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Biomedical subjects

O Korkala

Publications and source records attributed to O Korkala.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Innervation of synovial membrane and meniscus.

Substance P-immunofluorescent nerves, which are closely connected to pain transmission, were shown in human knee synovial membrane and menisci. Both tissues also contained enkephalin-immunofluorescent nerves, which are probably involved in the modulation of pain transmission. Previous suggestions on the presence of nociceptive receptors in these non-cartilaginous joint structures, made on a histological basis, are thus confirmed by a specific immunohistochemical method.

Enkephalins↗
PubMed1985

Flexor tendon division at "no-man's land" of the hand treated by primary suture and passive controlled mobilization.

Flexor tendon injuries to the no-man's land of the hand previously exclusively treated by delayed operation and tendon grafting can be treated successfully by primary suture and postoperative controlled passive mobilization. Ten patients with flexor divisions of fourteen fingers were operated on using a modified Kessler technique and mobilized passively under control. The outcome in two tendons was poor, in one it was fair and in all the others good. The reason for the poor result in the two cases was suture leakage. Primary tendon repair should be preserved for clean uncomplicated tendon divisions. Sufficient experience in surgery of the hand is necessary to achieve good results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Innervation of human bone periosteum by peptidergic nerves.

Nerves exhibiting substance P-like immunoreactivity were demonstrated in the human periosteum. A network of nerves showing substance P-like immunoreactivity was seen in the periosteum, while finer strands of immunoreactive nerve fibers were present immediately beneath the surface of the periosteum. Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was also studied but could not be demonstrated. Substance P has previously been suggested to be involved in the mediation of the sensation of pain. The clinically observable marked pain sensitivity of periosteal tissue might be explained by the peptidergic nerves described in this paper.

Fluorescence↗
PubMed1984

Reduction and fixation of late diagnosed lower cervical spine dislocations using the Daab plate. A report of two cases.

The mode of treatment of late diagnosed lower cervical spine dislocations is a matter of controversy. Some workers consider surgical reduction 2 weeks after the trauma contraindicated, preferring posterior fusion in situ despite neurological defects. Classic techniques of posterior fixation by interspinous wiring may be insufficient in late reduced cases. This is especially true in the case of fracture of the posterior arch or the base of the spinous process, or if a laminectomy has been performed. Two complete dislocations of the lower cervical spine were reduced 2 and 8 weeks after the trauma in combination with posterior fixation using the Daab plate and posterolateral fusion. Both patients had marked neurological defects which were significantly alleviated after the operation; a solid fusion was achieved in both cases.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1984

Healing of experimental ligament rupture: findings by scanning electron microscopy.

The medial collateral ligaments of the knee joints of 16 rats were cut. Sixteen ligaments were allowed to heal spontaneously while the others were immediately sutured under the microscope. Four sham-operated immobilized rats served as controls. The ligamentous healing was registered after 4-5 weeks of immobilization under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In the control ligaments, collagen bundles of variable thickness were observed as the main supporting elements. Numerous thin fibers were seen between the bundles. The surgically corrected ligaments showed a microstructural picture often difficult to distinguish from the controls. The unsutured ligaments, however, showed a much more variable picture. In some unsutured cases ligamentous regeneration was blocked by extensive scar formation. In many unsutured cases, however, signs of ligamentous regeneration were observed. It was noted that the SEM is a useful and sophisticated tool for studies on ligament healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Articular cartilage after meniscectomy. Rabbit knees studied with the scanning electron microscope.

Ten rabbits had a medial meniscectomy in both knees. The articular surface was studied with a scanning electron microscope 2, 4 or 12 weeks after the operation. Three sham operated and two unoperated rabbits served as controls. Progressive articular cartilage damage was observed on the weight-bearing areas of the medial condyles. The findings are compatible with clinical observations after meniscectomy; they confirm that meniscectomy is not a harmless operation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Lateral ligament injuries of the ankle. Results of primary surgical treatment.

76 cases of fresh lateral ligament injuries were operated on by primary suture. The preoperative diagnosis of severe lateral ligament sprain was based on clinical and radiological instability as seen by talar tilt and anterior drawer sign tests. A good diagnostic accuracy was achieved. A walking cast was worn for four weeks after the operation. A follow-up study was undertaken 24 to 44 months after the operation. 71 ankles were excellent or good, three ankles were fair, while only two ankles showed a poor operative result. Both patients with a poor result had suffered a recurrent sprain. It is concluded that operative correction of fresh severe lateral ligament injuries gives satisfactory results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Lateral ligament injuries of the ankle. Surgical treatment of late cases.

