 h. Concentrations of 10-OH-carbazepine, the main metabolite of oxcarbazepine, were determined by an HPLC method. The time-concentration curves showed a median Tmax of 8 h followed by a plateau until 24 h indicating saturable kinetic processes. Based on the curves, the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The half-life of 10-OH-carbazepine in saliva, 13.8 +/- 3.7 (SD) h, was significantly shorter than in serum, 19.3 +/- 6.2 (SD) h. The half-life of 10-OH-carbazepine in serum was inversely correlated to the free fraction, estimated by the ratio saliva/serum concentrations. Calculation of free fraction by this method showed that 53.1 +/- 14.4 (SD) % of 10-OH-carbazepine is unbound in serum. There was a good correlation (r = 0.914) between serum and saliva concentrations of 10-OH-carbazepine from 8-72 h after administration of oxcarbazepine. This finding indicates that saliva concentrations may prove useful, as has been shown for carbamazepine, in therapeutic monitoring of oxcarbazepine treatment.
[Familial dysautonomy (Riely-Day's syndrome). A review and report of a characteristic case].
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Clonazepam (Rivotril) and carbamazepine (Tegretol) in psychomotor epilepsy: a randomized multicenter trial.
The antiepileptic properties of carbamazepine (Tegretol) and clonazepam (Rivotril) were compared in a double-blind randomized study comprising 36 patients with newly diagnosed, untreated psychomotor epilepsy (partial seizures with complex symptomatology). No significant differences were found between the two drugs during the 6 months of treatment. Measurements of concentrations in plasma confirmed that the patients exceeded the accepted lower limit for therapeutic range of the drugs.
Personality correlates of sphenoidal EEG-foci in temporal lobe epilepsy.
Patients with unilateral temporal lateral or temporal mediobasal epileptic focus as ascertained by sphenoidal electrode EEG recordings were evaluated using the questionnaire designed by Bear & Fedio (1977). The seventeen traits defined by the items in this questionnaire were also assessed by close observers in an equivalent questionnaire. Patients with medio-basal temporal lobe focus were found generally to exhibit "epileptic" personality traits to a greater extent than patients with lateral focus, and the results indicated that they also, more than patients with lateral focus, were characterized by a schizoid paranoid outlook. The patients with left temporal lobe focus were found to be emotionally labile compared to patients with right temporal lobe focus. Patients with lateral right-sided temporal focus had obviously the most benign psychological prognosis. The main discrepancies between the results of Bear & Fedio (1977) and the present study are briefly discussed.
[Progressive supranuclear paralysis].
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Value of saliva samples in monitoring carbamazepine concentrations in epileptic patients.
Simultaneous saliva and serum concentrations of carbamazepine (CBZ) were determined by enzyme immunoassay technique (EMIT) in 120 epileptic patients on long-term treatment with CBZ. Saliva specimens were collected after the patients had chewed paraffin for 5 min. The regression between serum and saliva concentrations of CBZ was linear. The correlation coefficient was 0.94 with a mean saliva/serum ratio of 0.31 (0.30-0.31, 95% confidence limits). The serum/saliva correlation coefficients r = 0.92 and r = 0.95, as well as the mean saliva/serum ratios, 0.31 and 0.31, were comparable in 83 patients in CBZ monotherapy and 37 patients receiving additional drugs. The paraffin chewing facilitated the saliva sampling greatly, but resulted only in a minor increase of the serum/saliva correlation coefficient, 0.90 to 0.94, based on 45 patients on CBZ monotherapy where saliva was sampled just before as well as after paraffin chewing. The method of saliva sampling failed in five patients (4%), but was otherwise applicable even in little children. The findings indicate that the concentrations of CBZ in saliva instead of serum can be used to monitor CBZ treatment in epileptic patients, thus obviating the necessity of painful venipunctures.