34 ankles with prolonged instability of the lateral ligaments were operated on by the Evans tenodesis procedure. The follow-up period was 24 to 35 months. 33 patients showed subjective improvement, only one had marked postoperative complaints. It was observed that the Evans operation gives good stability of the ankle. As a simple and safe procedure this operation is to be recommended for standard correction of old posttraumatic lateral instability of the ankle joint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Late results of meniscectomy of the knee. A follow-up study of 41 patients.

A follow-up study was undertaken to study the late results and complications of meniscectomy of the knee. The material consisted of 43 operations, with an observation period of 5 to 20 years. The purpose of the study was to investigate the appearance of osteoarthrosis after the operation, correlating the degree of osteoarthrosis with the physical findings and subjective complaints of the patient. 14 patients showed osteoarthrotic changes, which may have been caused by the operation and/or by a pre-existing menisceal trauma. The osteoarthrotic changes were related to clinical pathological findings, but not necessarily to subjective complaints.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The acetylcholinesterase reaction and catecholamine fluorescence in the glomus cells of rat carotid body.

The presence of both acetylcholinesterase reaction and glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence of catecholamines in the same glomus cells of rat carotid body was demonstrated using combined histochemical methods. A suggestion is made that the glomus cells have both excitatory and inhibitory effects on the chemosensory nerve via acetylcholine and catecholamines, respectively.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1977

Loss of histochemically demonstrable catecholamines in the glomus cells of the carotid body after alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine treatment.

A statistically significant decrease in the intensity of catecholamine fluorescence of some carotid body glomus cells was observed after inhibition of the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase by injection of 80 mg/kg alpha-methyl-paratyrosine. The intensity of the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence was measured in individual glomus cells. The maximum decrease in the intensity was observed 4 to 6 hr after the alpha-methyltyrosine injection. This suggests a rapid turnover in the catecholamines of the carotid body.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Fluorescence histochemical and electron-microscopical observations on the innervation of the atrial myocardium of the adult human heart.

The existence of both adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the atrial myocardium of the adult human heart was demonstrated by means of fluorescence induced by formaldehyde or glyoxylic acid and by electron microscopy. The adrenergic fluorescing axons (1) followed the course of blood vessels as typical perivascular nerve plexuses, and (2) formed a three-dimensional fairly dense nerve net obviously not related to the blood vessels. The varicosities frequently came into close apposition on myocardial cells. Several types of nerve terminals were differentiated at electron microscopy: (1) an "adrenergic" type containing small (diameter 450-700 A) dense-cored vesicles and usually (in various proportions) small "empty" and/or large (900-1500 A) dense-cored vesicles, (2) a "cholinergic" type containing small (ca. 500 A) "empty" vesicles and occasionally also some large (mean diameter ca. 1200 A) dense-cored vesicles, (3) a "pale" type containing only a few or no vesicles, (4) a "disintegrated" type containing degenerated mitochondria, autophagic vacuoles, and occasional normal-looking mitochondria, (5) nerve terminals containing a large number of mitochondria in addition to varying vesicle populations, and (6) a (possibly baroreceptive type of) nerve terminal containing myelinlike lamellated structures. The "disintegrated" and the "pale" types of nerve terminals possibly represent different stages of axonal degeneration, or may correspond to diminution in the transmitter substance concentration under certain pathophysiologic conditions, respectively. Nerve terminals crowded with mitochondria may be sensory and involved in mechano-or chemoreceptive functions. In preliminary experiments convincing evidence was obtained that the glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence histochemical method will be suitable for comparative studies on (human) clinical specimens, e.g., for analyzing the degree of the functional activity of the intrinsic adrenergic innervation of the myocardium under various pathophysiologic conditions. The modification which appeared most appropriate for such studies is described in detail, and is proposed for use as a standard method in other similar or related studies on human clinical series. The essential criteria for analyzing the specimens at fluorescence microscopy are suggested as well.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Ultrastructural changes in the rat carotid body in severe haemorrhagia.

Rat carotid bodies were studied electron microscopically after short-term severe hypovolaemia, which is known to induce a marked chemoreceptor activation in the carotid body. Altogether 84 nerve-endings in the hypovolaemic rats' carotid bodies and 91 nerve-endings in the control carotid bodies were investigated. An increased accumulation of the glomus cell granular vesicles near the synaptic specializations of the nerve-endings was observed after hypovolaemia. Moreover, a statistically significant increase in the contacts between the nerve-ending synaptic specializations and the glomus cell granular vesicles was observed after hypovolaemia. A suggestion was made that the glomus cells might act as modulating, probably inhibitory, interneurones, whose catecholamines are responsible for the inhibition.

Animals↗